you hold in your book collection a sticker the … · claudette colvin - author: the visibility...

A Sticker

Book Colle

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that will st

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the test

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YOU HOLD IN YOUR HANDS....

The most interesting, important & influential African Americansin History

THE MOST FUN YOU WILL HAVE LEARNING ABOUT BLACK HISTORY!

LEARN HISTORY.

LIVE IN THE PRESENT.

IMPACT YOUR FUTURE.

BE INSPIRED.

PHOTO/ IMAGE CREDITS

Jackie Robinson - Author: United States Information Agency – Public Domain Henrietta Lacks - Author: Unknown, Source: Lacks Family, via The Henrietta Lacks Foundation Barack Obama - Author: The White House from Washington, DC – Public Domain Shirley Chisholm - Author: Thomas J. O’Halloran, U.S. News & World Report – Public Domain Barbara Jordan - Author: U.S. Congress, restored by Adam Cuerden – Public Domain Ron Brown - Author: United States Department of Commerce employee – Public Domain John Lewis - Author: U.S. Congress – Public Domain Condoleezza Rice - Author: United States Department of State employee – Public Domain Thurgood Marshall - Author: Okamoto, Yoichi R. (Yoichi Robert) Photographer – Public Domain Hiram Revels - Author: Mathew Brady – Public domain Patricia Roberts Harris - Author: Department of Housing and Urban Development – Public Domain Loretta Lynch - Author: United States Department of Justice – Public Domain Colin Powell - Author: John Clifton, U.S. Federal Government – Public Domain Martin Robison Delany - Author: Unknown, National Portrait Gallery, Washington – Public Domain Guion Bluford Jr. - Author: NASA – Public Domain Daniel “Chappie” James Jr.- Author: U.S. Air Force Airman or employee, U.S. Federal Govt. – Public Domain Vernon Baker - Author: U.S. Army soldier or employee, U.S. Federal Govt. – Public Domain Jesse Jackson -Author: Warren K. Leffler, U.S. News & World Report collection – Public Domain Maulana Ron Karenga - Author: Apavlo at English Wikipedia – Public Domain Richard Allen - Author: Daniel A. Payne – Public Domain Al Sharpton - Author: David Shankbone – Creative Commons License Elijah Muhammad - Author: New York World-Telegram/Sun staff photog: Wolfson, Stanley – Public Domain Harriet Tubman - Author/Artist: Horatio Seymour Squyer – Public Domain W.E.B. DuBois - Author: Unknown – Public Domain Dorothy Height - Author: Adrian Hood – Public Domain Malcolm X - Author: Herman Hiller, World Telegram staff photographer – Public Domain Fannie Lou Hamer - Author: Warren K. Leffler, U.S. News & World Report Magazine – Public Domain Sojourner Truth - Author: Unknown – Public Domain Martin Luther King, Jr. - Author: Dick DeMarsico, World Telegram staff photographer – Public Domain Claudette Colvin - Author: The Visibility Project – Public Domain Frederick Douglass - Author: Unidentified photographer – National Portrait Gallery – Public Domain Nat Turner - Author: Comic Vine – Public Domain Katherine Johnson - Author/Photographer: NASA – Public Domain George Carruthers - Author: NASA on The Commons – Public Domain Neil deGrasse Tyson - Author: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center – Public Domain Patricia Bath - Author: National Library of Medicine – Public Domain Garrett Morgan - Author: United States Department of Transportation – Public Domain Robert L. Johnson - Author: Eric Draper, employee of Executive Office of President of U.S. – Public Domain Dr. Dre - Author: Jason Persse – Creative Commons License Madame CJ Walker - Author/Photographer: Scurlock Studio, Washington, D.C. – Public Domain James Forten - Author: (Probably by) Robert Douglass Jr. - The Historical Society of PA – Public Domain William Monroe Trotter - Author: Unknown, fair use Guardian of Boston – Public Domain Langston Hughes - Author: Jack Delano, employee of U.S. Federal Government – Public Domain Toni Morrison - Author: Angela Radulescu – Creative Commons License Zora Neale Hurston - Author: Unknown - U.S. Library of Congress – Public Domain Richard Wright - Author/Photographer: Carl Van Vechten – U.S. Library of Congress – Public Domain Nikki Giovanni - Author: U.S. Air Force photo/ Airman 1st Class Stephany Miller – Public Domain Miles Davis - Author: Tom Palumbo from New York City, USA – Creative Commons License Chuck Berry - Author: Universal Attractions (management) – Public Domain Ella Fitzgerald - Author: William P. Gottlieb – U.S. Library of Congress – Public Domain Michael Jackson - Author: White House Photo Office – Public Domain Jimi Hendrix -Author: Warner/Reprise Records – Public Domain Wilma Rudolph - Author: Kasper2006 at Italian Wikipedia – Public Domain (Italy) Jim Brown - Author: Kahn’s Weiners – Public Domain Muhammad Ali - Author: PA – Source: Action Images - GNU Free Documentation License – Public Domain Jesse Owens - Author: Unknown, IOC Olympic Museum, Switzerland – Public Domain Arthur Ashe - Author: Bogaerts, Rob/Anefo - Nationaal Archief Fotocollectie Anefo – Creative Commons License Oprah Winfrey - Author: Official White House Photo by Lawrence Jackson – Public Domain Booker T. Washington - Author: Harris & Ewing collection at the Library of Congress Ida B. Wells - Author: Mary Garrity, Restored by Adam Cuerden – Public Domain Diana Ross - Author: GAC-General Artists Corporation-IMTI-International Talent Mgmt. Inc. – Public Domain Alain Leroy Locke - Author: Not stated, Source: The A.M.E. Church Review – Public Domain

Copyright ©️ 2018 African American “Build Your Own History Book” StickerBookPublishing.com

AFRICan American History Great men and women of color in US History

“SUCCESS is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome while trying to succeed.” - Booker T. Washington

As you can imagine, there were too many amazing people to choose from when deciding the most inspiring and influential African Americans to include in this Sticker Book edition. We hope that you enjoy it and appreciate our choices but realize you may wonder how we could leave out so many other great people - like Rosa Parks? Or Ruby Bridges, Benjamin Davis, Annie Malone, Charles Drew or Ella Baker. The list goes on and on!

