Zemax 12Optical Design ProgramUser's ManualMay 10, 2012Radiant Zemax LLCsupport@zemax.comwww.zemax.comImportant noticeZemax is a registered trademark of Radiant Zemax LLC Copyright Radiant Zemax LLC 1990-2012.All rights reserved.All other product names or trademarks are property of their respective owners.Information in this manual is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment onthe part of the vendor. The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreementand may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement.Radiant Zemax LLC (RZ) provides this publication "as is" without warranty of any kind, either expressor implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties or conditions of merchantability or fitnessfor a particular purpose. In no event shall RZ be liable for any loss of profits, loss of business, loss ofuse or data, interruption of business, or for indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages ofany kind, even if RZ has been advised of the possibility of such damages arising from any defect or errorin this publication or in the Software.3TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION Chapter 1About this document ............................................................................................................................... 39What does Zemax do?............................................................................................................................ 39What doesn't Zemax do?........................................................................................................................ 39Learning to use Zemax ........................................................................................................................... 40System requirements.............................................................................................................................. 40Multiple processor computers ..................................................................................................... 40Installation procedure.............................................................................................................................. 40Policy on the key..................................................................................................................................... 40Definition of support ................................................................................................................................ 41Getting technical support ........................................................................................................................ 41Policy on bug fixes.................................................................................................................................. 41USER INTERFACE Chapter 2Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 43Types of windows ................................................................................................................................... 43Main window operations ......................................................................................................................... 43Editor windows operations...................................................................................................................... 44Graphic windows operations................................................................................................................... 44Using the annotation feature....................................................................................................... 46Using pan and zoom................................................................................................................... 47Text windows operations ........................................................................................................................ 47Dialog operations.................................................................................................................................... 48Aborting long computations .................................................................................................................... 48Summary of useful shortcuts .................................................................................................................. 49Using the Windows clipboard.................................................................................................................. 50Zemax file types by extension................................................................................................................. 50CONVENTIONS AND DEFINITIONS Chapter 3Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 53Active configuration................................................................................................................................. 53Angular magnification ............................................................................................................................. 53Apodization ............................................................................................................................................. 53Back focal length..................................................................................................................................... 53Cardinal planes....................................................................................................................................... 53Chief ray.................................................................................................................................................. 53Coordinate axes...................................................................................................................................... 54Diffraction limited .................................................................................................................................... 54Edge thickness........................................................................................................................................ 54Effective focal length............................................................................................................................... 55Entrance pupil diameter .......................................................................................................................... 55Entrance pupil position............................................................................................................................ 55Exit pupil diameter .................................................................................................................................. 55Exit pupil position.................................................................................................................................... 55Extra data................................................................................................................................................ 55Field angles and heights......................................................................................................................... 55Float by stop size.................................................................................................................................... 55Ghost reflections..................................................................................................................................... 56Glasses................................................................................................................................................... 564Hexapolar rings....................................................................................................................................... 56Image space F/# ..................................................................................................................................... 56Image space numerical aperture (NA) .................................................................................................... 56Lens units................................................................................................................................................ 56Marginal ray ............................................................................................................................................ 56Maximum field......................................................................................................................................... 56Non-paraxial systems ............................................................................................................................. 57Non-sequential ray tracing...................................................................................................................... 57Normalized field coordinates................................................................................................................... 57Radial field normalization............................................................................................................ 57Rectangular field normalization................................................................................................... 58Normalized pupil coordinates.................................................................................................................. 59Object space numerical aperture............................................................................................................ 59Parameter data ....................................................................................................................................... 59Paraxial and parabasal rays ................................................................................................................... 59Paraxial image height ............................................................................................................................. 60Paraxial magnification............................................................................................................................. 60Paraxial working F/# ............................................................................................................................... 60Primary wavelength ................................................................................................................................ 60Radii........................................................................................................................................................ 60Real propagation..................................................................................................................................... 60Sagittal and Tangential ........................................................................................................................... 61Semi-diameters....................................................................................................................................... 61Sequential ray tracing ............................................................................................................................. 