yellow journalism when objectivity took a seat.. yellow journalism...

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism

When objectivity took a seat.


• ______________________________________________________________________.

• __________________________________• Distorted stories• Misleading images for the sole purpose of

______________________________________________________________________


• Industrial Revolution began at this time• Machines made it easy to print thousands of

papers in a single night

• Endless drive for circulation• Often the publisher’s greed was placed before

ethics2

The Age of Pulitzer and HearstThe Age of Pulitzer and Hearst

• Time period of Yellow Journalism was said to be from __________________, although it lasted clear into the __________.

• The term was first coined based on a series of ______________________________________________________________________

Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer

• Came to the US from ________________________ at the age of _________

• Joined the Union Army and fought in the Civil War1


• __________-he bought the __________________________ and combined it with the Westliche Post, a paper that he part-owned1

• He used the Dispatch to launch crusades against government corruption, lotteries, gambling and tax fraud7


• ___________-he buys the New York World for __________________• The paper had been losing $40,000 a year7


• A year later, sales boomed to 100,000

• In celebration, he had 100 guns fired off in the City Hall park and gave each employee a tall silk hat1


• The World was known for its editorial page -- income tax, shorter working hours and restrictions on monopolies

• It became the country’s leading champion of ___________________

• Overtones of sensationalism -- Subjectivity -- woven around a substantial core of real news1

Nellie BlyNellie Bly

• Her actual name was _______________, but changed it because women found it hard to be taken seriously in the journalism world, and so did not get high-paying jobs

• Joined the New York World in ______


• Wrote investigative articles over poverty, housing and labor conditions in New York

• Feigned being insane and sent to Blackwell’s Island, the New York insane asylum• Wrote a book titled ____________________

(1888) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAWbly.htm


• After reading the Jules Verne novel Around the World in 80 Days, Pulitzer thought it would be a good day to see if the book was right.

• Sent Bly to break the 80 day record and held a contest with readers of the New York World to guess when she would return


• Over ______________ people entered the contest

• She arrived to a large crowd with a time of

• ______________________________________________________________

William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst

• Attended Harvard• Business manager of a humor magazine, the

______________.• He gave parties causing difficulties with school

authorities• He finally left Harvard by request1

William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst

• Father accepts the ____________________ as payment for a gambling debt and gives it to William in 18876

• Hearst brings writers such as Ambrose Bierce, Stephen Crane, _______________, Richard Harding Davis and ______________ with him

• They bring crusades, scoops, and sensational stories to San Francisco1

Pulitzer vs. HearstPulitzer vs. Hearst

• Hearst came to New York and bought the ______________________ in 1895 for ________________ from ____________________

• Pulitzer didn’t even know it had been for sale


• Hearst wanted to have a bigger circulation than the World, which was _____________ at the time

• He bought Pulitzer’s writers away for high salaries, as well as his cartoonist _________________, artist of the famous ____________________

• Within 12 months the Journal had overtaken the World1


• To be fair, Pulitzer had originally stolen many of his staff members from other papers when he came to New York5

• Pulitzer hired more writers as well as another cartoonist, ______________, to continue “The Yellow Kid” is his newspaper• So both the Journal and the World carried the

same strip, with different cartoonists

The Yellow KidThe Yellow Kid

• The term Yellow Journalism is derived from this cartoon

• The strip used a special, non-smear yellow ink

• The kid’s jacket was always yellow

The Yellow KidThe Yellow Kid

• 1st merchandising phenomenon of the comics• _______________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

• Often used to sensationalize stories and discredit the stories of other papers

• Also used to _________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War

• ________________________- niece of the president of the insurrectionist Cuban government

• She is imprisoned in Havana• Hearst begins crusade to get her freed• Evangelina is then rescued from prison by

______________________________________• __________________________________________

__________________________________________


• News was slow• Hearst illustrator Frederic Remington in

Havana requested to come home, stating that nothing was happening

• Hearst supposedly sent a telegraph stating:• ______________________________________

______________________________________

USS MaineUSS Maine

• Battleship explodes and sinks off the coast of Havana

• Many papers counseled patience and peace

• The Journal and the World concurrently published a “suppressed cable” that said the ______________________________________________________________________


• Hearst demonstrated his love for glory over objectivity by leading a force of writers, photographers and artists to the scene of action in Cuban waters with a small fleet of steamships

• ______________________________________________________________________


• Journal circulation reached ___________ during the war, and the World was right behind them1

Journal vs. WorldJournal vs. World

• Hearst tricked Pulitzer when he ran a story in 1898 describing the death of ___________________________________


• The next day the World carried the story, adding specific dateline information to make the story more authentic.5


• Colonel Reflipe W. Thenuz

• ____________________________5


• The Journal celebrated for a month as the World maintained a “pained silence” on the blunder5

RegretsRegrets

• Pulitzer regretted the actions he had taken

• When gold began to lead to an outbreak in hostilities between Venezuela and British Guiana, Pulitzer jumped in• Pulitzer had his writers write ______________

______________________ and President Cleveland’s denouncing British policy5

RegretsRegrets

• In one editorial:• “Is the integrity of Venezuela’s ‘essential to the

integrity of our free institutions?’ . . . There is no menace to the boundary line. It is not our frontier. It is none of our business.”

• The words had come directly from the president5

• Feelings toward this calmed, and later resolved by the British

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The general public frowned upon subjective practices after a while. By 1910, circulation had dropped off very

rapidly for such papers

Newsmen and women at competing papers were amused when Hearst issued

a bulletin in 1933 that established editorial guidelines for his newsrooms

across the country6

The general public frowned upon subjective practices after a while. By 1910, circulation had dropped off very

rapidly for such papers

Newsmen and women at competing papers were amused when Hearst issued

a bulletin in 1933 that established editorial guidelines for his newsrooms

across the country6

Pulitzer-AfterPulitzer-After

• Died in ____________• Donated in will ___________________________

________________________________________

• Left funds to establish annual prizes for ________________________________________________________________________________• 1922- _____________ were added to the prizes

• Known as the ______________________

Hearst-AfterHearst-After

• US Representative from 1903-07

• 1920s-built a castle on a ______________ acre ranch at _______________________.

• At his peak he owned _________________ _________________________, along with several radio stations and movie companies6

Citizen CaneCitizen Cane

• By Orson Welles• Said to be based on Hearst’s life

• Hearst tries to shut down the film, burning negatives and having people intimidate exhibitors into refusing to show the film

It can not happen againIt can not happen again

• People are smarter

• People keep an eye on the media

• ______________________________________

It can happen againIt can happen again

• Although they can, most often pay less and less attention to news

• Therefore, ________________________ __________________________________• Rely more on opinionated reporting and

commentary to strike interests

yellow journalism when objectivity took a seat.. yellow journalism...

Documents

joseph pulitzer

journalism world

new york world

nellie bly

age of pulitzer

new york insane asylum

william randolph hearst

time machines