Your “Do Now” 2/28• Get out the assignment from yesterday

(Sickle Cell)

• Work on the questions on Part C

• If done,review the stepsin Part B (what we did)

Your “Do Now” 2/28½ sheet of paper (up front)

1. What do you call making mRNA from DNA?

2. What do you call making a protein from mRNA?

3. Genes code for _________ which determine our traits

4. What do you call sets of 3 bases in mRNA?

5. What are set of 3 bases in tRNA that match-up to these?

Agenda 2/28

• Notes #4 Genetic Engineering

• Genetic Engineering

• Pros & Cons Article

Learning Target

• I can explain what genetic engineering is and its potential benefits and risks

Fact or Fiction?WOOLLY MAMMOTH

TO BE CLONEDSCIENTISTS CLONE DINOSAUR!

LAND-MINE DETECTING PLANTS CREATED

CH 12 Notes #4 Genetic Engineering

• Changing the genes (DNA) of an organism• When an organism’s DNA is changed, it makes

different proteins

TYPES OF GENETIC ENGINEERING

Recombinant DNA

• Combining pieces of DNA from different organisms

• Why do it?– Put traits you want

into an organism that doesn’t have them

• First used in the 1970’s with bacteria.

Making Recombinant DNA(not on notes)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rXizmLjegI

How can recombinant DNA be used?Examples

1. Bacteria making human insulin

2. Curing/treating genetic diseases

3. Bacteria that “eat” oil spills

More examples--

4. Plants that make pesticides

5. Better foods (more “yield”)

• 70-75% of food in supermarket is genetically modified.

What do you think about eating genetically modified foods?

(Putting DNA from one food into another)

What do you call an organism that has genes from another

organism in it?

Transgenic organisms: any organism with another organism’s DNA in it

Examples

1. Mice – used to study human immune system

2. Chickens – more resistant to infections

3. Goats, sheep and pigs – produce human proteins in their milk

4. Tomatoes —longer lasting

5. Corn –making insecticides

Human DNA in a Goat Cell

This goat contains a human gene that codes for a blood clotting agent. The blood clotting agent can be harvested in the goat’s milk.

.

Transgenic Goat(not on notes)

Add the desired DNA to an egg

cell

How to Create a Transgenic Animal

Cloning

• Making an exact copy of an organism using its DNA

Creating Dolly(not on notes—follow along)

                                       

Stage 1

Cell collected from a sheep’s udder.

Stage 2

Nucleus is removed from unfertilized egg of second sheep.

Stage 3

Udder cell is inserted into egg with no nucleus.

Stage 4

Insertion is successful.

Stage 5

Electrical charge is supplied.

Stage 6

Cells begin to divide.

Stages 7 & 8

Your “Do Now” 2/28Get out Notes #4 and be ready to answer these

questions:

1. What is genetic engineering?

2.What are 2 ways genetic engineering is used?

3. What are transgenic organisms?

4. What is cloning?

Agenda 2/28

• Finish Notes #4

• Genetic Engineering Online Exploration– I will put you in pairs today

• Share-out with the class

Summarizing Cloning Steps

1. Get a sample of an organism’s DNA

2. Insert it into an egg cell

3. Put the egg in another female

We’ve cloned sheep and other animals

Can we clone a human?

House Bill 2505Human Cloning Prohibition Act

• Prohibition on human cloning

• Criminal Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment

• Civil penalty: Minimum 1 million dollar fine

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7tbxN5uwaqA

We cannot clone humans yet…

BUT what have we done with human DNA?

The Human Genome

• “Map” of human genes (from DNA)

• Took 13 years to map all 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA

Gene Therapy

• Correcting a genetic disorder by replacing bad DNA with correct gene

Solving Crimes Getting a lot of evidence from a little bit of DNA ( PCR)

• PCR allows scientists to make many copies of a piece of DNA.

1. Heat the DNA so it “unzips”.

2. Add the complementary nitrogenous bases.

3. Allow DNA to cool so the complementary strands can “zip” together.

Gel Electrophoresis

• This technology allows scientists to identify someone’s DNA!

• Can be used to solve crimes

• OR prove paternity

Proving paternityBaby

Mom

Man 1

Man 2

Compare the bands from the baby with bands from Mom and Dad

Genetic Engineering Controversies

Possible dangers of genetic engineering in crops

• Many varieties of corn are clones of the same plant

• If a bacteria or virus infects one plant, it could kill many!

Ethical issues with human genetic engineering

• Should we be allowed to choose our baby’s traits?

• Should we be allowed to clone a person?

Genetic Engineering Reading

• Exploring the pros and cons

• HIGHLIGHT or UNDERLINE any pros or cons

• ADD to notes page

BACK OF ARTICLEQuick write

• You are 18 and going to vote for a candidate. One wants to allow all kinds of GE to be allowed and one is against and GE. Which one would you vote for and why? (back up your claim with examples)

GE Online Activity

• I will put you in partners

• Follow directions on the sheet

• Pay attention to the times on the sheet!

• Call us over if you need help

GE Online Activity Share-out

• How can genetic engineering be used in food, medicine, and other areas of life?

• What makes it controversial?