In the end, we purposefully decided to choose an inspirational mix of famous people as well as those you may never have heard of, but who are equally incredible.

So please enjoy reading and learning about them, and of course, have fun sticking!

READ. LEARN. STICK. ENJOY!S A M P L E

This “Build Your Own History” Sticker Book contains some of the most interesting, important, influential and inspiring African Americans in the history of our country. Be inspired to reach your own potential and have a sticker made of you someday!

Here’s how it works: 1) Stickers come in sheets of 9... notice their different color backgrounds... 2) Each page of this sticker book has a color theme & each sticker belongs in one specific spot. 3) Play (and learn) by figuring out which sticker goes in which spot. 4) But how? For example, read a description in the DARK RED SECTION and try to match the correct DARK RED STICKER. 5) Stumped? To SEE the correct sticker, SCAN the QR Code in the “WHO AM I?” box by using a QR Reader app on a smartphone or tablet from a parent, teacher or counselor. 6) NOW PLACE THE STICKER OVER THE BOX THAT SAYS: WHO AM I? 7) Your Sticker Book is almost complete when all “Who Am I?” spots are filled in... 8) It’s time to put your own PICTURE in now! Put your school picture or another favorite picture of yourself in the open spot in the upper right hand corner of this page. 9) Congratulations, you have “Built Your Own History Book!”

Born: 1919 in Georgia. Died: 1972

First African American to play in Major League Baseball, breaking the “color barrier.”

Brooklyn Dodgers’ owner Branch Rickey signed him knowing that he would have to face a great deal of racial abuse while asking him to have“guts enough not to fight back.”

Was the first black player inducted into the MLB Hall of Fame in 1962 & his number #42 was retired by all teams.

He was a key figure in the Civil Rights Movement and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Said: “A life is not important except in the impact it has on other lives.”

Your Own

Short Bio

Goes Here

Born: 1920 in Roanoke, VA Birth name: Loretta Pleasant Died: 1951

Tissue samples were taken without her permission, one of which had cancer, have been called the “HeLa immortal cell line,” and are still being used in biomedical research today.

Her cells are widely recognized for their valuable contribution to medical research, but her life also brings up the important issue of consent and patient privacy.

Has had great importance to medicine for the many people she has helped.

Words on her gravestone, written by her grandchildren, read: “Here lies Henrietta Lacks (HeLa). Her immortal cells will continue to help mankind forever.”

PLACE YOUR

PICTURE HERE.

YES... LITERALLY BE PART OF YOUR OWN

African AmericanHISTORY BOOK

<<==

Name: ______________________

Age & Grade: ________________

Favorite Subject: _____________

Favorite Sports/Hobby: ________

___________________________

Person I most admire: _________

___________________________

What I want to be when I grow up:

___________________________

( PLACE STICKER HERE )

WHO AM I ?Using the info to the right

===>>figure out which

sticker goes in this spot.

for a hint, scan the QR code below:






We welcome you to enjoy this sticker book which celebrates some of the most important, influential and inspirational African Americans in history. Every one of them is unique and special, so while we honor them and their achievements, it is equally important to acknowledge the challenges and struggles many endured on their way to greatness. Having to overcome many obstacles and being treated unfairly didn’t stop them though, it only made them stronger. We are truly humbled by their perseverance, in awe of their contributions and inspired by their spirit. We honor their greatness, and hope you will as well.

S A M P L E

Born: 1924 in Brooklyn, NY. Died: 2005

Before politics she was a school teacher and director of a Child Care Center.

She was elected to Congress in 1968 and served seven (yes 7!) terms in House of Representatives.

Worked on Education and Labor Committees and helped form the Black Caucus.

Became the first African American, man or woman, from a major political party to run for US President (1972).

Said: “In the end, anti-black, anti-female, and all forms of discrimination are equivalent to the same thing - anti-humanism.”

Born: 1941 Washington D.C. Died: 1996

Was the Chairperson for the Democratic National Committee in 1989.

Became the U.S. Secretary of Commerce under President Bill Clinton, the first African American to serve in that position.

Was in U.S. Army and served in South Korea and Germany.

Was Chief Counsel for Senate Judiciary Committee under Senator Kennedy.

Two awards have been named in his honor and he received the National Medal of Technology and Innovation.

Said: “Great teams work harder after a tough loss.”

Born: 1940 in Alabama

He was one of the “Big 6” Civil Rights leaders in the 1960s and led the “Bloody Sunday” demonstration.

Elected to Congress in 1986 where he has called for healthcare reform, measures to fight poverty & improving education, but most importantly, oversaw many important renewals of the Voting Rights Act.

Helped publish a trilogy (3) of graphic novels to inspire younger people to be active in the Civil Rights Movement called March - the 3rd book won the National Book Award.

