zero report 2013 gb1

INTERNATIONAL STUDY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

ZERO PROJECT REPORT 2013 Survey of 23 Social Indicators on the implementation of the

UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 55 countries

Survey of 10 Social Indicators focusing on the employment of personswith disabilities in 82 countries

40 Innovative Practices that promote the employment of persons with disabilities

11 Innovative Policies that promote the employment of persons with disabilities

Authors:

Michael Fembek, Thomas H. Butcher, Ingrid Heindorf and Caroline Wallner-Mikl

in cooperation with 374 Persons with disabilities, experts and academics, NGOs, foundations and international organisations in 116 countries, and the World Future Council For a world without barriers

ImprintAuthors: Michael Fembek, Thomas H. Butcher, Ingrid Heindorf und Caroline Wallner-MiklCopyright November 2012 by the Essl Foundation All rights reserved. Published 2012Printed in AustriaCover design and layout by Tino Ranftl, corporate.mediaWorld maps by Grafikum, www.grafikum.comFor more information or reports online visit: www.zeroproject.orgFor inquiries email: [email protected]

Essl FoundationMichael FembekAufeldstrae 17233400 Klosterneuburg/Austria

INTERNATIONAL STUDY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

ZERO PROJECT REPORT 2013 Survey of 23 Social Indicators on the implementation of the

UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 55 countries

Survey of 10 Social Indicators focusing on the employment of personswith disabilities in 82 countries

40 Innovative practices that promote the employment of persons with disabilities

11 Innovative Policies that promote the employment of persons with disabilities

_____ZERO PROJECT REPORT 20134

List of ContentsThe Zero Project Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Preface by Martin Essl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Foreword by Barbara Murray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

All countries covered by the Zero Project Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Zero Project Social Indicators Worldmap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Zero Project Employment Indicators Worldmap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Overview Innovative Practices Worldmap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Overview Innovative Policies Worldmap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

About the Zero Project Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Social Indicators: Outstanding Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: A survey in 55 countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

23 Social Indicators in detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Accessibility of new buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Legal timeframe for accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Accessibility of public buses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Early warning system for national emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Partial guardianship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Sign language in court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Financial support for inclusion in the community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Safeguards in institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Accessibility of government websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Right to marry, have and raise children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Right to primary mainstream education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Alternative testing methods for students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Statistics on university graduates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Accessibility of medical practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Accommodations in the workplace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

State employment of persons with disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Number of employees with disabilities increasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Right to receive necessary support to vote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Statistics on disabled persons living in institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Official statistics about education and employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

State sponsorship of umbrella organisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Designation of focal points within government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Accessibility of the convention from the state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

CONTENTS

ZERO PROJECT REPORT 2013_____5

Employment Indicators: Key Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Disability and employment: A survey in 82 countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

10 Employment Indicators in detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Protection from discrimination in hiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Promotion of employment in the private sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Promotion of self-employment or business ownership. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Access to vocational and continuing training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Assistance to find employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Remuneration for work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Equal employment rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Quota for employment in the public sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Rights of redress of grievances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Additional rules relating to dismissal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Innovative Practices: Key Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Innovation in disability and employment: 40 Innovative Practices from across the world. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

40 Innovative Practices in detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Post-secondary inclusion: a path to employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Rotary employment partnership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Support in transition to adult life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Promoting micro-enterprises and entrepreneurship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Making microfinance inclusive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Personalised coaching in the workplace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Building disability-smart business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Training carers for the elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

A co-working model of employment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Social enterprise for blind people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Disabled people leading career development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Blind women as experts in detecting breast cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Job support for persons with intellectual disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

An employment resource for the visually impaired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Help for Supported Employment services providers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

A scalable assistive technology initiative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Developing work and employment opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Broad integration of disabled persons in the labour market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Inclusion in a virtual organisation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

CONTENTS


CONTENTS

Anti-stigma campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Integrated employment model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Support for students with disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Promoting inclusive business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Economic and social inclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Inclusive care worker training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Livelihoods resource centres. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Sustained advocacy for promoting equality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Jobs for persons with psychosocial disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Youth transition programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Helping disabled employees understand their rights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Employment of the hearing impaired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Personal development through employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Supported internships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Labour integration in rural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Inclusive partnering with the post office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Equal employment opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Gateway to employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

A new approach to labour inclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

A personal network for persons with disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

Promoting an inclusive workplace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Innovative Policies: Key Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Innovation in disability and employment: 11 Innovative Policies from across the world. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

11 Innovative Policies in detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Australia One-stop-shop for employment services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Austria The professionalisation of empowerment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Austria The right to an inclusive apprenticeship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Canada Ongoing support through a job trainer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Denmark The right to youth education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Malaysia Returning successfully to work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

New Zealand Equal employment conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Spain Meaningful employment through support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Sweden Building an inclusive labour market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

United Kingdom Effective employment services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

United Kingdom- Individual placement and support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224


NETWORK AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Zero Project NetworkThe Zero Project relies on voluntary contributions from disability expertsfrom all around the world. The Zero Project team is grateful to all personswith disabilities, DPOs and NGOs, academics and foundations, associationsand supranational bodies, decision makers in administrations etc., a total ofmore than 360 persons, who have contributed to this years Zero Project.

Social Indicators: Respondents to the survey (55 countries)With the essential help of the respondents to our questionnaire fromaround the world, we have been able to increase the coverage of our sur-vey from 36 countries (including California and New York State in the USA),to 55 countries (including California in the USA), and we were able to se-cure the invaluable assistance of respondents in 22 new countries (fromAfghanistan to South Korea). With the significant help of Mr Joelson Diasand his team at Barbosa e Dias Advogados in Braslia, Brazil, as just thestart this year, we have been able to add eight new countries in LatinAmerica and the Caribbean.

_ Afghanistan Community Based Rehabilitation CBR Network (ACBRN), Muhammad Sadiq Mohibi Afghanistan

_ Albanian Disability Rights Foundation (ADRF), Blerta ani Albania_ CBM Australia, Christine Walton Australia_ sterr. Arbeitsgemeinschaft f. Rehabilitation,

Christina Meierschitz Austria_ Centre pour lgalit des chances et la lutte contre le racisme,

Astrid Eichstd Belgium_ Mozaik Foundation, Vesna Bajsanski-Agic Bosnia and Herzegovina_ Barbosa e Dias Advogados, Joelson Dias Brazil_ Golfieri Reicher e Storto Advogados Brazil_ 3IN Incluso, Integridade e Independncia Brazil_ I can too Bulgaria_ Fundacin Rostros Nuevos, Catalina Dupr. S Chile_ Federacin Colombiana de Organizaciones de Personas

con Discapacidad Fsica (FECODIF), Carlos Adolfo Snchez Colombia_ Association for Promoting Inclusion Subsidiary Zagreb,