61Special characters .................................................................................................................................. 62Strehl ratio............................................................................................................................................... 62Surface apertures ................................................................................................................................... 62System aperture...................................................................................................................................... 62Tangential ............................................................................................................................................... 62Thicknesses............................................................................................................................................ 62Total internal reflection (TIR) .................................................................................................................. 62Total track ............................................................................................................................................... 62Units........................................................................................................................................................ 63Vignetting factors .................................................................................................................................... 63Virtual propagation.................................................................................................................................. 64Wavelength data..................................................................................................................................... 64Working F/#............................................................................................................................................. 64FILE MENU Chapter 4New......................................................................................................................................................... 67Open ....................................................................................................................................................... 67Save........................................................................................................................................................ 67Save As................................................................................................................................................... 67Use Session Files ................................................................................................................................... 67Backup To Archive File........................................................................................................................... 67Restore From Archive File ...................................................................................................................... 68Program Mode ........................................................................................................................................ 69Insert Lens .............................................................................................................................................. 69Preferences............................................................................................................................................. 70Address....................................................................................................................................... 70Folders ........................................................................................................................................ 70Graphics...................................................................................................................................... 71Miscellaneous ............................................................................................................................. 72Editors......................................................................................................................................... 735Printing........................................................................................................................................ 74Colors 1-12, Colors 13-24........................................................................................................... 75Buttons 1-16, Buttons 17-32, Buttons 33-48............................................................................... 75Status Bar ................................................................................................................................... 76Exit .......................................................................................................................................................... 76Recently used files.................................................................................................................................. 76EDITORS MENU Chapter 5Lens Data................................................................................................................................................ 77Inserting and deleting surfaces ................................................................................................... 77The surface number display........................................................................................................ 77Cutting, copying, and pasting surface data................................................................................. 77Entering surface comments ........................................................................................................ 78Entering radii data....................................................................................................................... 78Entering thickness data............................................................................................................... 78Entering glass data ..................................................................................................................... 78Entering semi-diameter data....................................................................................................... 78Entering conic data ..................................................................................................................... 78Entering parameter data ............................................................................................................. 78The Surface Properties dialog box.............................................................................................. 78Surface properties type tab......................................................................................................... 79Surface Type................................................................................................................... 79Surface DLL .................................................................................................................... 79Bitmap Image .................................................................................................................. 79Surface Color .................................................................................................................. 79Surface Opacity............................................................................................................... 79Row Color........................................................................................................................ 79Make Surface Stop.......................................................................................................... 79Make Surface Global Coordinate Reference................................................................... 79Surface Cannot Be Hyperhemispheric............................................................................ 79Ignore This Surface......................................................................................................... 80Surface properties draw tab........................................................................................................ 80Hide Rays To This Surface ............................................................................................. 80Skip Rays To This Surface.............................................................................................. 80Do Not Draw This Surface............................................................................................... 80Do Not Draw Edges From This Surface.......................................................................... 80Draw Local Axis............................................................................................................... 80Draw Edges As................................................................................................................ 80Mirror Substrate and Thickness ...................................................................................... 81Surface properties aperture tab .................................................................................................. 81Aperture type and other aperture controls....................................................................... 81Aperture type codes and parameters.............................................................................. 82Aperture projection on non-plane surfaces ..................................................................... 82Aperture decenters and pickups...................................................................................... 82User defined apertures and obscurations ....................................................................... 82The UDA file format ......................................................................................................... 83UDA Examples................................................................................................................ 84Surface properties scattering tab ................................................................................................ 86Surface scattering settings.............................................................................................. 86Surface tilt/decenter tab .............................................................................................................. 86Using the Coordinate Return........................................................................................... 87Surface physical optics tab ......................................................................................................... 88Surface coating tab ..................................................................................................................... 88Setting and removing solves....................................................................................................... 