ying dan_692092_air journal part b
DESCRIPTION
ÂTRANSCRIPT
STUDIO AIR BYing Dan692 092
2 3
CONTENT
B2
B3
B4
CASE STUDY 1.0
CASE STUDY 2.0
TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT
B1 RESEARCH FEILD
B6
B7
B8
CASE STUDY 1.0
CASE STUDY 2.0
TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT
B5RESEARCH FEILD
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B.1 RESEARCH FEILD: PATTERNING
Pattern is often used symbolically to represent many things: people, beliefs, the natural world,
history, tradition. Colors and shapes have specific meanings, and are passed down from gener-
ation to generation. Looking back in history, the human body was perhaps the first surface that
received designed patterns1, then patterns have been introducing for covering architectural sur-
faces. Architectural patterns thus have a broad and deep lineage. In this journal patterns will be
explored in the narrow sense of patterns that used particularly in architectural designs.
During the modernism movement, the avant-garde brought up the idea of “folding in architec-
ture”, the initially faceted surfaces soon evolved into smooth nurb-surfaces. Towards the end of
the 1990s new possibilities of patterning were discovered by applying the technique of texture
mapping onto the warped nurbs. Built projects achieved these effects by projecting video images
onto curve-linear surfaces, or by embedding digital display systems within the surfaces.2 Archi-
tectural patterning had arrived within the style of parametricism which brings endless possibili-
ties and more exciting explorations to architectural design.
S-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com, 2016 <https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/7e/c6/8a/7ec68a18f6ddaf804a5a621
e1ea63ad8.jpg> [accessed 29 April 2016].
1: Patrik Schumacher, "Parametric Patterns", Architectural Design, 79 (2009), 28-41.
2: Patrik Schumacher, "Parametricism: A New Global Style For Architecture And Urban Design", Architectural Design, 79
(2009), 14-23.
3. "Cladding De Young With Patterns", Scratchcomputing.com, 2016 <http://scratchcomputing.com/about/deYoung/> [ac-cessed 29 April 2016].
6 7
B.2 CASE STUDY 1.0
M.H. de Young Museum is a redesign from the origi-
nal museum, which opened in 1895 as an outgrowth
of the California International Exposition of 1894. The
facade of the building is clad in over 162,000 square
feet of copper panels covered with abstract pixelat-
ed patterns derived from over 650MB of images.3 The
pattern was created from high-contrast digital images
which are made with photoshop, then import the im-
ages in digital design tools (grasshopper in this case)
for automated processing, where the images were
mapped onto the building surface.
The pattern consists of perforation and dimples, which
is distinguished from regular architectural surfaces. In
this section, my iterations of the original script will be
mainly focus on creating different geometry patterns
and testing different perforations and convex.
"De Young Museum", Patrick Lopez Jaimes, 2016 <http://www.patrickljaimes.com/de-young-museum/> [accessed 29 April 2016].
8 9
SPECIES 1:ORIGINAL DEFINITION
SPECIES 2:INTERPOLATE POINTS CURVE
SPECIMEN 1 SPECIMEN 3SPECIMEN 2 SPECIMEN 4
SPECIES 3:INTERPOLATE POINTS CURVE
10 11
SPECIES 4:PERFORATIONS EXPLORATIONPLANER SURFACE
SPECIES 6:PATTERN & GEOMETRY:3D PATTERNS
SPECIMEN 1 SPECIMEN 3SPECIMEN 2 SPECIMEN 4
SPECIES 5:PERFORATIONS EXPLORATIONPLANER SURFACE
12 13
SPECIES 7:PATTERN & GEOMETRY :DIMPLES
SPECIMEN 1 SPECIMEN 3SPECIMEN 2 SPECIMEN 4
My iterations are focus on the transformation from curves to planer surface to 3D patterns, instead of using image
sampler to map the pattern on to the surface, I am using graph sampler and several number sliders to change the
geometries under the same concept. The matrix above has shown how I attempted to explore from single lines to
the final geometry, where the continuity of each individual outcome can be clearly identified.
Therefore, it is important to start from a “flexible” starting point where it can add another level to complexity and
useful outcomes. Introducing different techniques such as twisting, piping, lofting, which transferring 2D patterns
to 3D patterns and generating interesting result that have design potentials.
