year10 biochem1
TRANSCRIPT
Year 10 Science
BIOCHEMISTRYCells in their EnvironmentCell structure
Cell Theory
• All organisms are composed of cells
• all cells come from pre existing cells
• Cells are the smallest living organisational unit
All Cells
• Cytoplasm is enclosed within an outer cell membrane
• hereditary information is carried in the form of DNA
Cell Organelles
• These have a cell membrane and cytoplasm
• the cytoplasm has many organelles• these organelles include a
membrane bound nucleus• Organelles are similar to organs, but
on a smaller scale
Plant and Animal Cells
Cell Environment
• Normal cell function depends on their extracellular (outside the cell) environment
• cell membranes are permeable (allow to pass through) to water and oil soluble substances (alcohol) and some small molecules
• the make up of extracellular fluid is important to the cell
Cell Environment
• Salt concentrations can affect the passage of water and therefore stability of the cell
• Optimal (best) cell activities could also depend on– temperature– levels of nutrients– pH– removal of wastes
Organelles
• Organelles are specialised structures found within cells.
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
• It is the despatches department of the cell
• Chemicals are packaged in membranes at the Golgi and then sent out of the cell
Golgi Body
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
• Chloroplasts are found only in Plants• They are responsible for Photosynthesis
• They convert inorganic materials such as water and carbon dioxide to useable food such as sugar and starch.
Chloroplasts
• The unique green colour is due to the chemical chlorophyll
• Chlorophyll converts light energy into useable chemical energy
Grana
Mitochondria
Mitochondrium
Mitochondria
• This is the powerhouse of the cell• It converts sugars and starches
into useable energy for cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• It is the transport system of the cell
• It is able to transport toxic chemicals to the Golgi Body
• It looks like a series of membranes stacked within the cells
Vesicles & Lysosomes
Vesicles & Lysosomes
• Once the toxic chemicals are in the Golgi Body they are packaged
• These packages are membrane bound so as to protect the rest of the cell
• These packages are often sent out of the cell.
• These packages are Lysosomes and Vesicles
Evolution Of Organelles
Pinocytosis