886Setting and removing variables................................................................................................... 88Menu options............................................................................................................................... 88Edit .................................................................................................................................. 88Solves.............................................................................................................................. 89View................................................................................................................................. 90Help................................................................................................................................. 90Merit Function ......................................................................................................................................... 90Menu Options.............................................................................................................................. 90Edit .................................................................................................................................. 90Tools................................................................................................................................ 91View................................................................................................................................. 91Help................................................................................................................................. 91Multi-Configuration.................................................................................................................................. 91Menu Options.............................................................................................................................. 91Edit .................................................................................................................................. 91Solves.............................................................................................................................. 92Tools................................................................................................................................ 92View................................................................................................................................. 93Help................................................................................................................................. 93Tolerance Data ....................................................................................................................................... 94Menu Options.............................................................................................................................. 94Edit .................................................................................................................................. 94Tools................................................................................................................................ 94View................................................................................................................................. 95Help................................................................................................................................. 95Extra Data............................................................................................................................................... 95Menu Options.............................................................................................................................. 95Edit .................................................................................................................................. 95Solves.............................................................................................................................. 95Tools................................................................................................................................ 95View................................................................................................................................. 96Help................................................................................................................................. 96Non-Sequential Components.................................................................................................................. 96Menu options............................................................................................................................... 96Edit .................................................................................................................................. 96Solves.............................................................................................................................. 97Tools................................................................................................................................ 97View................................................................................................................................. 97Help................................................................................................................................. 98NSC Editor Tools ........................................................................................................................ 98Replicate Object .............................................................................................................. 98Create Polygon Object .................................................................................................... 98Combine Objects............................................................................................................. 99Modify Reference Objects............................................................................................. 100Create Source Ray From Last Geometry Error Tool ..................................................... 100Insert/Delete Z Point Tools............................................................................................ 100Export Polar Detector Data as Source File ................................................................... 100Save Detector Data....................................................................................................... 101Load Detector Data ....................................................................................................... 101Playback ZRD on Detector............................................................................................ 101Script Object Editor ....................................................................................................... 101Ignore NSC Trace Errors............................................................................................... 101Undo, Redo, and Recover .................................................................................................................... 102Undo: None............................................................................................................................... 1027Undo: Memory 1 Step ............................................................................................................... 102Undo: Disk Multi Step................................................................................................................ 102SYSTEM MENU Chapter 6Update .................................................................................................................................................. 103Update All ............................................................................................................................................. 103General ................................................................................................................................................. 103Aperture .................................................................................................................................... 103Aperture Type................................................................................................................ 103Aperture Value .............................................................................................................. 104Apodization Type........................................................................................................... 104Uniform apodization ...................................................................................................... 104Gaussian apodization.................................................................................................... 104Cosine cubed apodization............................................................................................. 104User defined apodization............................................................................................... 105Apodization Factor ........................................................................................................ 105Telecentric Object Space .............................................................................................. 105Afocal Image Space ...................................................................................................... 105Iterate Solves When Updating....................................................................................... 106Units.......................................................................................................................................... 106Lens Units ..................................................................................................................... 106Source Units.................................................................................................................. 107Analysis Units................................................................................................................ 107Afocal Mode Units ......................................................................................................... 107MTF Units...................................................................................................................... 108Title/Notes................................................................................................................................. 108Lens Title....................................................................................................................... 108Notes............................................................................................................................. 108Glass Catalogs.......................................................................................................................... 108Ray Aiming................................................................................................................................ 108Ray Aiming.................................................................................................................... 