DESIGN CRITERIA
14 15
This outcome can be considered successful be-
cause it achieve my aim of design criteria, which
is to be able to generate a series of outcomes only
through changing the lifting and shifting factors
of the points. I have created more than five similar
outcomes, but this one is the best result of them
all in terms of fabrication. In this case, my grass-
hopper definition(from a design perspective) has
the potential to make it possible to accurately fab-
ricate each panel correctly since they are all regu-
lar geometries, which can be easy to ship and to
install in the correct order on site.
SPECIMEN 11. (Species 4, Specimen 3)2. (Species 7, Specimen 4)
I used the original definition of dimples as a start-
ing point. During the process, I changed image
sampler to simple sin-graphs and move a few set
of points along Z-axis. Lofting was used to pro-
duce the final outcome. The interesting things
about this geometry is that the designer can ap-
ply different materials or patterns to each of the
convex in order to achieve individuality and save
budget by combining decoration and ornamen-
tation together, which will make client happy in a
design proposal.
SPECIMEN 2 1. (Species 3, Specimen 4)2. (Species 7, Specimen 1)
16 17
When patterns become straight lines, the possible
outcomes have been brought to another level.
The grey scale image that I used creates openings
on the facade. By adding vectors to each point, I
was be able to twist panels around in a particular
angle. The reasons why I consider this as success-
ful outcome are: first, it can be twist and change
patterns at the same time, which is what my de-
sign criteria is ain for. Second, it reminds me of
folding panels that often installed on the facade of
the building in order to achieve sustainability and
a better user experience. Each of the panels can
be individually opened to adjust the amount of
sunlight and ventilation that reaches the interior.
SPECIMEN 31. (Species 3, Specimen 1)2. (Species 4, Specimen 4)
Since the chosen research field is about pattern,
I though it would be interesting to test out some
parametric patterns and see how factors can have
a huge influence on the patterns we are trying to
create. From the picture above, we can see how
they are distinguished from each other, however,
the only difference is the “boundary surface”. This
outcome is surprisingly fit for my further detailed
design, where the same technique can be used to
produce such incredible pattern on the facades of
my design.
SPECIMEN 2 1. (Species 3, Specimen 5)2. (Species 4, Specimen 3)
18 19
B.3. CASE STUDY 2.0
Architects: Studio Gang ArchitectsLocation: 200 North Columbus Drive, ChicagoArchitect of Record: Loewenberg & AssociatesOwner: Magellan DevelopmentProject Year: 2009
Aqua is an 87-story mixed-use residential skyscraper in the Lakeshore East development in downtown Chicago, Illinois.4 The design was inspired by the striated limestone outcroppings common in the Lakes area around the site. But this sinuous shape is not just a mere formal gesture, but it is also a strategy to extend the views and maximise solar shading. The design is focus on vertical patterning technique rath-er than flat patterns on particular facade. In the section, I will produce the project using parametric tools and find a pathway of combining the techniques that I have learnt from these two case studies.
4. SUSAN DIESENHOUSE, "Work To Begin On Aqua Tower", tribunedigital-chicagotribune, 2003 <http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2007-02-28/business/0702280163_1_starwood-hotels-ho-tel-rooms-resorts-worldwide> [accessed 26 April 2016].
"Aqua Tower Awarded Skyscraper Of The Year 2009", Office-suites.com, 2016 <http://www.office-suites.com/commercialnews/aqua-tower-awarded-skyscraper-of-the-year-1800> [accessed 29 April
2016].
20 21
STEP 1:
Creating the base geometry, which is a rectangle. I
used the section and top view construction draw-
ing of the building to find out X and Y values of the
rectangle, In order to achieve the most similar re-
sult.
STEP 2:
Since I decide to use mesh technique to produce re-
verse-engineer, the next thing to do is to construct
mesh from the geometry I created.
STEP 3:
Using Import image instead of image sampler
can be handy, when I had problems that I can-
not solve. The image I have imported became a
mesh surface, which is the reason why I changed
the geometry surface into mesh simultaneously.
The image is the accurate facade image that can
be found online. I take an advantage of blurry
greyscale image, where the white part will be the
“balcony” that stick out of the facade.
STEP 4:
Using vector amplitude sets the vector length of
each point to a specific value
STEP 5:
The final step is to interpolate curve through
points and create planer surface then extrude
along Z axis. However, I faced problem where
there were repeated points on each plane, which
caused the liners connected to each other. In the
end, I used Cull Index which selects and deletes
the last points on each plane.
