Yom Kippurin the Ancient Near east

Background to Yom HaKippurim

Improper Worship

Figure 6 from The Signs of Sin: Seriousness of Offense in Biblical Law by J. Burnside

Individual Sins Vs.

Corporate Sins

Who isIsrael?

What’s Wrong with Sin and Impurity?

5 Types of Sin

Shagag/ShagahMa’al

Intentional sin

vs.

“unintentional” sin

Sins of Omission vs. Sins of Commission

Yom Kippur Attire

Kippur Function (on Yom Kippur)

Penetration of Impurity

Kippur Function (on Yom Kippur)

The L’Azazel Goat– The avon and

pasha are placed upon the head of the goat.

– The goat shall nasa their avonto a barren region (exile)

Two terms: salach and nasa avon/chata/pasha

What exactly does forgiveness do?Genesis 50:17-18

Exodus 21:28-32, 30:11-16Numbers 14:11-25

Summary of Kofer

• Delivery of a party from a punishment

• Dependence upon the wronged to accept it

• Mitigation of the penalty– A legally legitimate payment

• Appeasement of the injured party

• Thus peace is restored to the relationship

Sin separates you from God(regardless of

intent)

God acts to reveal our sins to us

Ignore

Rebel

Repent

Confess

Death

Karat

KippurKofer

Mitigated penalty

Forgiveness

RelationshipRestored

Kippur Function (on Yom Kippur)

The Olah rams– Connection to kipper & kofer

– Purification elements

• Our standpoint vs. Yah’s standpoint

Why Afflict One’s Being?

Rooted-in-Torah.comWisdominTorah.com

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Relationship between sin & impurity

The problem with sin (it endangers)

One man’s sin can effect the entire nation

The “nation of Israel” isn’t just made up

of people who believe

like you

What exactly does

“forgiveness” do?

Relationship between Kofer and

Kippur

Misfortune in one’s life was understood

to be a consequence

of sin