108Use Ray Aiming Cache ................................................................................................. 109Robust Ray Aiming (slow) ............................................................................................. 109Pupil Shift, Pupil Compress........................................................................................... 109Environment .............................................................................................................................. 110Adjust Index Data To Environment................................................................................ 110Temperature in degrees C ............................................................................................ 110Pressure in ATM............................................................................................................ 110Polarization (Zemax-EE only) ................................................................................................... 110Unpolarized ................................................................................................................... 111Jx, Jy, X-Phase, Y-Phase.............................................................................................. 111Convert thin film phase to ray equivalent ...................................................................... 111Method .......................................................................................................................... 111Files........................................................................................................................................... 111Coating File ................................................................................................................... 111Scatter Profile................................................................................................................ 111ABg Data File ................................................................................................................ 111GRADIUM Profile .......................................................................................................... 112Miscellaneous ........................................................................................................................... 112Reference OPD............................................................................................................. 112Paraxial Rays ................................................................................................................ 112Semi Diameter Margin (lens units) ................................................................................ 113Semi Diameter Margin %.............................................................................................. 113Global Coordinate Reference Surface .......................................................................... 1138Method To Compute F/# ............................................................................................... 114Fast Semi-Diameters..................................................................................................... 114Check GRIN Apertures.................................................................................................. 115Turn Off Threading........................................................................................................ 115Dont Print Coordinate Break Data................................................................................ 115OPD Modulo ................................................................................................................. 115Non-Sequential ......................................................................................................................... 115Maximum Intersections Per Ray ................................................................................... 115Maximum Segments Per Ray........................................................................................ 115Maximum Nested/Touching Objects ............................................................................. 116Minimum Relative Ray Intensity.................................................................................... 116Minimum Absolute Ray Intensity................................................................................... 116Glue Distance In Lens Units.......................................................................................... 116Missed Ray Draw Distance in Lens Units ..................................................................... 116Maximum Source File Rays In Memory ........................................................................ 116Simple Ray Splitting ...................................................................................................... 116Retrace Source Rays Upon File Open.......................................................................... 117Named Filters............................................................................................................................ 117Fields .................................................................................................................................................... 117Vignetting factors ...................................................................................................................... 117Saving and loading field data.................................................................................................... 118Wavelengths ......................................................................................................................................... 118Saving and loading wavelength data ........................................................................................ 118Next Configuration ................................................................................................................................ 118Last Configuration................................................................................................................................. 118ANALYSIS MENU Chapter 7Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 119Layout ................................................................................................................................................... 1192D Layout.................................................................................................................................. 1193D Layout.................................................................................................................................. 120The orientation indicator................................................................................................ 121Ray errors...................................................................................................................... 122Configuration data......................................................................................................... 122Raylist file format ........................................................................................................... 122Shaded Model ........................................................................................................................... 122Zemax Element Drawing........................................................................................................... 124Special characters......................................................................................................... 125ISO Element Drawing................................................................................................................ 125Summary of ISO 10110 symbols and codes................................................................. 126Diameters and bevels.................................................................................................... 127Tolerance data .............................................................................................................. 127NSC 3D Layout ......................................................................................................................... 127NSC Shaded Model .................................................................................................................. 128NSC Object Viewer ................................................................................................................... 129CAD File Part Viewer ................................................................................................................ 129Fans...................................................................................................................................................... 130Ray Aberration .......................................................................................................................... 130Evaluating results at intermediate surfaces................................................................... 131Optical Path............................................................................................................................... 131Pupil Aberration......................................................................................................................... 132Spot Diagrams ...................................................................................................................................... 132Standard.................................................................................................................................... 132Through Focus.......................................................................................................................... 1349Full Field.................................................................................................................................... 134Matrix ........................................................................................................................................ 135Configuration Matrix.................................................................................................................. 135MTF....................................................................................................................................................... 135FFT MTF ................................................................................................................................... 135FFT Through Focus MTF.......................................................................................................... 137FFT Surface MTF...................................................................................................................... 137FFT MTF vs. Field..................................................................................................................... 138Comment about vignetting factors................................................................................. 138FFT MTF Map ........................................................................................................................... 