Marijana Jankovi Croatia_ Asistence o.s. Erik ipera Czech Republic_ Danske Handicaporganisationer, Signe Hjsteen Denmark_ ACOGIPRI de R.L., Eileen Girn Batres El Salvador_ Eesti Puuetega Inimeste Koja Kairit Numa Estonia_ Federation of Ethiopian National Associations of Persons

with Disabilities (FENAPD), Teshome Deressa Ethiopia_ The Threshold Association/VIKE, Juha-Pekka Konttinen Finland_ Fondation de France, Catherine Agius France_ Diakonisches Werk der EKD e.V, Sylvia Brinkmann Germany_ COPDIGUA-ONG, Luis Beltrn Diego Raymundo Guatemala_ ROCAFAM, Ana Mara Canales de Munguia Honduras_ Foundation for Equal Rights, Erzsbet Szekeres Hungary_ SANCHAR, Tulika Das India_ CBR DTC Solo, Sunarman Sukamto Indonesia_ National University of Ireland, Galway, Charles OMahony Ireland_ Bizchut, Esther Sivan Israel_ Fondazione Banca del Monte di Lucca, Elizabeth Franchini Italy_ University of Pisa, Luca Fanucci Italy_ Hokusei Gaukuen University, Jun Nakagawa Japan

_ Kosovo Mental Disability Rights Initiative, Zamira Hyseni Duraku/Yllka Buzhala Kosovo

_ Lebanese Physically Handicapped Union, Sylvana Lakkis Lebanon_ Center for Institutional Development-CIRa, Zoran Stojkovski Macedonia_ CBR Network Malaysia, Noor Yasmin Abdul Karim Malaysia_ Care Society, Shidhatha Shareef Maldives_ Disability Rights International, Sofa Galvn and Roger Bill Mexico_ Fund for Active Citizenship fAKT, Anica-Maja Boljevic| Montenegro_ The Leprosy Mission International (TLMI), Zaw Moe Aung Myanmar_ National CBR NETWORK, Prakash Wagle Nepal_ Equal Treatment Commission (ETC), Keirsten de Jongh Netherlands_ Femucadi, Sandra Lorena Darce Mendoza Nicaragua_ Stopp Diskrimineringen, Berit Vegheim Norway_ All Sanghar Handicaps Association (ASHA),

Ghulam Nabi Nizamani Pakistan_ Instituto para Democracia e Direitos Humanos da

Pontificia Universidade Catlica do Peru, Elizabeth Salmn Peru_ Fundao Calouste Gulbenkian, Helena Vaz da Silva Portugal_ Motivation Romania_ Disability Rights International, Dragana Ciric Milovanovic Serbia_ Republikov rada SZTP, Stefan Grajcar Slovakia_ Mateja Koroec, Center KORAK Slovenia_ Sungkyunkwan University Law School, JaeWon Kim South Korea_ Fundacin ONCE, Lourdes Mrquez de la Calleja Spain_ Sri Lanka Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled,

Premadasa Dissanayake Sri Lanka_ Juris Humani, Annika kerberg Sweden_ galit Handicap, Caroline Hess-Klein Switzerland_ Trk zrller Vakf Turkey_ Leonard Cheshire Disability, Guy Parckar UK_ World Institute on Disability, Bruce Curtis USA_ DREDF USA

Employment Indicators: Respondents to the survey (82 countries)Experts from 82 different countries around the world, and from all five con-tinents, completed our survey on the employment situation of persons withdisabilities. The survey (which to our knowledge is the first ever of its kind)was carried out by Disabled Peoples International (DPI), a grassroots,cross-disability network with member organisations in over 110 countries,established to promote human rights of persons with disabilities throughfull participation, equalisation of opportunity and development. The ZeroProject expresses its special thanks to Javed Abidi, DPI Chairperson, whoagreed to collaborate on the survey, as well as his coordinating staff: ParulGhosh (DPI Office), Saowalak Thongkuay (Asia Pacific), Rita Barbuto (Eu-rope), Maria Isabel Farias-Exner (Latin America) and Leslie Emanuel (NorthAmerica and the Caribbean), who all encouraged so many DPI members totake part.

Antigua & Barbuda Association of Persons with Disabilities DPI Antigua & Barbuda, Ingrid Elliott Antigua & Barbuda_ ENCIDIS DPI Argentina, Enrique Sarfati Argentina_ DPO Full Life DPI Armenia, Suren Maghakyan Armenia_ sterreichische Arbeitsgemeinschaft fr Rehabilitation,

Christina Meierschitz Austria



_ Union of Disabled People Organizations (UDPO) DPI Azerbaijan, Davud Rehimli Azerbaijan

_ Belarussian Society of Persons with Disabilities DPI Belarus, Daniel Uladamirski Belarus

_ Katholieke Vereniging Gehandicapten vzw (KVG) DPI Belgium, Herman Janssens Belgium

_ Belizean Alliance of and for Persons with Diverse Abilities DPI Beliz, Jerome Flores Belize

_ Federation des Associations des Personnes Handicapes du Benin DPI Benin, Claudine Daizo Benin

_ NCPDB DPI Bulgaria, Morfi Skarlatov Bulgaria_ FEBAH DPI Burkina Faso, Evelyne Hien Winkoun Burkina Faso_ Union des Personnes Handicapes du Burundi (UPHB)-

DPI Burundi, Pierre Claver Seberege Burundi_ The Cambodian Disabled Peoples Organization(CDPO)

DPI Cambodia, Ngin Saorath Cambodia_ Council of Canadians with Disabilities DPI Canada,

Laurie Beachell Canada_ Associacao Caboverdana de Deficientes (ACD)

DPI Cape Verde, David Cardoso Cape Verde_ ANDDI DPI Chile, Paulina Cavada Chile_ China Disabled Persons Federation (CDPF)- DPI China, You Liang China_ Cook Islands National Disability Council DPI Cook Islands,

Tuki Wright Cook Islands_ FAHCI DPI Cote dIvoire, Djrk Raphal DOGO Cote dIvoire_ Asociacin Cubana de Limitados Fsicos Motores (ACLIFIM)

DPI Cuba, Mabel Ballesteros Lpez Cuba_ Nrodn rada osob se zdravotnm postienm DPI Czech Republic,

Veronika Prov Czech Republic_ CICPH DPI Democratic Republic of Congo, Innocent Zengba

Democratic Republic of Congo Dominica_ Association of Persons with Disabilities, Inc. DPI Dominica,

Nathalie Murphy Dominica_ Federacin Nacional de Discapacitados Dominicanos (FENADID)

DPI Dominican Republic, Magino Corporan Lorenzo Dominican Republic_ EFPD DPI Ethiopia, Teshome Deressa Ethiopia_ KYNNYS DPI Finnland, Kalle Knkkl Finnland_ Groupement Franais des Personnes Handicapes DPI France,