REVERSE-ENGINEER PROCESS
22 23
My iterations of reverse-engineer is shown in this
section, through the development, design criteria
that I selected has changed a little. My iterations
will now be focus on extrusion and twisting tech-
niques, as well as creating three dimensional pat-
terns in a vertical plan. I am also expecting to cre-
ate some iterations that can draw a link between
similar existing precedents.
B.4.TECHNIQUE DEVELOPEMNT
24 25
SPECIES 1The original definitions
Changing images and vectors
SPECIES 2 Changing primary geometry Twisting + Piping
SPECIES 3 Changing primary geometry 2.0
Using graph samplar to control both ends Piping + Extruding
B.4. TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT: ITERATIONS FOR CASE STUDY 2.0
26 27
B.4. TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT: ITERATIONS FOR CASE STUDY 2.0
SPECIES 4 Using graoh samplar for facade effections
Extruding + Planer surface
SPECIES 5 Similar to original definitionPop 2D to select points instead of Image samplarExtruding + Planer surface
SPECIES 6 Twisting and changing geometry
Extruding
28 29
The Eden project creates two large biomes, which
are Tropical biome and Mediterranean biome. In
oder to meet the needs for these two entirely differ-
ent biomes, architects will need to find new design
alternatives and technology. Each dome contains
hundreds of hexagons and pentagons, which sup-
ported by steel frame with two layers overlap. The
special design of geometry bring efficiency to the
building. The material also maximises the surface
area and minimises the complected perimeter de-
tailing. The building is moving towards environmen-
tal sustainability and building efficiency. In this case,
computerization creates a inspirational platform for
exploring geometries, also a shortcut of defining the
architecture form
SUCCESSSFUL ITERATIONS 1
http://australianarchaeology.blogspot.com.au/2013/03/carlton-brewery-archaeological.html
30 31
Designs that are using graph sampler really
demonstrate how precise every single part chang-
es along with the whole geometry. I create the
closing top end by employ the graph technique
that I have had a brief understanding from case
study 1. Later adding warp knitting mesh to the
facade in order to draw a link between the existing
building and aqua tower.
SUCCESSSFUL ITERATIONS 2
http://www.huftonandcrow.com/projects/gallery/the-gherkin/
32 33
I start off twisting around rectangle when I reach
the point where the rectangle was slightly rotated,
it reminds me of the famous absolute world tower.
So I drew lines in rhino in order to create a similar
primary geometry. Then using same rotating tech-
nique and pushed iterations to its limits. Through
the development, I gained knowledge of rotate
by using “graph sampler”, “pie”, “number sliders”,
which can be quit helpful for my future design for
part C.
SUCCESSSFUL ITERATIONS 3
http://www.theurbanaesthetic.com/photography/architecture/
34 35
B.5.PROTOTYPES
36 37
1. ROTATING PANELS TO CREATE PATTERN
Rubber bands are used as joints to keep balsa wood
panels in place. Balsa wood is light, flexible and easy to
work with since rubber bands itself cannot carry mas-
sive loads. Each panel was cut in particular shape in
oder to get the nice curvy pattern. This prototype is a
recreation of iteration that I did for case study 2, it can
be seen in a bigger scale with denser layers
38 39
The Voronoi diagram is a way of division or decompo-
sition of space. Voronoi diagram is being used so often
by architects because it produces very organic looking
patterns. I present the technique for creating orna-
mental designs using Voronoi diagrams. It is not easy
to achieve the flexibility of Voronoi. The idea of using
rubber bands to provide the flexible patterns and pins
that provide intersections and base points where “pat-
terns” can build upon. However, this prototype will
require improvements if it will be used under design
conditions where no facade is provided.
2. VORONOI
40 41
Triangles as primary geometry is made by paper. A
balance takes place between the repetitive framework
of the rectangular panels and irregular interconnec-
tions as the prototype bends. Although, paper is a
easy material to start testing with, what our detailed
design requires must be the combination of a new
material and digital design and fabrication methods.
Laser cutting allows me to have precise panels and an
accurate assemble process.
3. EMERGING PATTERNS
42 43
The patterns are creating interesting shadows on the floor
IgilThe image above is the prototype for our group’s interim proposal, where we create this sheltered space for
people with sittings instead. The material that we choose is plywood, not only because it’s flexibility, but also the
low transportation cost. However, the plain warp facade did not meet our design criteria. Through the study of
patterning and development of case study one, we agreed employ patterns onto the facades.
4. INTERIM PROPOSAL FEEDBACK ADN DEVELOPMENT
The pattern material is connected with wires. Wires cre-
ate the frameworks of the design and perforated materi-
al form different forms and directions of folding.