139Huygens MTF............................................................................................................................ 139Huygens Through Focus MTF .................................................................................................. 140Huygens Surface MTF.............................................................................................................. 141Huygens MTF vs. Field ............................................................................................................. 141Geometric MTF ......................................................................................................................... 142Geometric Through Focus MTF................................................................................................ 142Geometric MTF vs. Field........................................................................................................... 143Geometric MTF Map ................................................................................................................. 143PSF....................................................................................................................................................... 144FFT PSF.................................................................................................................................... 144Assumptions used in the FFT PSF calculation.............................................................. 145Discussion of the FFT method and sampling issues..................................................... 146FFT PSF Cross Section ............................................................................................................ 147FFT Line/Edge Spread.............................................................................................................. 148Huygens PSF............................................................................................................................ 149Huygens PSF Cross Section..................................................................................................... 150Wavefront.............................................................................................................................................. 150Wavefront Map.......................................................................................................................... 150Interferogram............................................................................................................................. 151Foucault Analysis...................................................................................................................... 153Surface.................................................................................................................................................. 154Surface Sag .............................................................................................................................. 154The Contour Format String............................................................................................ 154Surface Phase........................................................................................................................... 154Surface Curvature..................................................................................................................... 155Surface Sag Cross Section....................................................................................................... 155Surface Phase Cross Section ................................................................................................... 156Surface Curvature Cross Section.............................................................................................. 156RMS...................................................................................................................................................... 156RMS vs. Field............................................................................................................................ 156Comments about RMS computation methods............................................................... 157Comments about RMS wavefront computations........................................................... 158RMS vs. Wavelength................................................................................................................. 158RMS vs. Focus.......................................................................................................................... 159RMS Field Map ......................................................................................................................... 160Encircled Energy................................................................................................................................... 161Diffraction.................................................................................................................................. 161Geometric.................................................................................................................................. 162Geometric Line/Edge Spread.................................................................................................... 162Extended Source....................................................................................................................... 163Image Simulation .................................................................................................................................. 164Image Simulation ...................................................................................................................... 164Suggestions for use....................................................................................................... 167Comments on using field angles ................................................................................... 16710Comments on using paraxial and real image height ..................................................... 168Geometric Image Analysis ........................................................................................................ 168The IMA format.............................................................................................................. 170The BIM format.............................................................................................................. 170Comments on using field angles ................................................................................... 171Comments on using paraxial and real image height ..................................................... 171How rays are chosen for analysis ................................................................................. 171Calculating efficiency of multi-mode fibers.................................................................... 172Text output .................................................................................................................... 172Geometric Bitmap Image Analysis............................................................................................ 172Comments on field units................................................................................................ 174Selection and tracing of rays......................................................................................... 174Light Source Analysis................................................................................................................ 175Partially Coherent Image Analysis ............................................................................................ 176Comment about using the IMA file format ..................................................................... 178Comment about using the ZBF file format..................................................................... 179The optical transfer function algorithm.......................................................................... 179Comment about the coherent optical transfer function.................................................. 180Computing partially coherent images............................................................................ 180Computing MTF using Cross Section X/Y..................................................................... 181Extended Diffraction Image Analysis ........................................................................................ 182IMA/BIM File Viewer.................................................................................................................. 184Bitmap File Viewer .................................................................................................................... 184Biocular Analysis................................................................................................................................... 184Field of View.............................................................................................................................. 184Dipvergence/Convergence........................................................................................................ 185Miscellaneous ....................................................................................................................................... 186Field Curvature/Distortion ......................................................................................................... 186Computing distortion when using real image height as the field type ........................... 188Grid Distortion ........................................................................................................................... 189SMIA-TV Distortion........................................................................................................ 191Limitations of Grid Distortion ......................................................................................... 191Relative Illumination.................................................................................................................. 191Effective F/# .................................................................................................................. 192Vignetting Plot ........................................................................................................................... 192Footprint Diagram..................................................................................................................... 193Longitudinal Aberration ............................................................................................................. 194Lateral Color.............................................................................................................................. 194Y-Ybar Diagram........................................................................................................................ 195Chromatic Focal Shift ................................................................................................................ 195System Summary Graphic ........................................................................................................ 