I F S /

ZOOLOGY

^ The grass shrimps of the genus Hippolyte/rowi the west coast of North America

F E N N K R A . C H A C E , J R .

U. S. National Museum

HWERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY

Crushe*

R e p r i n t e d f r o m J O U R N A L OF T H E W A S H I N G T O N A C A D E M Y O P S C I E N C E S

Volume 41, No. 1, January 15, 1951

Made in United States of America

Reprinted from JOCRNAI, OF T H E W A S H I N G T O N AOADKMT OK S C I E N C E S

Volume 41, No. 1, January 1951

J A N U A R Y 19o l C I IACE : GRASS SHRIMPS OF GKNUS H IPPOLYTK 3 5

ZOOLOGY.—T h e grass shrimps of the genus Hippolyte from the west coast of North America.1 F E N N E R A . C H A C E , J R . , XI. 8 . National Museum.

Two species of Hippolyte have been de-

scribed from the Pacific coast of North

America. One, Hippolytr. califomiemis, has

been recorded from several localities be-

tween Sitka, Alaska, and Santa Inez Bay,

Baja California. The other, // . rnexicana, was described by me from a series of muti-

lated specimens from the latter locality. I

am now convinced that 11. rnexicana repre-

sents the previously nndescribed male of // .

californiensis. Examinat ion of material in

the collections of the U .S . Nat ional Museum

indicates, however, that specimens from the

northern part of the recorded range of // .

calif or niensis are very distinct, from those

from the southern part and that they be-

long to a hitherto nndescribed species.

I t is a pleasure to name this species after

Aust in I I . Clark, retiring curator of echino-

derms, 1". S. Nat ional Museum, in recog-

nition not only of his outstanding contribu-

tions to our knowledge of many groups of

animals but , especially, of his even broader

influence on natural history through the

assistance and encouragement he always

has ready for biologists whose major goals

still lie ahead.

Hippolyte californiensis Holmes

Figs. 1, a-e

Hippolyte ad'ifornie-nsis Holmes, 1895, p. 576, pi. 20, figs. 21-26 (type local it v, Bodega Bay, Calif, jcotypes, U.S.N.M. no. 18697); 1900, p. 193. —Rathbun, 1904, p. 56 (part).-Schmitt, 1921, p. 48 (part), figs. 26, a-b (not fig. 26, c); 1924a, p. 165 (part); 1924b, p. 387.—Chace, 1937, p. 126.

Hippolyte rnexicana Chace, 1937, p. 127, fig. 6 (type locality, Santa Inez Bay, Baja California., Mex-ico; holotype, no. 361076, Department, of Trop-ical Research, New York Zoological Society).

Female.—Carapace not inflated. Four pairs of

subequally spaced tufts of plumose setae on dor-

sal part of carapace. Supraorbital spine reaching

forward about as far as, or slightly beyond, hind

margin of orbit. Antennal spine small, separated

by a U-shaped notch from suborbital angle; the

latter is blunt, but produced nearly or quite as

1 Published by permission of the Secretary ot the Smithsonian Institution. Received October 6, 1950.

far as the antennal spine. Branchiostegal spine

prominent and set far back from anterior margin

of carapace, the tip falling short of the margin by

at least half the length of the spine.

Rostrum reaching not quite as far as, or a

little beyond, end of antennal scale. Upper mar-

gin straight, or a little concave, arid armed with

three or four teeth behind the tip. The tip is

usually bifid, the upper tooth overreaching the

lower. Lower margin set on a very narrow crest,

slightly wider than the dorsal one, and armed

with three to five teeth behind the tip. Supporting

ridge on each lateral face of rostrum very sharp

posteriorly, becoming blunt, and finally indistinct

on the anterior half.

Third somite of abdomen produced in a very

low, rounded cap over anterior portion of fourth

somite. There is a tuft of plumose setae on each

side of the cap near the margin, arid another pair

near the middle. Fifth somite unarmed. Sixth

somite one and three-fourths times as long as

fifth. Tel so n as long as sixth somite, flattened

dorsoventrally, and armed with two pairs of

lateral spines, the anterior pair inserted not

quite half way from the base to the tip of the

telson, and the posterior pair about midway be-

tween the first pair and the tip; there are six or

seven terminal spinules, the two submedian pairs

about subequal in length and longer than the

lateral pair.

Cornea of eye wider than stalk and not reach-

ing as far forward as tip of stylocerite. Stylocerite

slender, sharp, and separated from main portion

of segment by a narrow emargination. First

antennular segment armed with an outer distal

spine (and sometimes a smaller spine mediad

to the first). Second segment about twice as long

as third. Inner flagellum made up of 18 to 22

segments, the outer one of 9 to 11 segments

the first () to <S of which are somewhat inflated.