Received Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Said: “Never give in. Never become hostile...Hate is too big a burden to bear.”

Born: 1936 Houston, Texas. Died: 1996

Before politics, she was a teacher & lawyer.

Was the first African American congress- woman to come from the deep south and 1st woman elected to the Texas Senate.

She helped pass Texas’ 1st minimum wage law.

Made national spotlight during Water gate scandal as House Judiciary member.

In 1992, despite being in poor health, she gave powerful speech at Democratic National Convention, rallying crowd.

Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Said: “We, as human beings, must be willing to accept people who are different from ourselves.”

POLITICAL LEADERS

“Success isn’t about how much money you make, it’s about the difference you make in people’s lives.”

- Michelle Obama

Born: 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii

Did you know his name means “one who is blessed” in Swahili?

Served 2 terms as 44th President of the United States, the 1st African American.

He advocated for healthcare for all Americans signing the Affordable Care Act, known as Obamacare, into law.

He published his autobiography: Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance and The Audacity of Hope.

Recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize & was twice TIME Person of the Year.

Said: “Change will not come if we wait for some other person or some other time. We are the ones we’ve been waiting for. We are the change that we seek.”

















WHO AM I ?Using the info to the left

<<===figure out which



S A M P L E

Born: 1908 Baltimore, MD. Died: 1993

Introduced to law by his dad who listened to court cases and then would discuss the lawyer’s arguments with his sons.

Graduated magna cum laude from Howard Univ. after being rejected from first law school he applied to due to race.

Victorious lawyer in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education.

Worked for National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Was the first African American to serve on the US Supreme Court, the nation’s highest court of law.

Said: “In recognizing the humanity of our fellow beings, we pay ourselves the highest tribute.”

Born: 1959 Greensboro, North Carolina

Born into a family involved in the Civil Rights Movement.

Was successful lawyer at a NY law firm, then prosecutor for U.S Attorney team after earning her degree at Harvard Law.

President Barack Obama made her U.S Attorney General, the first African American woman to hold that position.

Noted for her professionalism and her ability to always remain calm & focused.

Said: “Voting is how we participate in a civic society - be it for president, be it for a municipal election. It’s the way we teach our children - in school elections - how to be citizens, and the importance of their voice.”

Born: 1924 in Illinois. Died: 1985

First African American woman to serve in a cabinet position, as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

Served on her school’s NAACP board at Howard University and also on those at IBM and Chase Manhattan Bank.

Appointed by President John F. Kennedy, she was the co-chair of the National Women’s Committee for Civil Rights.

Appointed by Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson as the U.S. Ambassador to Luxembourg.

Demanded the best from herself and from others.

Said: “If my life has any meaning at all, it is that those who start out as outcasts can wind up as being part of the system.”

Born: 1954 in Birmingham, Alabama Earned Ph.D in International Studies.

Was key figure as special assistant to President George H.W. Bush during the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the German reunification.

Became National Security Advisor, the first African American woman (and only 2nd woman) to serve in that position.

Was first African American woman to serve as U.S Secretary of State (2005-09).

Has written a number of books including No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington.

Said: “The day has to come when it’s not a surprise that a woman has a powerful position.”

GOVERNMENTLEADERS

“Sometimes history takes things into its own hands.” - Thurgood Marshall





















Born: 1827 North Carolina. Died: 1901

Minister of African Methodist Episcopal Church and known as a great speaker.

Organized 2 African American regiments for the Union Army during the Civil War.

Was first African American to serve in the United States Senate where he fought for Civil Rights, including school and workplace integration for black students and workers.

Was praised for his speeches and strong diplomacy in a tense political enviroment.

Said: “I am true to my own race. I wish to see all done that can be done for their encouragement, to assist them in acquiring property, in becoming intelligent, enlightened, useful, valuable citizens.”

S A M P L E

Born: 1937 in Harlem, New York Became commander of his ROTC unit in college which gave his life its direction.

Awarded 11 military decorations such as the Purple Heart, the Bronze Star and the Soldier’s Medal.

Served as national security advisor under President Ronald Reagan.

Appointed to Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by President George H.W. Bush, the first African American officer to receive this title; then served as Secretary of State.

Began program called America’s Promise to help kids, schools & communities.

Said: “There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning from failure.”

Born: 1812 in W. Virginia, into slavery Died: 1885

Became one of the highest-ranking African Americans in the military as a Major in the Civil War.

Led the Vigilance Committee that helped to relocate escaped slaves.

Joined the militia in Pittsburgh to help protect African Americans from attacks.

He founded The Mystery, an African American newspaper.

Traveled to Africa in the 1850s to negotiate land for freed slaves to return to Africa.

Said: “If we treated everyone we meet with the same affection we bestow upon our favorite cat, they, too, would purr.”

Born: 1942 in Philadelphia, PA Went to Air Force Institute of Technology & has degree in aerospace engineering.

Flew 144 combat missions in Vietnam war; he was awarded Vietnam Cross of Gallantry.

In 1979, became an astronaut for NASA & was a specialist on space shuttle Challenger, becoming the first African American to travel in space, spending a total of 688 hours in space.

Inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame & U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame.

“I felt an awesome responsibility, and took the responsibility very seriously, being a role model and opening another door for black Americans, but the important thing is not that I’m black, but that I did a good job as a scientist and an astronaut.”

Born: 1920 in Pensacola, FL. Died: 1978

During World War II, was an instructor for the all-black 99th Pursuit Squadron.