Jean-Luc Simon France_ The Gambia Federation of the Disabled DPI Gambia,

Isatou Sayang Gambia_ ZSL Erlangen DPI Germany, Dinah Radtke Germany_ Paraplegics Association of Greece DPI Greece, Sofoklis Alepis Greece_ Coordinadora de organizaciones de personas con discapacidad

copdigua DPI Guatemala, Luis Beltrn Diego Raymundo Guatemala_ FEGUIPAH DPI Guinea Conakry, Alpha Boubacar Diop Guinea Conakry_ Guyana Coalition of Citizens with Disability (GCCD)

DPI Guyana, Julie Lewis Guyana_ National Associative Network for the Integration of

Disabled Peoples DPI Haiti, Marie Jessie Alexandre Muscadin Haiti_ DPI Honduras, Dayana Martinez Honduras_ MEOSZ DPI Hungary, Eva Caesar Hungary_ DPI India, Javed Abidi India_ DPI Italia Onlus, Rita Barbuto Italy_ Combined Disabilities Association DPI Jamaica, Gloria Goffe Jamaica_ University of Kobe, Ryoko Sakuraba Japan_ United Disabled Persons of Kenya UDPK DPI Kenya, Joseph Njenga Kenya_ The Latvian Umbrella Body for Disability Organizations SUSTENTO DPI

Latvia, Gunta Anca Latvia

_ Lesotho National Federation of the Disabled (LNFOD)- DPI Lesotho, Nkhasi Sefuthi Lesotho

_ Polio Plus movement against disability DPI Macedonia, Elena Kocoska Macedonia

_ Fedoma DPI Malawi, Mussa Chiwaula Malawi_ Federation of Disabled Persons Organizations Mauritius-

DPI Mauritius, Jacques Limkee Mauritius_ Confederacion mexicana de limitados fisicos y representantes

de deficientes mentales .a.c DPI Mexico, Raul Hernandez Alcala Mexico_ National Federation of the Disabled DPI Nepal,

Shudarson Subedi Nepal_ Disabled Persons Assembly Inc. (DPANZ) DPI New Zealand,

Rachel Noble New Zealand_ Organizacin de Revolucionarios Discapacitados, (ORD)

DPI Nicaragua, Wilber Torres Nicaragua_ Fdration Nigerienne des Personnes Handicapes (FNPH)

DPI Niger, Maiga Idriss Niger_ Joint National Association of Persons with Disabilities (JONAPWD)

DPI Nigeria, Danlami Basharu Nigeria_ Pakistan Disabled People Organization (PDPO)

DPI Pakistan, Mohd. Mobin Uddin Pakistan_ Asociacion Nacional de Personas Impedidas (ANPI)

DPI Panama, Jos Batista Panama_ Confederacin Nacional de Discapacitados del Per

(CONFENADIP) DPI Peru, Wilfredo Guzman Jara Peru_ KAMPI DPI Philippines, Josephine de Vera Philippines_ Associaao Portuguesa de Deficientes DPI Portugal,

Ana Maria Santos Portugal_ Federatia Organizatia Nationala a Persoanelor cu Handicap

din Romania DPI Romania, Silvia Ursu Romania_ All Russian Society of Disabled People DPI Russia, Sergey RotgonRussia_ Disability Council Office: Rainbow of Love National Council of People

with Disabilities in Samoa DPI Samoa, Faatino Masunu Utumapu Samoa

_ Fdration Sngalaise des Associations de Personnes Handicapes DPI Senegal, Yatma Fall Senegal

_ National Organization of Persons with Disabilities of Serbia DPI Serbia, Ivanka Jovanovic Serbia

_ Disability Awareness Action Group DPI Sierra Leone, Kabba Bangura Sierra Leone

_ Disabled Peoples Association DPI Singapore, Marissa Lee Medjeral Singapore

_ Alliance of Organizations of Disabled Peoples Slovakia DPI Slovakia, Ms Deknkov Slovakia

_ Association for the Theory and Culture of Handicap YHD DPI Slovenia, Elena Peari Slovenia

_ Disabled People South Africa DPI South Africa, Jabulane Blose South Africa

_ COCEMFE DPI Spain, Juan Garca Olmo Spain_ Sri Lanka Confederation of Organisations of the

Handicapped People DPI Sri Lanka, Charles Mendis Sri Lanka_ National Society of Persons with disabilities (NSPD)

DPI St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Patricia CumberbatchSt. Vincent and the Grenadines

_ DPI St. Kitts and Nevis, Anthony Mills St. Kitts and Nevis_ National Council of Persons with Disabilities Incorporated-

DPI St. Lucia, Krishna Satney St. Lucia_ AGILE Behinderten-Selbsthilfe Schweiz DPI Switzerland,

Barbara Marti Switzerland_ Shivyawata DPI Tanzania, Novatus Rukwago Tanzania



_ Network of Music and Arts of Persons with Disability DPI Thailand, Sawang Srisom Thailand

_ Disabled Persons Organization (DPO) of The Bahamas-DPI The Bahamas, William E. Lightbourne The Bahamas

_ FETAPH DPI Togo, Katatchom Palacbawy Togo_ Union Nationale des Aveugles de Tunisie DPI Tunisia,

Imed Eddine Chaker Tunisia_ National Assembly of People with Disabilities of Ukraine,

Tetyana Perepelytsia Ukraine_ United Kingdoms Disabled Peoples Council (UKDPC)

DPI United Kingdom, Jaspal Dhan United Kingdom_ United States International Council on Disabilities DPI USA,

Andrea Shettle USA_ Disability Promotion & Advocacy Association DPI Vanuatu,

Nelly Caleb Vanuatu_ Zambia Federation of the Disabled (ZAFOD) DPI Zambia,

Serah Brotherton Zambia

Innovative Practices: Nominators and Selection CommitteeMore than 71 experts from 30 countries took part in the Zero Project bynominating outstanding and Innovative Practices, and a total of around 120nominations were submitted. We are particularly grateful to everyone whomade the effort to fill in the quite demanding nomination form that consti-tutes the base of the database. The Zero Project team also wants tothank the Ashoka Organisation, which helped to shape this process and,also, to add expertise to the selection committee.18 experts joined the selection committee, who took their job of appraisingall nominations very seriously, using various criteria and deciding upon thefinal list of 40 most Innovative Practices.

a) Nominators of Innovative PracticesUnison NGO, Armen Alaverdyan Armenia_ Berufsvorbereitungslehrgang Jobfit des

Sonderpdagogischen Zentrums 2, Regine Gratzl Austria_ Caritas Austria, Karl Eisenhardt Austria_ Creativetime Austria, Chrysanth Grnangerl Austria_ Diakonie Austria, Joanna Kinberger Austria_ Diakonie Austria, Katharina Meichenitsch Austria_ Erste Stiftung, Alina Serban Austria_ Freier Sozialwissenschaftler Lector at the Universities in