196Power Field Map ....................................................................................................................... 196Power Pupil Map....................................................................................................................... 197Incident Angle vs. Image Height ............................................................................................... 198Aberration coefficients .......................................................................................................................... 199Seidel Coefficients .................................................................................................................... 199Seidel Diagram.......................................................................................................................... 200Zernike Fringe Coefficients ....................................................................................................... 201Subaperture computations ............................................................................................ 202Strehl ratio approximation ............................................................................................. 202Zernike Standard Coefficients................................................................................................... 204Zernike Annular Coefficients..................................................................................................... 207Calculations .......................................................................................................................................... 210Ray Trace.................................................................................................................................. 21011Fiber Coupling Efficiency .......................................................................................................... 210YNI Contributions...................................................................................................................... 212Sag Table.................................................................................................................................. 213Cardinal Points.......................................................................................................................... 214Glass and Gradient Index ..................................................................................................................... 214Dispersion Diagram................................................................................................................... 214Glass Map................................................................................................................................. 214Athermal Glass Map.................................................................................................................. 215Internal Transmittance vs. Wavelength..................................................................................... 216Dispersion vs. Wavelength........................................................................................................ 217Grin Profile ................................................................................................................................ 217Gradium Profile...................................................................................................................... 218Universal Plot........................................................................................................................................ 218New Universal Plot 1D... ........................................................................................................... 218New Universal Plot 2D... ........................................................................................................... 220Polarization ........................................................................................................................................... 221Polarization Ray Trace.............................................................................................................. 222Polarization Pupil Map .............................................................................................................. 222Modeling interference between configurations.............................................................. 223Transmission............................................................................................................................. 223Phase Aberration ...................................................................................................................... 224Transmission Fan...................................................................................................................... 224Coatings................................................................................................................................................ 225Reflection vs. Angle .................................................................................................................. 225Transmission vs. Angle............................................................................................................. 225Absorption vs. Angle ................................................................................................................. 226Diattenuation vs. Angle ............................................................................................................. 226Phase vs. Angle ........................................................................................................................ 226Retardance vs. Angle................................................................................................................ 226Reflection vs. Wavelength......................................................................................................... 226Transmission vs. Wavelength ................................................................................................... 227Absorption vs. Wavelength ....................................................................................................... 227Diattenuation vs. Wavelength ................................................................................................... 227Phase vs. Wavelength .............................................................................................................. 227Retardance vs. Wavelength...................................................................................................... 228Physical Optics ..................................................................................................................................... 228Paraxial Gaussian Beam........................................................................................................... 228Limitations of the analysis ............................................................................................. 228Overview of Gaussian beams ....................................................................................... 229Default beam parameters.............................................................................................. 229Propagating the embedded beam................................................................................. 229The quality factor........................................................................................................... 230Interactive analysis........................................................................................................ 230Skew Gaussian Beam............................................................................................................... 230Physical Optics Propagation ..................................................................................................... 231Comments about beam projection ................................................................................ 233Beam File Viewer ...................................................................................................................... 234NSC Ray Tracing.................................................................................................................................. 235Ray Trace Control ..................................................................................................................... 235Detector Viewer......................................................................................................................... 235Ray Database Viewer ............................................................................................................... 235Ray Database Analysis............................................................................................................. 235Path Analysis................................................................................................................. 235Flux vs. Wavelength...................................................................................................... 23612ReverseRadiance Analysis.................................................................................................... 236The ReverseRadiance Method.................................................................................. 237Defining the source object............................................................................................. 238Defining the boundary object......................................................................................... 238Defining the target object .............................................................................................. 238Defining the detector object........................................................................................... 238Output Data................................................................................................................... 238Other comments............................................................................................................ 239Source Viewers..................................................................................................................................... 239Directivity Plot ........................................................................................................................... 239Polar Plot................................................................................................................................... 239Source Illumination Map............................................................................................................ 240Spectrum Plot............................................................................................................................ 241Radiant Source Model Viewer ............................................................................................... 242CIE 1931/1976 Color Chart....................................................................................................... 