In the Korean War, he flew more than 100 combat missions and in the Vietnam War, he flew 75 missions.

He received the Distinguished Service Medal and the George Washington Freedom Foundation Medal in 1967 & 1968.

Was first African American to become a Four-Star General.

Became commander of NORAD/ADCOM at the Peterson Air Base in Colorado.

Said: “The power of excellence is over- whelming. It is always in demand, and nobody cares about its color.”

Born: 1919 in Wyoming. Died: 2010

U.S. Army officer who received the Medal of Honor, the highest military award given by US Govt for his bravery during World War II.

Was awarded medals after study by U.S. Army showed total racial discrimination in awarding medals during World War II (no Medals of Honor were given to black American soldiers who served in WWII).

Also received the Silver Star, Bronze Star Medal and the Purple Heart.

His Medal of Honor reads (abbreviated): “For extraordinary heroism in action… (he) demonstrated outstanding courage … (his) leadership were an inspiration to his men and exemplify the highest traditions of the Armed Forces.”

MILITARY LEADERS

“Find the good. It’s all around you. Find it, showcase it, and you’ll start believing in it.”

- Jesse Owens





















S A M P L E

Born: 1941 in Greenville, SC

Interested in religion and God at young age, he got degree at Chicago Theological Seminary and later became a reverend.

He experienced segregation from an early age being part of civil rights demonstrations, marching with Martin Luther King Jr. in Alabama & he was present during MLK’s assassination.

Founded National Rainbow Coalition pushing for the advancement of African Americans, women and the LGBT community.

Was only 2nd African American ever to run for President, a historic campaign.


Said: “Never look down on anybody unless you’re helping him up.”

Born: 1941 in Maryland (Birth name Ronald McKinley Everett)

Was active in the Civil Rights movement.

Changed his first name to mean “master teacher” and his last name to mean “keeper of tradition” in Swahili-Arabic.

Created Kwanzaa, a pan-African holiday based around African agricultural activities calling on African Americans to embrace and celebrate their culture.

He has published many books, including Kwanzaa: A Celebration of Family, Community and Culture.

Said: “It is Martin (Luther) King who taught that a real moral struggle seeks to win partners, not to leave victims.”

Born: 1760 Philadelphia, PA. Died: 1831

Bought his freedom for $2,000 in 1783; his “Manumission” (slave becoming free) document was first on public record.

He founded “Free African Society,” a non-denominational religious group with Reverend Absalom Jones.

He and other Methodists founded Bethel Church, an African American Episcopal church that met in an old blacksmith’s shop which was a stop along the Underground Railroad.

First African American ordained in the ministry of Methodist Episcopal Church.

Said: “Just learn from your mistakes...and forgive yourself...and better yourself.”

Born: 1954 in Brooklyn, NY Became ordained minister at age 10.

Founded the National Youth Movement.

Sometimes he’s politically incorrect in his activism, including once even being found guilty of slander. He ignores the critics and the damage to his reputation... by just doing what he believes in.

He has led many protests against the injustice African Americans face & has stood up to the mistreatment they’ve endured due to their race.

Hosts PoliticsNation on MSNBC and has his own radio show Keepin’ it Real.

Said: “The dream was not to put one black family in the White House, the dream was to make everything equal in everybody’s house.”

RELIGIOUS & SPIRITUAL

LEADERS“The time is always right to do what is right.”

- Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.





















Born: 1897 in Georgia (Birth name Robert Poole) Died: 1975

Witnessed violence and prejudice against blacks at young age.

Met and followed Wallace D. Fard who was preaching a new form of the Islam religion to fit African American’s lives.

Joined a group of followers where they established the Temple of Islam No. 2 in Chicago as their new headquarters.

Put in prison for evading the draft where he met prominent follower Malcolm X.

Had many commercial enterprises, like popular newspaper Muhammad Speaks.

Said: “Love of self comes first. The one who loves everybody is the one who does not love anyone.”

S A M P L E

Born: 1822 in Maryland. Died: 1913, buried with military honors.

Leader of the Underground Railroad, she risked her own life to lead hundreds of families out of slavery to safety in North.

Served as nurse and spy during Civil War and was also first woman to lead an armed expedition - the Combahee River Raid - freeing over 700 slaves in SC.

After the Civil War, she helped poor former slaves and the elderly, always giving more than she had.

Endured brutal physical punishment & nicknamed “Moses” for her leadership.

Said: “I had reasoned this out in my mind, there was one of two things I had a right to, liberty or death; if I could not have one, I would have the other.”

Born: 1868 in Massachusetts. Died: 1963 W.E.B. = William Edward Burghardt

Was first African American to earn a Ph.D from Harvard.

Co-founded National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

He rose to prominence due to his public opposition to Booker T. Washington’s “Atlanta Compromise.”

He published a collection of 14 essays in 1903, The Souls of Black Folk.

Also strong supporter of women’s rights.

Died one day before MLK gave his “I Have a Dream” speech in 1963.

Said: “The cost of liberty is less than the price of repression.”

Born: 1912 Richmond, VA. Died: 2010

A great orator, she spoke out against lynchings, earning a college scholarship.

Directed racial integration of all YMCA facilities and founded the YMCA Center for Racial Justice.

Served as president of the National Council of Negro Women.

Pres. Obama called her “The godmother of Civil Rights Movement.” She was also on front lines of the women’s movement.

Helped organize march on Washington at which MLK gave “I Have a Dream” speech. Was awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Said: “Without community service, we would not have a strong quality of life.”