44 45
Rotating geometry is what I have been focus on for part B, It is interesting
to see how this technique can be achieved by cutting and folding papers,
where no separated joints were required. The complex rotation of this pro-
totype was made with only one fold in paper.
The technique is used for my individual proposal, where the rotating tun-
nel is created to framing the view and provide attractions. Paper folding
technique won’t work under the design condition,which means I will need
keep on looking for new solution of how to join each parts together.
5. ROTATING GEOMETRY 6. INDIVIDUAL PROPOSAL
46 47
Taking the opportunity and experienced laser cutting for the first time
What I found great about laser cutting are: laser cutting provides clean cut edges
without burr or dust formation and is able to cut various material thicknesses
and combinations in one operation. and it’s separated from fitted printed boards,
also there is no material deformation due to contactless material processing and
no tensioning device or protective cover necessary. Lastly, the high level of preci-
sion and positional accuracy of the cut edges is great for model making.
7. LASER CUTTING EXPERIMENT
48 49
B.6. TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL"To provide a sheltered space isolated from the manmade urban landforms for visitors to rest and get together in the middle of their journey."
50 51
52 53
Parametric design provides endless possibilities. Even in ex-
perienced hands, parametric programs can produce alarm-
ingly undisciplined results. The Harvard University histori-
an Antoine Picon, author of Digital Culture in Architecture,
observes that “the capacity of the computer to transform
almost every formal choice into a viable constructive assem-
blage reinforces the possibilities offered to the architect to
play with forms without worrying about their structural im-
plications too much.” That can sometimes be a disadvantage
that parametric design, for example, even some of the great
outcomes that I created are not suitable for precise fabrica-
tion and construction. Bigger projects would have same con-
cerns for sure in computation driven design.
LAERNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES
Through The 5 weeks learning and developing, I found
that there are more to the parametric design world that
I did not know before. Different grasshopper plug-ins,
some of them can be used to create animation, some of
them use sound captures to have affections on the design.
I am willing to develop and explore women with grass-
hopper and using the techniques that I have learnt for my
part c design.
The one thing that I found difficult is to select design crite-
ria. My criteria was not clearly shown in my iterations and
designs. Ideas tend to shift from one point to another, I
found it hard to stick with on selected criteria through my
design process. This is something that draw my attention,
hopefully, I will come up with a better design criteria and
stick to it towards the end of semester.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
54 55
B.8ALGORITHM SKETCHES
"Massive Undulating Styrofoam Cup Cloud", My Modern Met, 2012 <http://www.mymodernmet.com/profiles/blogs/tara-donovan-styrofoam-cup-sculp-
ture> [accessed 20 March 2016].
56 57
CURTAIN WALLS CONSTRUCTION DETAIL
58 59
CURTAIN WALL BUILDING PART 1 - GLASS
60 61
CURTAIN WALL BUILDING PART 2 - SPIDER FIXING AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
62 63
MESH SURFACES
64 65
WAVEBIRDE EXPERIMENT
66 67
FOLDING PANELS
68 69
BIBLIOGRAPHY
"Aqua Tower Awarded Skyscraper Of The Year 2009", Office-suites.com, 2016 <http://www.office-suites.com/
commercialnews/aqua-tower-awarded-skyscraper-of-the-year-1800> [accessed 29 April 2016]
"Cladding De Young With Patterns", Scratchcomputing.com, 2016 <http://scratchcomputing.com/about/
deYoung/> [accessed 26 April 2016]
DIESENHOUSE, SUSAN, "Work To Begin On Aqua Tower", tribunedigital-chicagotribune, 2003 <http://articles.
chicagotribune.com/2007-02-28/business/0702280163_1_starwood-hotels-hotel-rooms-resorts-world-
wide> [accessed 29 April 2016]
"De Young Museum", Patrick Lopez Jaimes, 2016 <http://www.patrickljaimes.com/de-young-museum/> [ac-
cessed 29 April 2016]
Schumacher, Patrik, "Parametric Patterns", Architectural Design, 79 (2009), 28-41.
Schumacher, Patrik, "Parametricism: A New Global Style For Architecture And Urban Design", Architectural
Design, 79 (2009), 14-23.
S-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com, 2016 <https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/7e/c6/8a/7e-
c68a18f6ddaf804a5a621e1ea63ad8.jpg> [accessed 29 April 2016]