Vienna and Innsbruck, Oliver Koenig Austria_ Light for the World Austria, Klaus Minihuber, Eva Nittmann Austria_ ZIV Bundessekretariat, Gernot Reinthaler Austria_ pro mente O, Michaela Keita-Kornfehl Austria_ pro mente O, Markus Sautner Austria_ Verein RollOn Austria, Marianne Hengl Austria_ Zentrum fr Gebrdensprache und Hrbehindertenkommunikation

der Universitt Klagenfurt, Franz Dotter Austria_ ENIL, Peter Lambreghts Belgium_ F123 Consulting, Fernando H. F. Botelho Brazil_ Supported Employment Network., Alexandre Prado Betti Brazil_ Alberta Association for Community Living, Bruce Uditsky,

Wendy McDonald Canada_ McGill University, Kali Stull Canada_ McGill University, Laura Kalef Canada_ Member of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with

Disabilities (CRPD) of the United Nations, Mohammad Tarawneh Canada_ Association for promoting inclusion subsidiary Zagreb,

Marijana Jankovi Croatia

_ EBU (European Blind Union) Gary May France Fondation de France, Catherine Agius France

_ Handicap International Herve Bernard France Catholic University Eichsttt-Ingolstadt, Rainer Greca Germany

_ Evangelische Fachhochschule RWL, Theresia Degener Germany_ Judit Nothdurft Consulting, Judit Nothdurft Germany_ Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft (LAG) der Werksttten fr

behinderte Menschen in Hessen e.V., Wolfgang Trunk Germany_ Sozialhelden e.V., Raul Krauthausen Germany_ University of Cologne, Mathilde Niehaus Germany_ New Life Psychiatric Rehabilitation Association (NLPRA),

Sania Yau Sau-wai Hong Kong_ Disabled Peoples International, India, Javed Abidi India_ Turning Point, Anirban Bhadra India_ Individual with no affiliation, Marion Wilkinson Ireland_ Kanchi.org, Killian Stokes Ireland_ Dipartimento Salute Mentale AUSL Piacenza ITALY, Corrado Cappa Italy_ The Nippon Foundation, Mr. Yasunobu Ishii Japan_ Lebanese physical handicapped union (LPHU), Sylvana Lakkis Lebanon_ Process Manager, Genashtim Innovative Learning Pte Ltd.,

Raj Kumar Selvaraj Malaysia_ Univer-MOL Ltd., Dan Stirbu Moldava_ People First NZ Inc. New Zealand_ Delta centre, Anders Eriksen Norway_ Pakistan Institute of Fashion and Design, Tanzila Khan Pakistan_ Punlaka Regional Institute for Special People Inc.,

Daisy R. Hernandez Philippines_ Tahanang Walang Hagdanan, Inc.,

Jocelyn Rosemarie Cris C. Garcia Philippines_ Polish Disability Forum, Agata Budek Poland_ CEFPI (Centro de Educao e Formao Profissional Integrada),

Olga Figueiredo Portugal_ The Regional Association for Adult Education Suceava/AREAS,

Petru Vasile Gafiuc Romania_ Center for persons with acquired brain injury Zarja,

Danielle Jagodic Slovenia_ The Secretariat of the African Decade of Persons with Disabilities,

Thomas Ongolo South Africa_ Directorate General of Policies to Disability Support,

Laura Diego Garcia Spain_ HSO Skne, Lars Gustavsson Sweden_ The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Berth Danermark Sweden_ CRM Consulting Ltd., Kamile Canbay Turkey_ Change, Philipa Bragman United Kingdom_ Disability Rights UK, Liz Sayce United Kingdom_ EASPD, Phil Madden United Kingdom_ European Blind Union, Lord Colin Low United Kingdom_ First Step Trust, Ronnie Wilson United Kingdom_ Former President of the

European Union of Supported Employment Michael, John EvansUnited Kingdom

_ Inclusion International, Connie Laurin-Bowie United Kingdom_ Leonard Cheshire Disability, Joe McMartin United Kingdom_ Best Buddies International, Brooke Switzer USA_ Greater Los Angeles Agency on Deafness, Inc. (GLAD),

Jennifer Olson USA_ Human Rights Watch, Medi Ssengooba USA_ Trust for the Americas, Emily Charlemont USA_ University of Oregon, Lauren Lindstrom USA_ Center for Financial Inclusion at ACCION, Joshua Goldstein USA



b) Selection Committee of the Innovative PracticesAtempo, Klaus Candussi Austria_ FH St. Plten, Monika Vyslouzil Austria_ Light for the World, Johannes Trimmel Austria_ Vienna University, Germain Weber Austria_ EFC European Foundation Center, Maria Orejas Belgium_ World Future Council, Ingrid Heindorf Belgium_ Association for promoting inclusion Subsidiary Zagreb,

Lana Nacinovic Croatia_ HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL, Herv Bernard France_ Tibor Haza, Erzsbet Szekres Hungary_ Kanchi, Caroline Casey Ireland_ Bartimeus Accessibility Foundation, Eric Vellemann Netherlands_ Maastricht University, Lisa Waddington Netherlands_ Ashoka, Nadine Freeman Peru_ UNDP, Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States,

Maria Lednova Slovakia_ ENIL European Network on Independent Living, Jamie Bolling Spain_ Uni St. Gallen, Miriam Baumgrtner Switzerland

Innovative Policies: Nominators, Interviewees and Scientific Advisory BoardIn April 2012, as a first step, the Essl Foundation and the World FutureCouncil reached out to employment experts, including members of the UNCRPD Committee, the International Disability Alliance, the InternationalLabour Organization and many others. Thanks to them, the Zero Projectteam received 31 policy nominations from 26 countries from all around theworld. In a second step, national policy experts were consulted in theprocess of evaluating all nominees, to prepare them for the selection by theScientific Advisory Board. We are extremely grateful to everyone whoshared his or her insights and knowledge with us. As the final step, in Sep-tember 2012, the Zero Projects International Scientific Advisory Board se-lected and, after a passionate debate, agreed upon 11 policy finalists,which come from nine different countries in Europe, Asia, America andOceania. Without the Boards expertise, we could not have succeeded inthis undertaking. We would like humbly and gratefully to acknowledge theprecious support of every member of the Board.

a) Nominators of Innovative Policies_ Australian Disability & Development Consortium,

Christine Walton Australia_ Diakonie Austria, Katharina Meichenitsch Austria_ Empowerment-Center of the Independent Living Initiative

of Upper Austria, Wolfgang Glaser Austria_ Fevlado vzw, Natalie Lefevre Belgium_ Canadian Association for Community Living, Michael Bach Canada_ Zagrebs City Office for Social Protection and

Persons with Disabilities, Marinka Bakula Aneli Croatia_ Landsforeningen LEV The National Association for

People with Learning Disability, Dan R. Schimmell Denmark_ Academic Network of European Disability Experts (ANED),