Born: 1917 in Mississippi. Died: 1977 The youngest of 20 children, she worked in the fields starting at age 6 and at age 12 dropped out of school to farm full time. Attended protest meeting encouraging African Americans to vote in 1962 but when she went to courthouse to register, was opposed by police, changing her life. Kicked off her plantation for registering to vote, she became an activist & inspired other African Americans to vote, focusing on poor and minority populations.

She worked with Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (students protesting injustice) and was often met with violence, even facing physical abuse. Said: “When I liberate myself, I liberate others. If you don’t speak out, ain’t nobody going to speak out for you.”

CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVISTS &

LEADERS“Hate is too great a burden to bear. It injures the hater more than it injures the hated.” - Coretta Scott King





















Born: 1925 Nebraska. Assassinated: 1965

Exposed to racial violence from young age, which included having his family’s house set on fire & firemen refusing to help put it out.

Committed crimes & was sent to prison where he read and educated himself.

Became a leader in the Nation of Islam (growing it from 400 to 40,000 followers), founding temples and becoming a minister in multiple northeast cities.

His philosophy was opposite MLK - he encouraged African Americans to rise up & stand in defiance, even using violence, a technique earning him strong critics.

Said: “Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today.”

S A M P L E

Born: 1797 in New York, into slavery (Birth name Isabella Baumfree) Died: 1883

Abolitionist and women’s right’s activist. Escaped slavery with her infant daughter.

Took her case to court when her son was sold, one of the first times an African American woman challenged a white man in a U.S. Court.

Gave the speech “Ain’t I a Women?” at the Women’s Rights Convention and toured the country speaking about human rights. During the Civil War, she helped recruit African American troops for Union Army & even met with President Lincoln.

Was outspoken opponent of capital punishment. Said: “Truth is powerful and it prevails.”

Born: 1929 Atlanta, GA. Assassinated: 1968 Most prominent leader of the Civil Rights Movement, he gained huge national recognition by the mid 1960s.

His father & grandfather were ministers.

Led Montgomery Bus Boycott, in support of Rosa Parks, which lasted 382 days.

He followed Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violent protest - for instance, encouraging student “sit ins.”

Organized march in Washington D.C. to ask for change, where he delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech to over 200,000.

Said: “The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.”

Born: 1800 in Virginia. Died: 1831 His owner allowed him to be educated in reading, writing and religion.

A deeply religious man, he had spiritual visions of a violent conflict between black and white spirits.

Recruited other slaves to rise up in rebellion against their owners and went on a violent killing spree offensive.

Revolt was met by armed white men & he was captured and brought before a judge & hanged with co-conspirators.

His rebellion caused fear among white southerners which temporarily ended the emancipation movement placing stricter laws on slaves.

Took many years for people to eventually regard him as a hero.

Born: 1939 in Montgomery, Alabama At 15, she was arrested after refusing to give up her seat on to a white woman (9 months prior to Rosa Parks); her case helped lead to Montgomery Bus Boycott.

“I felt like Sojourner Truth was pushing down on one shoulder & Harriet Tubman was pushing down on the other—saying, ‘Sit down girl!’ I was glued to my seat.”

Her case was also key to the Browder v. Gayle court case that ruled segregated buses were unconstitutional.

She doesn’t get much recognition in the civil rights movement but she was a feisty young woman who took a strong stand.

Said: “I knew then and I know now, when it comes to justice, there is no easy way to get it.”

Born: 1818 in Maryland. Died: 1895 Despite being born into slavery, he was taught to read & write by his owner’s wife.

American abolitionist, suffragist, author, editor, orator and diplomat.

Made many attempts to escape slavery and once successful, led abolitionist movement.

He gave many anti-slavery speeches at abolitionist meetings and was also very outspoken on the issue of woman’s rights.

He served as ambassador to Dominican Republic and consul-general to Republic of Haiti.

He was the first African-American to run for Vice President of the U.S.

Said: “If there is no struggle, there is no progress.”

What are civil rights? Civil rights include freedom of speech, the right to vote, freedom from involuntary servitude (slavery) and the right to equality in public places.

After the Civil War and leading up to the 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964, amendments to our Constitution abolished slavery, gave citizenship to former slaves and said all men had the right to vote. But many,mostly southern states, used methods to make voting more difficult, like poll taxes. These particularly hurt poorer African Americans. Some states used “Jim Crow” laws giving state and local government theright to enforce racial segregation.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (enacted on July 2, 1964 by the 88th US Congress) is the landmark civil rights and US labor law that Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. This important act Officially ended segregation in public places such as public schools and banned employment discrimination.

First proposed by President John F. Kennedy, The Civil Rights Act of 1964, despite some strong opposition, was eventually signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson.


























S A M P L E

Born: 1918 in West Virginia

Physicist & mathematician who greatly contributed to the U.S. space and aeronautical programs.

Basically worked as a “human computer” (person who checks math calculations) for NASA - her team was responsible for getting Americans to (& back from) space.

Her calculations of rocket trajectories & emergency return paths were so exact that Astronaut John Glenn would refuse to fly until she had verified them.

When Apollo 13 had difficulties in space, she helped it safely return to Earth.

Portrayed in 2016 film Hidden Figures.

Said: “You are no better than anyone else, and no one is better than you.”

Born: 1939 in Cincinnati, OH

He built his first telescope when he was 10, winning 1st place at school’s science fair.

He has masters degree in nuclear engineering and a Ph.D. in aeronautical & astronautical engineering.