243Obsolete................................................................................................................................................ 243Wireframe.................................................................................................................................. 243Solid Model ............................................................................................................................... 244Illumination XY Scan................................................................................................................. 245Illumination 2D Surface............................................................................................................. 246Export IGES Line Work............................................................................................................. 246Export 2D DXF File ................................................................................................................... 248Export 3D DXF File ................................................................................................................... 248Conjugate Surface Analysis...................................................................................................... 249TOOLS MENU Chapter 8Optimization.......................................................................................................................................... 251Optimization .............................................................................................................................. 251Global Search ........................................................................................................................... 251Hammer Optimization ............................................................................................................... 251Find Best Asphere..................................................................................................................... 251Merit Function Listing................................................................................................................ 252Remove All Variables................................................................................................................ 252Glass Substitution Template ..................................................................................................... 252Tolerancing ........................................................................................................................................... 254Tolerancing ............................................................................................................................... 254Tolerance Listing....................................................................................................................... 254Tolerance Summary.................................................................................................................. 254Test Plates............................................................................................................................................ 254Test Plate Fitting ....................................................................................................................... 254Test Plate Lists.......................................................................................................................... 255Catalogs................................................................................................................................................ 256Glass Catalogs.......................................................................................................................... 256Glass Compare ......................................................................................................................... 256Glass Fitting .............................................................................................................................. 257Lens Catalogs ........................................................................................................................... 258Make Private Lens Catalog....................................................................................................... 260Coatings................................................................................................................................................ 261Edit Coating File........................................................................................................................ 261Reload Coating File................................................................................................................... 261Add Coatings to All Surfaces .................................................................................................... 261Coating Listing .......................................................................................................................... 261Export Encrypted Coating ......................................................................................................... 261Scattering.............................................................................................................................................. 26213ABg Scatter Data Catalogs ....................................................................................................... 262Wavelength scaling of ABg data ................................................................................... 263Scatter Function Viewer ............................................................................................................ 264Apertures .............................................................................................................................................. 265Convert Semi-Diameters to Circular Apertures......................................................................... 265Convert Semi-Diameters to Floating Apertures ........................................................................ 265Convert Semi-Diameters to Maximum Apertures...................................................................... 266Remove All Apertures ............................................................................................................... 266Replace Vignetting With Apertures ........................................................................................... 266Coordinates........................................................................................................................................... 266Tilt/Decenter Elements.............................................................................................................. 266Add Fold Mirror ......................................................................................................................... 267Limitations of reversing surfaces following the fold mirror............................................. 267Delete Fold Mirror ..................................................................................................................... 267Local To Global ......................................................................................................................... 268Global To Local ......................................................................................................................... 268Export Data........................................................................................................................................... 269Export IGES/SAT/STEP Solid................................................................................................... 269Limitations of exported data .......................................................................................... 271Export Zemax Black Box Data .................................................................................................. 271Sources................................................................................................................................................. 274Download Radiant Source Models............................................................................................ 274Generate Radiant Source Model Rays ..................................................................................... 274Miscellaneous ....................................................................................................................................... 276Reverse Elements..................................................................................................................... 276Scale Lens ................................................................................................................................ 276Make Focal................................................................................................................................ 277Ghost Focus Generator............................................................................................................. 277Make Double Pass.................................................................................................................... 278Performance Test...................................................................................................................... 279Lock/Unlock All Windows.......................................................................................................... 279Quick Focus .............................................................................................................................. 279Quick Adjust .............................................................................................................................. 280Slider ......................................................................................................................................... 280Convert to NSC Group.............................................................................................................. 281Convert File Formats................................................................................................................. 282*.INT Zernike files.......................................................................................................... 283*.INT Grid Files.............................................................................................................. 283OptiWave *F3D files...................................................................................................... 284REPORTS MENU Chapter 9Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 285Surface Data......................................................................................................................................... 285System Data ......................................................................................................................................... 285Prescription Data .................................................................................................................................. 285Comments on computing element volumes.............................................................................. 