Luule Sakkeus Estonia_ Council of Europ, Thorsten Afflerbach France_ Social Firms Europe CEFEC, Christiane Haerlin Germany_ World Future Council, Ingrid Heindorf Germany_ Social Firms Europe CEFEC and the Panhellenic Federation

of KOISPE (POKOISPE), Athena Frangouli Greece_ Academic Network of European Disability experts (ANED),

Gyulavri Tams Hungary

_ Former Centre For Disability Law and Policy, NUI Galway, Conor Newman Ireland

_ National Disability Authority, Marion Wilkinson Ireland_ Italian Parliament Camera dei Deputati, Amalia Schirru MP Italy_ DPI Italia Onlus, Rita Barbuto Italy_ Univer-Mol Ltd., Dan Stirbu Moldova_ Astri Research & Consultancy Group, Rienk Prins Netherlands_ University of Maastricht, Lisa Waddington Netherlands_ Norwegian University of Science & Technology, Jan Tssebro Norway_ Slovak Disability Council, Katarina Selestiakova Slovakia_ The Secretariat of the African Decade of

Persons with Disabilities, Thomas Ongolo South Africa_ Directorate General of Policies to Disability Support,

Ministry of Health, Laura Diego Garca Spain_ University of San Carlos III, Patricia Cuenca Gmez Spain_ International Labour Organization, Barbara Murray Switzerland_ International Social Security Association (ISSA),

Hans-Horst Konkolewski Switzerland_ Disability Rights UK, Liz Sayce United Kingdom_ Leonard Cheshire Disability, Kayoko Tatsumi United Kingdom_ Munger, Tolles & Olson, LLP, Charles Siegal USA

b) Interviewees to Innovative PoliciesAbility Technology, Graeme Smith Australia_ Australian Disability & Development Consortium,

Christine Walton Australia_ Innov8 Consulting Group, Mark Bagshaw Australia_ Lista Consulting (Ithaca group), Margo Couldrey Australia_ Personnel Employment, Craig Harrison Australia_ South Australian Community Visitor Scheme, Maurice Corcoran Australia_ YouthWorX NT, Liz Reid Australia_ International Institute for Social Law & Policy,

Marius Olivier Australia/South Africa_ Austrian Institute for SME Research, Eva Heckl Austria_ Center for Social Competence, University of Graz,

Sebastian Ruppe Austria_ Diakonie Austria , Katharina Meichenitsch Austria_ Directorate Health and Social Affairs, Office of the

Upper Austrian Government, Renate Hackl Austria_ Empowerment Center of the Independent Living Initiative of

Upper Austria, Wolfgang Glaser Austria_ Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth,

Birgit Wenninger-Jost Austria_ Federal Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and

Consumer Protection, Hans-Georg Hofer Austria_ University of Applied Sciences St. Plten, Helga Tiefenbacher Austria_ European Disability Forum, Donata Vivanti Belgium_ Flemish Agency for Persons with Disabilities, Jan Petersen Belgium_ Flemish Assistance Bureau for the Deaf (CAB), Dirk De Witte Belgium_ University of Ghent, Mieke van Herreweghe Belgium_ Canadian Association for Community Living, Don Gallant Canada_ Department of Advanced Education and Skills,

Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Ken OBrien Canada_ Institute for Research and Development on Inclusion and Society,

Cam Crawford Canada_ Croatian Union of Associations of Persons with Disabilities,

Marica Miri Croatia_ Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb, Zdravka Leutar Croatia_ Zagrebs City Office for Social Protection and Persons with Disabilities,

Marinka Bakula Aneli Croatia



_ Danish Institute of Human Rights, Maria Ventegodt Liisberg Denmark_ IUP DPU/Aarhus University and Bielefeld University,

Christian Christrup Kjeldsen Denmark_ Ministry of Youth and Education, Jrgen Petersen Denmark_ National Association for People with Learning Disability (LEV),

Dan R Schimmell Denmark_ Directorate of Social and Economic Affairs, Council of Europe,

Thorsten Afflerbach France_ BAG Integrationsfirmen, Bertold Sommer Germany_ Fachberatung fr Arbeits- und Firmenprojekte (FAF),

Peter Stadler Germany_ Faculty Social Work and Health, University of Gttingen,

Gisela Hermes Germany_ Former Secretary of State of Rhineland-Palatinate,

Richard Auernheimer Germany_ Social Firms Europe CEFEC, Christiane Haerlin Germany_ KoiSPE Diaplous, Attica Mental Health Unit, Dimitra Papadopoulou Greece_ Ministry of Health, Petros Yanoullatos Greece_ Pan-Hellenic Union for the Psychosocial Rehabilitation and

Professional Integration (PEPSAEE), Menelaos Theodoroulakis Greece_ Campaigner, Suzy Byrne Ireland_ Centre for Disability Law & Policy, National University of Ireland,

Eilionoir Flynn Ireland_ Department of Social Protection, Eoin O Seaghdha Ireland_ Disabled Peoples International Italy, Giampiero Griffo Italy_ Faculty of Education, University of Genoa, Carlo Lepri Italy_ Italian Parliaments Labour Committee, Amalia Schirru Italy_ Malaysian Employers Federation, Haji Shamsuddin Bardan Malaysia_ Social Security Organisation (SOCSO),

Mohammed Azman Bin Aziz Mohammed Malaysia_ Department for Persons with Disabilities, Ministry of Labour,

Social Protection and Family, Vasile Cusca Moldova_ Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family, Paulina Tudos Moldova_ APE Research and Consultancy, Leo Aarts Netherlands_ Astri Research and Consultancy Group, Rienk Prins Netherlands_ Free University Amsterdam, Hans Bosselaar Netherlands_ Landelijke Clintenraad (National Patients Council),

Branco Hagen Netherlands_ UWV-Institute for Employee Benefits Schemes,

Corine Peeters Netherlands_ Human Rights Commission, Sue O Shea New Zealand_ IHC New Zealand Inc. and Disabled Persons Assembly,

Trish Grant New Zealand_ Fafo-Institute for Labour and Social Research,

Inger Lise Skog Hansen Norway_ Federation of Disability Organisations, Stian Oen Norway_ Labour and Welfare Organisation, Kai Ringelien Norway_ Institute for Labour and Family Research, Kvetoslava Repkova Slovakia_ Labour Market Policy Department, Ministry of Labour,

Social Affairs and Family, Katarna Lankov Slovakia_ Slovak Disability Council, Branislav Mamojka Slovakia_ Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration,

Nerine Khan South Africa_ Department of Labour, Niresh Singh South Africa_ Disabled People South Africa, Siva Moodley South Africa_ Secretariat of the African Decade of Persons with Disabilities,

Thomas Ongolo South Africa_ Association of Supported Employment (AESE),

Fernando Bellver Silvan Spain_ Autonomous University of Barcelona, Ricardo Esteban Legarreta Spain

_ Committee of Representatives of Persons with Disabilities (CERMI), Ana Sastre Spain