Invented the UV Camera/Spectrograph, which was placed on the moon as an observatory by Apollo 16 astronauts.

Awarded NASA’s Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal and is in the National Inventor’s Hall of Fame.

Also invented a camera that was used in the 1991 space shuttle mission.

Helped create the Science & Engineers Apprentice Program, encouraging high school students to get more involved in science.

Born: 1958 in New York City At 9, was inspired by field trip to Hayden Planetarium at the Museum of Natural History. He has a physics degree & a doctorate in astrophysics.

He left Pluto out of his renovated Planetarium in 2000, calling it a dwarf planet; the International Astronomical Union agreed with his determination.

Has written books to educate everyday people on astronomy, including Death by Black Hole And Other Cosmic Quandaries.

He made TV appearances to discuss astronomy, explaining complex ideas with a sense of humor and great clarity.

Said: “Curious that we spend more time congratulating people who have succeeded than encouraging people who have not.”

Born: 1942 in Harlem, New York At 16, went to cancer research workshop, & decided to pursue medical degree.

Got a fellowship in Ophthalmology (medicine dealing with disorders and diseases of the eye) at Columbia Univ.

Discovered African Americans were twice as likely to suffer from blindness.

First African American to complete residency in Ophthalmology in 1973.

Invented the Laserphaco Probe, a laser tool for a less painful and more precise treatment of cataracts.

First African American female doctor to receive a patent for medical tool.

Said: “Remember that the limits of science are not the limits of imagination.”

Born: 1877 in Kentucky. Died: 1963

He created a hair-refining chemical that brought him success & financial stability.

Invented a device that allowed people to breathe more easily in smoke, gas, or other pollution. But because of racial tensions, he hired a white man to pose as the inventor, which helped him sell much more of his product.

During an accidental explosion, he & his brother put on the masks & rescued 2 people but were never recognized.

Invented the modern-day traffic light & sold idea to General Electric for $40,000.

Community supporter & NAACP member.

Said: “If you can be the best, then why not try to be the best?”

INVENTORS & SCIENTISTS

“Never be limited by other people’s limited imaginations.”

- Dr. Mae Jemison





















S A M P L E

Born: 1965 in Compton, CA (Birth name Andre Romelle Young) Top record producer, accomplished rapper & successful music industry entrepreneur.

Founder and CEO of Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics. Was previous co-owner of, and recording artist for, Death Row records.

Has overseen careers of Snoop Dogg, Eminem and 50 Cent, among others.

Known as a perfectionist, he pressures artists to give flawless performances.

Became “richest man in Hip-Hop” when Apple purchased his company, Beats Headphones, in 2014.

Said: “I’m never gonna stop music, it’s like air to me.”

Born: 1867 in Louisiana. Died: 1919 (Birth name Sarah Breedlove)

When she became sick with a condition that made her lose most of her hair, she began experimenting with ways to get her hair to grow back.

Opened a beauty school and factory and then a manufacturing company which was very successful. Sales women she trained became well-known for her philosophy of cleanliness and loveliness.

Became involved in philanthropy in NYC.

One of the 1st black women to become a self-made millionaire, her business was worth over $1 million when she died.

Said: “If I have accomplished anything in life it is because I have been willing to work hard.”


Became apprentice sailmaker at only 8, then became a foreman & took over when the business owner stepped down.

Refused to put sails on any ships that were involved in the slave trade.

Joined the Continental Navy during the Revolutionary War at age 15.

Devoted his life to advocating for the abolishment of slavery & for civil rights for African Americans; he also strongly supported women’s suffrage.

Helped write petition to Congress, calling for emancipation of all slaves.

Said: “It seems almost incredible that the advocates of liberty should conceive of the idea of selling a fellow creature to slavery.”

Born: 1872 in Ohio. Died: 1934

Attended Harvard and became the first African American to be a member of the Phi Beta Kappa honor fraternity.

Advocate for African American rights but opposed Booker T’s philosophies of blacks pursuing vocational education and agricultural work.

Co-founded Boston Literary & Historical Assoc., co-founded Guardian newspaper & co-established National Negro Suffrage League.

Refused to be a part of the NAACP due to their all-black ideas, instead running the National Equal Rights League.

Stowed away to attend Paris Peace Conference in 1919 after President Wilson refused to send a black delegate.

BUSINESS LEADERS

“The cost of liberty is less than the price of repression.”- W.E.B. Du Bois

Born: 1946 in Mississippi

He has a masters degree in International Affairs.

With his wife, he founded the 1st cable TV network specifically targeting African Americans, called Black Entertainment Television, which reaches many millions of homes.

Made history by becoming first African American owned company to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

In 2000, his network was purchased by Viacom for more than $1 billion dollars though he continued as CEO.

Was first African American to become a billionaire.

Said: “The world is run by those who show up.”





















S A M P L E

Born: 1902 in Missouri. Died: 1967

Poet, novelist and a playwright who focused on African American themes.

Said Carl Sandburg and Walt Whitman were primary influences in his early life.

After dropping out of Columbia, he worked as a steward on a freighter.

Helped create a new type of art form called “jazz poetry.”

He wrote his most famous poem called The Negro Speaks of Rivers at only 17.

Said the success of his musical Street Scene allowed him to buy his house in Harlem.

Said: “Hold fast to dreams, for if dreams die, life is a broken-winged bird that cannot fly.”

Born: 1931 in Ohio Pulitzer & Nobel Prize-winning writer.

Wasn’t aware of country’s racial division growing up in integrated neighborhood.