286System Check....................................................................................................................................... 286Report Graphics 4/6.............................................................................................................................. 287MACROS AND EXTENSIONS MENUS Chapter 10Edit/Run ZPL Macros............................................................................................................................ 289Refresh Macro List................................................................................................................................ 289Macro Names........................................................................................................................................ 28914Extensions ............................................................................................................................................ 289Refresh Extensions List ........................................................................................................................ 290Extension Names.................................................................................................................................. 290SURFACE TYPES Chapter 11Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 291Parameter data ..................................................................................................................................... 291Extra data.............................................................................................................................................. 291Summary of surface types .................................................................................................................... 291User defined surfaces ............................................................................................................... 291Surface types ............................................................................................................................ 292ABCD.................................................................................................................................................... 294Alternate Even ...................................................................................................................................... 295Alternate Odd........................................................................................................................................ 295Atmospheric Refraction......................................................................................................................... 295Biconic .................................................................................................................................................. 296Biconic Zernike ..................................................................................................................................... 296Binary Optic 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 297Binary optic coefficients sign conventions................................................................................. 298Binary Optic 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 298Binary optic coefficients sign conventions................................................................................. 299Binary Optic 3 ....................................................................................................................................... 300Binary optic coefficients sign conventions................................................................................. 301Binary Optic 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 301Binary optic coefficients sign conventions................................................................................. 303Birefringent In and Birefringent Out ...................................................................................................... 303Defining the substrate shape .................................................................................................... 304Defining the index ..................................................................................................................... 304Defining the crystal axis for homogeneous materials................................................................ 305Defining the crystal axis for inhomogeneous materials............................................................. 305Determining which ray is traced................................................................................................ 306Accounting for phase rotation ................................................................................................... 306Transmission and other properties of birefringent surfaces...................................................... 307Sample Zemax files................................................................................................................... 307Black Box Lens ..................................................................................................................................... 308Features not supported when using Black Box surfaces .......................................................... 308Conjugate.............................................................................................................................................. 308Coordinate Break.................................................................................................................................. 309The order flag............................................................................................................................ 309Cubic Spline.......................................................................................................................................... 310Comments about spline surfaces.............................................................................................. 310Cylinder Fresnel .................................................................................................................................... 311Diffraction Grating................................................................................................................................. 312Elliptical Grating 1................................................................................................................................. 312Elliptical Grating surface shape................................................................................................. 313Elliptical Grating 2................................................................................................................................. 313Even Asphere ....................................................................................................................................... 314Extended Asphere ................................................................................................................................ 314Extended Cubic Spline.......................................................................................................................... 315Extended Fresnel.................................................................................................................................. 316Extended Odd Asphere......................................................................................................................... 317Extended Polynomial ............................................................................................................................ 318Extended Toroidal Grating.................................................................................................................... 318Filter ...................................................................................................................................................... 32015Fresnel .................................................................................................................................................. 320Generalized Fresnel.............................................................................................................................. 320Gradient 1 ............................................................................................................................................. 321Discussion on maximum step size for GRIN surfaces .............................................................. 321Restrictions on surfaces following GRIN surfaces .................................................................... 322Gradient 2 ............................................................................................................................................. 322Gradient 3 ............................................................................................................................................. 322Gradient 4 ............................................................................................................................................. 323Gradient 5 ............................................................................................................................................. 323Gradient 6 ............................................................................................................................................. 324Gradient 7 ............................................................................................................................................. 325GRADIUM......................................................................................................................................... 326GRADIUM profile file format...................................................................................................... 326Gradient 9 ............................................................................................................................................. 328Gradient 10 ........................................................................................................................................... 329Grid Phase............................................................................................................................................ 329Using the shear distance........................................................................................................... 329Phase coefficients sign conventions ......................................................................................... 330Grid Sag................................................................................................................................................ 330Importing grid data .................................................................................................................... 330Bicubic spline vs. linear interpolation ........................................................................................ 331Suggestions for using the Grid Sag surface.............................................................................. 331H