_ Directorate General of Policies to Disability Support, Ministry of Health, Laura Diego Garcia Spain

_ University Carlos III of Madrid, Cristina Aragn Gmez Spain_ Drafting Committee of the National Policy on Disability,

Padmani Mendis Sri Lanka_ Leonard Cheshire Disability Resource Centre, Ali Zakky Sri Lanka_ National Secretariat for Persons with Disabilities,

Ministry of Social Services, Calistus Jayamanne Sri Lanka_ Ministry of Employment, Helle Ellehj Sweden_ rebro University and Swedish Institute for Disability Research,

Johanna Gustafsson Sweden_ Riksdagens Committee on the Labour Market,

Elise Marie Donovan Sweden_ Social Insurance Agency, Hans Goine Sweden_ Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO), Sofie Rehnstrm Sweden_ Leonard Cheshire Disability, Richard Mukaga Uganda_ Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development,

Samson Masiga Uganda_ National Union of Disabled Persons, Edson Ngirabakunzi Uganda_ Cardiff University, Steve Beyer United Kingdom_ Centre for Mental Health, Bob Grove United Kingdom_ Centre for Mental Health, Geoff Shepherd United Kingdom_ Department for Work and Pensions, Jillia James United Kingdom_ Disability Rights UK, Liz Sayce United Kingdom_ Equality 2025, Rachel Perkins United Kingdom_ Review Panel to Access to Work, Mike Adams United Kingdom_ South West London & St. Georges Mental Health NHS Trust,

Miles Rinaldi United Kingdom_ Civil Rights Law & Consulting, Michele Magar USA_ Disability Rights Legal Center, Loyola Law School,

Paula D. Pearlman USA_ Loyola Law School , Michael Waterstone USA_ National Center for Independent Living, Kelly Buckland USA_ National Council on Disability, Joan Durocher USA

c) Members of the Scientific Advisory BoardEssl Foundation, Michael Fembek Austria_ European Disability Forum, Javier Gemes Belgium_ World Future Council, Ingrid Heindorf Germany _ Disabled Peoples International, Javed Abidi India_ Centre for Disability Law & Policy, National University of Ireland,

Gerard Quinn Ireland_ Rehabilitation International, Anne Hawker New Zealand_ Secretariat of the African Decade of Persons with Disabilities,

Thomas Ongolo South Africa_ EFC Consortium of Foundations on Human Rights and Disability,

Miguel . Cabra de Luna Spain_ International Disability Alliance, Stefan Trmel Spain_ Institute for Independent Living, Adolf Ratzka Sweden_ International Labour Organization, Barbara Murray Switzerland_ Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights,

Stefano Sensi Switzerland_ Business Disability Forum, Susan Scott-Parker United Kingdom_ University of Leeds, Anna Lawson United Kingdom_ Cornell University, Susanne Marie Bruyre USA_ Harvard University, Michael Stein USA_ Munger, Tolles & Olson, Charles Siegal USA_ Organisation of American States, Pamela Molina Toledo USA


PREFACE

The mission of the Essl Foundation is to remove barriers, es-pecially for disadvantaged persons, and to work for a morejust and equal society. In 2007, my wife Gerda and I established the Essl Founda-tion in order to consolidate our social activities under theauspices of a single organisation. As owners of the bauMaxGroup a leading retailing group in the field of home im-provement in nine countries between Austria, our homecountry, and Turkey, to the East the Essl family, throughthe company, continues to be intimately involved in socialaffairs. For many years, employing persons with disabilitieshas shaped the companys culture, as has partnering withmore than 180 Disabled Peoples Organisations in all thecountries in which we are active.The Essl Social Prize was the first major activity of the EsslFoundation. Established in 2007, it is awarded to distin-guished social entrepreneurs who have proven their abilityto create successful social enterprises from their visions fora better world. The Zero Project is the second major project. Launched onlyin 2010, the Zero Project`s vision of a world without barri-ers" is already more than a slogan. It is a vision with somevery clear lines of sight to make that really happen: Innovation: We are searching for innovation. We try to findthe most outstanding Innovative Practices where persons,with or without disabilities, have developed new solutionsfrom the bottom up to improve the lives of persons withdisabilities. Cooperation: The Zero Project is an innovation in itself.There has been nothing like this before: a growing networkof experts, who voluntarily contribute their knowledge andexpertise. All told, well over 350 persons have already ac-tively participated with us in what we are doing. The ZeroProject, however, is really only the platform for all the per-sons with disabilities and the experts themselves who evalu-ate, compare, select and comment, on a peer-to-peer-basis. Sharing information: The Zero Project shares all its researchfreely with the present report, on the website www.zero-project.org, and at its annual Zero Project Conference (inVienna on February 18 and 19, 2013).Staying focused, but remaining flexible: Whilst we alwayshave our mission in mind, we also try to be as close as pos-sible to the real needs of persons with disability. It turnedout, for example, that, last year, an even more in-depthlook at, and comparison of, our information was both asked

for and needed. Therefore, we decided to put one particularright from the UN CRPD at the heart of our work each year.We started with employment: social indicators, InnovativePractices and Innovative Policies, together with a specialsurvey, are, this year, all focused on employment and dis-ability.Sound scientific work and database: In 2011, we decided toenter into a long-term partnership with the World FutureCouncil (WFC). The WFC provides invaluable expertise in se-lecting Innovative Policies. Here, and in all our work, wemake every effort to supply a maximum of quality data andmake evaluation and selection processes as comprehensiveand transparent as possible.I would like to thank all of those who have collaborated onthis report, particularly Michael Fembek, who, togetherwith his team of Tom Butcher, Ingrid Heindorf and CarolineWallner-Mikl, authored the report. I am personally gratefulto all of the persons concerned, scholarly advisors, interestrepresentatives and NGOs, who, with their enormous com-mitment, have played such an important role in the reali-sation and development of the Zero Project, including Prof.Clemens Sedmak and Prof. Michael Meyer, to name justtwo. My sincere thanks are also owed to Bill Drayton,founder of Ashoka, who on a personal level, encouragedme to pursue the path embarked upon here, and to Jakobvon Uexkll. I am especially grateful for the support thatthe Zero Project has, right from the start, received fromMiguel Anguel Cabra de Luna and Maria Orejas at the European Foundation Centre. I also want to mention myspecial gratitude to Barbara Murray from the InternationalLabour Organisation, who is an invaluable supporter of theZero Project, Erwin Proell (governor of the country state ofLower Austria) and Willibald Cernko (CEO of Bank Austria)for their support of this years Zero Project Conferencein Austria.Finally, I should like to dedicate this years report to thememory of Charles Siegal (1946-2012), a wonderful manand true champion of persons with disabilities. He attendedand spoke at our first conference in January, and we sharedso many ideas and plans for the future. He is an inspirationto us all. He died on August 26, 2012.