As a writer, she’s best known for her deep look into the “black experience” and more specifically that of black women.

Her book Beloved, about an African American slave during the Civil War, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.

Her controversial book Song of Solomon was banned in a number of schools; its content made some uneasy.

She also wrote some children’s books with her son Slade.

Said: “If there is a book that you want to read, but it hasn’t been written yet, you must be the one to write it.”

Born: 1891 in Alabama. Died: 1960

She is the daughter of two former slaves: John Hurston and Lucy Ann Hurston.

Worked on a play called Mule-Bone: A Comedy of Negro Life....

Her most famous work is Their Eyes Were Watching God and was made possible due to her Guggenheim fellowship.

Fellow author Alice Walker (author of A Color Purple) called her “A Genius of the South.”

Wrote: “I have been in Sorrow’s kitchen and licked out all the pots. Then I have stood on the peaky mountain wrapped in rainbows, with a harp and sword in my hands.”

Born: 1908 in Mississippi. Died: 1960 Author best known for the classics Black Boy and Native Son, he often wrote on controversial topics like race relations.

Was an avid reader but since blacks were forbidden to check out books, he forged notes to be able to use his white co- worker’s library card. The Book-of-the-Month Club chose his Native Son, making it the first book by a black writer ever selected. Joined the Communist party due to his frustration with American capitalism, probably having alot to do with his own experiences during the Depression.

Wrote: “The impulse to dream was slowly beaten out of me by experience. Now it surged up again and I hungered for books, new ways of looking and seeing.”

Born: 1943 in Tennessee She is one of the most well known African American poets, in both written word (book) and spoken word.

Her works were greatly influenced by the civil rights movement and the black power movement.

She focuses on social concerns and race, often in a powerful and militant style... but also known for writing about kids topics too.

Her list of awards is huge, including the Langston Hughes Medal & the NAACP Image Award.

She has appeared in Soul, an African American Arts and culture show.

Said: “Mistakes are a fact of life. It is the response to the error that counts.”

AUTHORS, POETS &

PLAYWRIGHTS “You may not control all the events that happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them.” - Maya Angelou





















S A M P L E

Born: 1917 in Virginia. Died: 1996

Made her singing debut at age 17 at the Apollo Theater in NYC.

American jazz singer - called the First Lady of Song, Queen of Jazz & Lady Ella.

She was noted for her purity of tone, perfect diction and having a “horn-like” improvisational ability, particularly with her scat style singing.

Worked with the greats Louis Armstrong & Duke Ellington over 60+ year career.

Recorded over 2,000 songs in her lifetime and won 13 Grammy Awards.

Was a civil rights activist who used her fame and success to break racial barriers across the nation, being awarded the NAACP Equal Justice Award.

Born: 1926 in St. Louis, MO. Died: 2017 Guitarist, singer/songwriter & overall entertainer, he’s one of the pioneers and greatest influencers of rock & roll music.

Wrote songs like “Johnny B. Goode” that included guitar solos and plenty of opportunity for showmanship.

His 3 essentials of rock music: have total swagger, focus on the guitar riff & focus on the songwriting as storytelling.

Epic in his showmanship, his one-legged hop routine known as the “duck walk” is still used by guitarists today.

Upon its 1986 opening, he was among 1st inductees into Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.

Beatles legend John Lennon said: “If you tried to give rock and roll another name, you might call it ‘Chuck Berry’.

Born: 1958 in Indiana. Died: 2009 Singer, songwriter, and dancer called the “King of Pop,” he was one of the most popular entertainers in the world.

His 1982 album Thriller is the #1 best-selling album of all time (over 65 million copies sold around the world).

Began his career as lead vocals in group called the “Jackson 5” with his 4 brothers.

He is widely recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time, winning 13 Grammy Awards.

He didn’t invent but hugely popularized the dance step called the “Moonwalk,” where the dancer moves backwards but seems to be walking forward. Traveled the world for humanitarian events & supported dozens of charities.

Born: 1942 in Seattle, WA Died: 1970

His 1st instrument was a 1-string ukulele he found in some garbage, followed by an electric guitar he got for $5.

Was a U.S. Army paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division but wasn’t much for the military; given honorable discharge.

Considered the greatest rock guitarist of all time, was also a singer & songwriter.

Was influenced & inspired by B.B. King, Little Richard, Chuck Berry and Elvis.

As the creator of the sound effects of distortion & using the “wah-wah,” he completely changed rock & roll’s sound.

The Jimi Hendrix Experience was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992 & is also in the R&B Hall of Fame.

ARTISTS & ENTERTAINERS

“Racism is not an excuse to not do the best you can.” - Arthur Ashe





















Born: 1926 in Illinois. Died: 1991 He played the trumpet, piano, flugelhorn, organ & synthesizer but best known as a jazz trumpeter; he was also a composer.

Called the “Picasso of Jazz,” he’s among the most influential & important figures in the history of jazz & 20th century music overall.

His album “Kind Of Blue” (1959) is the #1 best-selling jazz album in history.

His career spanned 5 decades and he’s respected as one of the most innovative people in the history of music.

Received Hollywood Walk of Fame Star & inducted into Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.

Received Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award (1990) after 32 nominations and 8 Grammy Awards over 30 years.

S A M P L E

Born: 1940 in Tennessee. Died: 1994 Born prematurely and survived many childhood illnesses including scarlet fever, pneumonia and polio. A world-record-holding sprinter, she was considered the fastest woman in the world. Because of TV coverage, she became a well known figure worldwide in track & field following her success in the 1956 Olympic Games (at only 16); she then won 3 Gold medals in the 1960 Rome Olympics. Was a great role model for black female athletes, overcoming serious adversities to achieve greatness. Was a pioneer of women’s & civil rights. Said: “I believe in me more than anything in this world.”