Martin Essl Founder and Chairman of the Essl Foundation, December 2012

Preface by Martin Essl


FOREWORD

Women and men with disabilities have demonstrated theirwillingness to work and their capacity to contribute effec-tively and productively in their places of employment. Yetmany are prevented from making this contribution by arange of barriers which result in their underemployment,unemployment, or labour market inactivity. This entails sig-nificant social and economic losses and results in a terriblewaste of potential, for the individuals themselves, theircommunities and the wider societies in which they live.Globally, the losses arising have been estimated at between3 and 7 per cent of GDP in an International Labour Office(ILO) pilot study of ten low- and middle-income developingcountries. Investment in more effective strategies forlabour market inclusion can yield returns to society and beof benefit to everyone. Renewed impetus has been given to advocacy of the right ofpersons with disabilities to decent and productive work, andemployment in the open labour market, on an equal basiswith others, is brought by the U.N. Convention on the Rightsof Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), following the adoption ofthe ILOs Convention concerning the Vocational Rehabilita-tion and Employment of Disabled Persons (No. 159) in1983. Whether peoples disability dates from birth or anearly age, or they acquired their disability in the course oftheir working lives, the CRPD requires States Parties to pro-mote and protect this right by fostering a labour market andwork environment that is open, inclusive and accessible topersons with disabilities who will have opportunities tofreely choose or accept the jobs they perform. This vision of an open and accessible labour market is nowthe guiding aim for the many countries that have ratified theUN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Asthese countries plan measures to give effect to this vision,opportunities for decent livelihoods will be opened up for theestimated 785 million persons with disabilities of workingage in the world today.The ILO welcomes the ESSL Foundation initiative to supportpersons with disabilities through the Zero Project that aimsto remove barriers to their full participation in society, andparticularly welcomes the focus on employment in 2012/13,which is very much in line with the ILOs own mandate. Policy-makers and practitioners will be greatly informed bythe examples of Innovative Practices in employment promo-tion described in the 2013 Zero Project Report. Set againstthe backdrop of survey findings from 82 countries and con-

sidered by an international team of experts to reflect thespirit and principles of the UN CRPD, these examples includea range of measures which have contributed in differentways to improving the employability and employment ofpersons with disabilities. Promoting skills development thateffectively prepares people with disabilities for work in theopen labour market; supporting job-seekers in finding jobssuited to their interests and abilities; transforming shelteredworkshops; and enabling those who acquire disabilities inthe course of their working lives to return to work areamong the examples described. Some of the policies andpractices featured cater to people with disabilities in gen-eral, while others focus on those with specific disabilitiessuch as autism. The conference planned to present and discuss these casestudies in Vienna in February 2013 will provide an opportu-nity for building networks and further exchange on whatneeds to be done to improve employment opportunities forpersons with disabilities around the world.

Barbara Murray International Labour OrganizationDecember 2012

Foreword by Barbara Murray, ILO


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

For many years, the Essl family, owners of the bauMaxGroup, have been involved in social affairs in theirbusiness lives as well as privately. In 2007, Martin andGerda Essl established the Essl Foundation (Martin andGerda Essl Sozialpreis Gemeinntzige Privatstiftung) inorder to consolidate their social activities under oneorganisational roof. Since 2008, the Essl Social Prize,endowed with prize money of one million Euros, hasbeen awarded each year to outstanding social entre-preneurs and their innovative projects. In 2010 theZero Project was initiated as the second major projectof the Essl Foundation, joined in 2011 by the World Fu-ture Council as a partner.

The Zero ProjectThe Zero Project (www.zeroproject.org) advocates therights of persons with disabilities internationally. Itcreates platforms for sharing and developing modelsthat clearly improve the daily lives and legal rights ofpersons with disabilities. Each year, on December 3, the projects research workand findings are published as the Zero Project Report.All the research can be carried out and all results col-lected thanks to our network of persons with disabili-ties, DPOs and NGOs, academics and foundation staff,umbrella and supranational organisations, administra-tive staff, associations and other experts who voluntar-ily provide their expertise by responding to question-naires, nominating practices and policies, addingexpertise in the selection process and finally choosingthe most innovative solutions. The Zero Projects net-work has grown constantly, with a total of 374 personscontributing to this years research. The follow-up and summarising were carried out bythe team of the Essl Foundation and the World FutureCouncil. Besides the present report, this years re-search is also published in a German version directedat the Austrian community, which also includes astudy from the research institute IHS analysing allavailable data in Austria on the employment of per-sons with disabilities. The complete research is alsoavailable at the Zero Project website (www.zeropro-ject.org). At the Zero Project Conference, scheduledfor February 18 and 19, 2013, all Innovative Prac-

tices and Policies will be presented to, and discussedwith, the members of the Zero Project network. Inaddition, it is planned, together with the World Fu-ture Council and the Permanent Mission of Austria tothe United Nations Office at Geneva, to present thecurrent results at a side event at the UN HumanRights Council in March 2013.

Three areas of activityThe Zero Project has identified three areas of activity:1. Social Indicators that measure and compare theimplementation of the CRPD: In addition to the socialindicators used, in part, by Focal Points, independentmonitoring mechanisms and shadow reports, thebiggest need is seen in adding indicators that arebased on examples and anecdotal evidence, and whichcan be easily researched and compared. The system ofZero Project Indicators contributes arguments to thediscussion, helping to support those who work to im-plement the CRPD nationally or even regionally.Equally importantly, the data are based on how ex-perts appraise the situation in their own countries. Inthe Zero Project Report of 2013, two sets of indicatorsare included: a. The standard questionnaire, measuring the imple-

mentation of some of the most important rights (ar-ticles) of the UN CRPD. 23 indicators are defined,among them 20 that were part of the survey in2010 (Essl Social Index) and the Zero Project Re-port of 2012.

b. The employment questionnaire, measuring specifi-cally the implementation of the employment rightsunder UN CRPD Article 27. Ten employment indica-tors have been defined and included in the Reportfor the first time.

2. Innovative Practices: The Zero Projects plat-form for Innovative Practices (until last years reportand conference called Good Practices) helps deci-sion-makers to improve both the implementation ofthe CRPD and the lives of persons with disabilities,and actively involves various kinds of stakeholdersand experts who nominate, comment, appraise andevaluate Innovative Practices. Innovative Practicesare mainly developed in a bottom up approach and

Executive Summary


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

improve the situation of those with disabilities withnew technologies, employment models etc.From this years research 40 Innovative Practices havebeen selected by the Zero Projects network of expertsand are presented in the report. All of them focus onemployment of persons with disabilities, in line withthis years overall theme of employment. 3. Innovative Policies: Containing promising ele-ments and having achieved identifiable improvementson the ground, Innovative Policies point to a positivedynamic change that can be easily replicated in manycountries around the world to advance the implemen-tation of the UN CRPD. Being of either a regional ornational nature, Innovative Policies are laws, regula-tions or programmes that overcome the conditionsthat act as barriers to the full exercise of employmentrights by persons with disabilities, perform well in ap-plying the Future Just Lawmaking Methodologyadopted by the World Future Council, andwere se-lected by the Scientific Advisory Board of the ZeroProject.Eleven Innovative Policies are presented in the report.They cover mostly overlooked areas, including appren-ticeships, employment services and support for peoplewith intellectual or psychosocial disabilities.

The Zero Project Social IndicatorsThe Zero Project Social Indicators (chapter 1: SocialIndicators and chapter 2: Employment Indicators) arespecifically aimed at rendering international differ-ences transparent and tangible. Using key data, theZero Project Social Indicators condense the overall pic-ture in one country and, in doing so, help render itboth transparent and comparable. This is reinforced bya simple optical traffic light colour code:GREEN: in the respective country/province the prob-lem addressed is satisfactorily solvedORANGE: in the respective country/province the prob-lem addressed is partially/sometimes solved RED: in the respective country/province the problemaddressed is not satisfactorily solved

Social Indicators SurveyVarious articles, specifically Articles 8-33, of the UNConvention serve to underpin the questions asked inthe social indicators, which was conducted using ques-tionnaires. The survey consisted of 23 questions and

was undertaken in 55 countries (please see map at theend of the executive summary for details and results).Here are some of the outstanding results: Perhaps not surprisingly in this economic climate,

the question Did the percentage of persons withdisabilities employed increase in 2011? got themost red lights: 36 countries out of 55 answerednegatively. Many persons with disabilities lost theirjobs, funding for employment support was cut andmost of the time employment policies for personswith disabilities have not been a priority.

Another question with an extremely high percentageof red lights concerned statistics for persons withdisabilities graduating from university: in most coun-tries they are simply not available, making efficientpolicy-making in this field barely possible.

Even very simple and inexpensive implementation ofthe UN CRPD is not undertaken in many countries.In only four countries is the official version of the UNCRPD available in an audio version, a sign languagetranslation and a plain language version in all of thecountrys official languages.

Relatively positively, however, experts from over58% of countries confirmed that all newly con-structed buildings to which there is public access arerequired by law to be accessible.

In just over half of all countries, a child with disabili-ties has the right to receive free and compulsory pri-mary education within the mainstream educationalsystem. But as many of the comments and remarkstestify, whether all the schools are accessible, orevery child is actually able to exercise that right, is avery different matter.

Finally, and specifically in relation to this yearstheme of employment, when it comes to taking allnecessary action on accommodations in the work-

Total

EU

OECD

Non-OECD

33% 2%

2%

1%

3%

38%27%

21%43%34%

22%43%34%

44%34%19%

Social Indicators Survey Summary of answers


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

place for persons with disabilities, in only 11 re-sponding countries did no such obligation on the partof employers exist.

In total, only about 27% of all traffic lights chosenwere green; in non-OECD countries the percentageis below 20%. A clear third of all traffic lights arered, and even in the more highly developed EU andOECD countries this figure is 21-22% (see chart).

Employment Indicators SurveyArticle 27 of the UN Convention (Work and employ-ment) served as the basis from which to develop, inconsultation with leading experts, the questions askedin our employment indicators. Like the social indica-tors, the employment indicators was conducted withquestionnaires, using traffic lights and additional re-marks as the main means of information. The Zero Project Employment Indicators was under-taken in 82 countries and, with only a few exceptions,the questionnaires were completed by member organi-sations of the global network Disabled Peoples Inter-national. The 10 questions covered:

1. Protection against discrimination in the process of hiring 2. Promotion of employment in the private sector 3. Opportunities for self-employment4. Access to vocational and continuous training 5. Assistance to find jobs 6. Right to equal remuneration 7. Gap between the general employment rate and persons

with disabilities in employment8. Quota system in the public sector 9. Rights to redress grievances

10. Additional rules relating to the dismissal of persons with disabilities

Here are some of the most important results: Most strikingly only a tiny fraction of experts stated

that the employment rate of persons with disabilitiesin their country differs 15% or less from the overallemployment rate (question 7). Despite all the meas-ures to promote the employment of persons withdisabilities, in nearly all countries the rights as de-fined in UN CRPD Article 27 can barely be exercised.

Promisingly, in almost half of the countries expertsconfirmed that the basic right to equal remunerationexists (question 6).

In addition, in over 40% of countries persons withdisabilities have the right to be protected againstdiscrimination in the hiring process (question 1) andto redress grievances (question 9). However, un-awareness about existing rights not only amongemployers and government, but also among personswith disabilities themselves is very often a key ob-stacle in translating those rights into action, espe-cially when it comes to protection against discrimi-nation in the hiring process (question 1).

Quite positive is the variety and efficiency of meas-ures to support employment in the private sector insome countries. However, most experts complainedabout the non-existence or inefficiency of policiessupporting private sector employment, self-employ-ment and assistance to find work (question 2, 3, 5).

The lack of accessibility of workplaces, training facili-ties and public transport is often mentioned as oneof the main reasons why measures to support theemployment of persons with disabilities are highlyinefficient (question 4 and 5).

A quota system (which is not mandatory under theUN CRPD, but most often regarded as an efficient af-firmative action) is in place for public sector employ-ment in more than a third of the countries and inmost cases appreciated by the experts.

Not many countries (11%) received green lightsfrom experts when they were asked about the exis-tence of additional rules relating to the dismissal ofpersons with disabilities (question 10). However, afew experts considered those rules to be potentiallycounter-productive, as over-protection can also bean obstacle in the employment process.

In general, 40% of all assessments by experts werered lights; in non-OECD countries it was up to 45%(see graph).

40%22%38%

19%63%

24%17%59%

45%25%30%

Total

EU

OECD

Non-OECD

Employment Indicators Survey Summary of answers

18%


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

40 Innovative Practices In this years Zero Project Report, from the over 120examples that were originally nominated, 40 Innova-tive Practices (2012: 25) have been published fromaround the world which, in keeping with this yearstheme, relate specifically to persons with disabilitiesand employment. The selection process for InnovativePractices is a multistep approach, involving a networkof experts at every step. The Zero Project team isgrateful to the Ashoka Organisation, which helped theZero Project team to shape this process and, also, toadd expertise to the selection committee: First, the Zero Project team sought experts on em-

ployment and disability from around the world.About 200 experts were chosen.

In a second stage, nominations were made on aform specially created for that purpose, which in-cluded basic facts about the nominated project. Morethan 120 nominations were received.

A selection committee, consisting of a further 18 ex-perts, evaluated the nominations, according to thefollowing criteria: innovation, impact, chances oflong-term growth and success and finally scalability.

Here are some of the most outstanding results:1. Global outreach: One of the side events at thefifth session of the Conferenc

zero report 2013 gb1

Documents

rights of persons

countries survey

project network

accessibility of public

international organisations

world future council

alternative testing

tino ranftl