Born: 1936 in Georgia Earned All-America honors playing college football at Syracuse University. Had 9 year career in the NFL with the Cleveland Browns, where he led them to an NFL Championship in 1964 & won the NFL’s Most Valuable Player Award 3 times. Inducted into Pro Football Hall of Fame. Has been in over 30 movies including The Dirty Dozen, acting for over 50 years. Started organization called Vital Issues (now Amer-I-Can) to help prison inmates & inner-city gang members gain life skills. His Black Economic Union helped assist African American-owned businesses. Said: “Success is not only for the elite. Success is there for those who want it, plan for it, and take action to achieve it.”

Born: 1913 in Alabama. Died: 1980

Was a track & field star athlete who won 4 Gold medals at 1936 Olympics in Berlin, Germany, setting 3 world records.

His incredible Olympic success is credited with crushing Hitler’s myth of Aryan supremacy, who afterwards even suggested black atheletes shouldn’t be allowed to compete.

Made part of “Olympic Order” for his fight against racism at the 1936 Games.


Said: “The battles that count aren’t the ones for gold medals. The struggles within yourself - the invisible, inevitable battles inside all of us - that’s where it’s at.”

Born: 1943 Richmond, VA. Died: 1993

He was the first African American tennis player ever selected to be on the U.S. Davis Cup team.

Won 3 Grand Slams of tennis, the only African American man to win a singles title at the US Open, Wimbledon & the Australian Open.

Contracted HIV from a blood transfusion during heart surgery; bravely started a foundation to help fight AIDS, by raising awareness to educate yourself about the virus and learn about protecting oneself.


Said: “Success is a journey, not a destination. The doing is often more important than the outcome.”

Born: 1942 in Kentucky. Died: 2016 Born as Cassius Clay but he converted to Islam & changed his name. Outspoken but adored pro boxer whose strong personality also made him a very controversial figure in boxing ring & out.

Won Gold in 1960 Olympics in Rome.

Set example of strong African American pride & resistance to white domination during 1960s Civil Rights Movement.

Refused U.S. military service, citing his religious beliefs & strong disapproval of the U.S. involvement in Vietnam; was arrested, found guilty & stripped of his titles but Supreme Court overturned it.

Said: “He who is not courageous enough to take risks will accomplish nothing in life.”

TRANSCENDENT SPORTS FIGURES

“I’ve failed over and over and over in my life. And that’s why I succeed.”

- Michael Jordan





















S A M P L E

Born: 1856 in Virginia. Died: 1915 Became an educator, author and orator who had to go to work at only 9 years old to support his poor family. His mother saw his interest in education & got him a few books, even though it was illegal to teach a slave to read and write ... but he got up every morning at 4am to study! Once walked 500 miles to Virginia to attend Agriculture school and worked as a janitor. The Headmaster noticed his perseverance & offered him a scholarship.

Had philosophy that African Americans had to prove their worth to whites.

Wrote 14 books including autobiography Up from Slavery about his personal battles.

Said: “If you want to lift yourself up, lift up someone else.”

Born: 1862 in Mississippi. Died: 1931 Journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist & an active early leader in the Civil Rights Movement.

Helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. Documented and raised awareness about lynchings in the South; she published a pamphlet entitled Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases. Similar to Rosa Parks, she was part of a court case concerning how she had refused to give up her seat on a train and was dragged off by employees, further fueling her strong convictions about civil rights.

Said: “The way to right wrongs is to turn the light of truth upon them.”

Born: 1944 in Detroit, MI Singer, songwriter and record producer.

Rose to stardom as the lead singer of the Supremes, Motown’s most legendary act & most successful vocal group in U.S. history.

She earned 18 #1 singles (6 solo and 12 as the lead singer of the Supremes)

The song Where Did Our Love Go was the Supremes’ first #1 hit and Ain’t No Mountain High Enough was her first #1 solo song.

Greatly influenced many artists including Mariah Carey, Beyoncé & Janet Jackson.

Billboard magazine named her “Female Entertainer of the Century,” she has sold over 100 million records worldwide. In Rock & Roll Hall of Fame (Supremes).

MOREEXCEPTIONAL

PEOPLE“Freedom is never given; it is won.”

- A. Philip Randolph, civil rights activist






















Author, philosopher, educator, patron of the arts and was the first African American Rhodes Scholar.

Called “Dean” of the Harlem Renaissance (known as the New Negro Movement at the time) which was a cultural, social & artistic explosion that happened in Harlem, NY in the 1920s.

He had an incredible list of published works but his book New Negro was his most important and well-known work.

A collection of writings by many African Americans, New Negro was an important work in black literature for its discussion of the potential for black equality, even being called the “first national book” of African American people.

Born: 1954 in Mississippi Media mogul, talk show host, actress, producer, author & inspiration to many... A true success story, she was born into poverty to a single teenage mom.

Best known for her talk show which was the highest-rated TV program of its kind in history; called the “Queen of all Media.”

First African American woman to receive Cecil B. DeMille award for her impact on the entertainment industry, influencing & inspiring millions around the world.

She’s not only the richest African American but is also the most giving black philanthropist in U.S. history.

Said: “The biggest adventure you can ever take is to live the life of your dreams.”

S A M P L E

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