Antenna with a lower spine on basis. Scale nar-

row with subparallel sides, the inner angle of the

blade strongly produced far beyond the outer

spine.

External maxillipeds rather stout and reaching

somewhat beyond the tip of the spine on the

basis of the antenna. The exopod is well de-

veloped. First legs robust, unarmed; carpus dis-

tinctly longer than palm. First joint of carpus

of second legs a little over twice as long as second,

JOURNAL OF TIIK WASH INOTON ACADKMY OK SCIKNCKS VOL. 41, NO. 1

which is about three-fourths as long; as third

(one specimen examined has the second joint

fully as long as the third); chela usually shorter

than combined lengths of second and third joints

of carpus. Third leg reaching forward nearly as

far as end of antennular peduncle; merus with

three to five lateral spines; carpus with one;

propodus very slender, armed ventrally with

about seven .spines, increasing in size distally;

dactyl long and slender, with three stout spines

at tip and ten to thirteen on lower margin, in-

creasing in size distally. Fourth leg extending

forward about as far as end of antenna! peduncle;

merus armed with three lateral spines; carpus

with one; propodus and dactyl as in third leg.

Fifth leg reaching forward to terminal third of

basis of antenna; merus and carpus armed with

one spine each; propodus and dactyl as in leg

Male. Rostrum slender, reaching about to

middle of second antennular segment, and

straight or slightly downcurved throughout its

length. Rostral margins subparallel, armed dor-

sally with two to four, usually three, teeth, and

ventrally with one to three, usually two,

teeth near the tip.

Sixth abdominal somite about one and three-

fourths times as long as fifth, as in female, but

telson is slightly longer than the sixth somite.

Fic;. 1.—a, // i pptdi/le nilifornietiftin, frontal part of female from Dillon Beach, Calif., XX.3; 6, dorsal view of right antennule of female eotype, XN.5; c, second right leg of same .specimen, XN.3; d, t hird right leg of same specimen, XS.8; e, dactyl of same, X17. I ; /", Hippolt/le cla.rki, n. sp., frontal part, of female holotype, XN.3; ft. dorsal view of right antennule of holotype, XK.3; h, second right leg of hol-otype, XN.3; /, third right leg of holotype, X8M; j, dactyl of same, X17.4; k, anterior view of second right pleopod of holotype, X17.1; /, frontal part, of male paratype from Friday Harbor, Wash., X<S..'5; •m, second right leg of same specimen, X8.3; n, t hird right leg of same specimen, XS.Ii; o, dact yl of same, XJ7.4; p, anterior view of second right pleopod of same specimen, X17.4.

J A N U A R Y 1951 CHACE: GRASS SHR IMPS OF GENUS H IPPOLYTE 3 7

Eyes leaching forward about- to end of stylo-

cerite. First antennular segment armed with row

of three spines on distal margin. Outer antennular

•flagellum composed of about 16 segments, the

proximal 10 of which are inflated.

External maxillipeds reaching beyond tip of

antennal scale. Legs proportionately longer than

in female; third legs reach well beyond end of

antennal scale. Propodi of last three pairs very

broad and flat in distal half. Dactyls of these

legs armed with about 16 spines on lower margin

and two large apical spines, which are followed

on the distal end of the upper margin by a row

of five spines which become progressively smaller

proximally.

Color. -Cireen (Holmes); green with pink mar-

gins (Hilton).

Measurements. -Carapace lengths of smallest

ovigerous female and largest female examined,

4.9 and 6.8 mm, respectively. Carapace lengths

of males, 2.7 to 3.8 mm.

Range. West coast of North America from

Bodega Bay, Calif., to the Culf of California.

Material examined. Bodega Bay, Calif.; from

University of California; 2 females (1 ovigerous),

cotypes (U.S.N.M. no. 18(i97).

Dillon Beach, Marin County, Calif, (tide flats

in eel-grass area); June 8, 1941; C . M. Scheibner;

1 female (U.S.N.M. no. 8971(5).

Mugu Bay, Ventura County, Calif.; May 31,

1923; E . P. Chace; 5 females (3 ovigerous)

(U.S.N.M. no. 89710).

Balboa, Calif, (in eel grass); December 26,

1917; W. A. Hilton; from Pomona College; 2

females (1 ovigerous) (U.S.N.M. no. 50659).

Sari Diego, Calif.; March 9, 1898; Albatross; 5 females (2 ovigerous) (U.S.N.M. no. 23403).

Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico; Novem-

ber 28, 1936; S. A. Classell; 1 female (U.S.N.M.

no. 89678).

Off Cape San Lazaro, Baja California, Mexico

(in kelp); March 28, 1936; Zaca Expedition; 1

specimen (D.T.R. , N.Y.Z.S. no. 361072).

Santa Inez Bay, Baja California, Mexico (in

stomach of American eared grebe); April 9, 1936;

Zaca Expedition; 27 specimens (D.T.R. , N.Y.Z.S.

nos. 361073, 361077). Same (in stomach of Amer-

ican eared grebe); April 11, 193(5; 105 specimens

(D.T.R., N.Y.Z.S. nos. 361074, 361078, and

M.C.Z. no. 9501). Same; 1 fathom; April 15,

1936; 1 male (holotype of //. rnexicana, D.T.R. ,

N.Y.Z.S. no. 3(51076). Same; 3 fathoms; April 15,

1936; I female (D.T.R. , N.Y.Z.S. no. 361075).

Hippolyte clarki, n. sp.

Figs. I . , f - p

Hippolyte. californiensis Rathbun, 1904. p. 56 (part.).—Schmitt.. 1921, p. 48 (part ), fig. 26, c; 1924a, p. 165 (part ). Not //. caHforniensia Holmes, US! 15.

Female. Carapace not inflated. A pair of

tufts of plumose setae on cardiac region and

another on anterior gastric region. Supraorbital

spine not large, reaching forward slightly be-

yond hind margin of orbit. Antennal spine small,

separated by a U-shaped notch from suborbital

angle; the latter is blunt, but produced about as

far as the antennal spine. Branchiostegal spine

prominent arid set well back from anterior mar-

gin of carapace, the tip falling short of the margin

by nearly half the length of the spine.

Rostrum extending well beyond end of an-

tennal scale. Upper margin concave in the prox-

imal third and straight and ascending distally,

or concave throughout, and usually armed with

two teeth above the eye; occasional specimens

are found with one or three teeth on the dorsal

margin behind the tip. The tip is usually trifid,

a small tooth being placed on each margin just

back of the apex; occasionally either the dorsal

or ventral subapical tooth may be absent (one

specimen examined has two subapical teeth on

the upper margin, causing the tip of the rostrum

to appear quadridentate). Lower margin with a

narrow crest, deepest at about the end of the

proximal third, and armed with one to five teeth.

Supporting ridge on each lateral face of rostrum

blunt, not sharply carinate, although prominent

proximally.

Abdomen with a pair of tufts of plumose setae

on posterior parts of first and second somites and

two pairs of such tufts on third. Third somite

produced in a low, blunt cap over anterior part

of fourth somite. Fifth somite unarmed. Sixth

somite nearly twice as long as fifth. Telson slightly

shorter than sixth somite, flattened dorsoven-

trally, and armed with two pairs of lateral spines,

the anterior spine inserted at a point not quite

halfway from the base to the tip of the telson,

and the posterior one about midway between

the first pair and the tip; there are from six to

eight terminal spines, of which the submedian

pair is the longest.

Cornea of eye wider than stalk, forming a

rather bulbous tip to the stalk, and reaching for-

ward about to the end of the stylocerite. Stylo-

cerite sharp, separated from first segment of

38 JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SC IENCES V O L . 4 1 , NO. I

antennular peduncle by a narrow emargination.

First antennular segment unarmed distally. Sec-

ond and third segments slender, the second seg-

ment fully twice as long as the third. Inner flagel-

lum made up of 16 to 22 segments, the outer one

of 8 to 11, of which the first is usually very long

and all but the last three or four moderately in-

flated. Antenna with a lower spine on basis.

Scale narrow with subparallel sides, the inner

angle of the blade angular and produced far be-

yond the level of the outer spine.

External maxillipeds rather slender, reaching

nearly as far as end of antenna! peduncle. There

is a fairly well developed exopod. First legs ro-

bust, unarmed; carpus distinctly longer than

palm. First joint of carpus of second legs nearly

three times as long as second, which is slightly

shorter than the third; chela a little shorter than

the combined lengths of the second and third

joints of the carpus. Third leg reaching forward

about to end of antennal scale; merus with two

to five lateral spines; carpus with one; propodus

slender with subparallel sides and armed ventrally

with five to seven pairs of spinules increasing in

length distally, the inner spine of each pair being

much shorter than the outer; dactyl broad arid

short, armed with six to eight ventral spines and

a double row of eight longer ones crowded onto

the distal half of the upper margin. Fourth leg

extending forward nearly to end of second seg-

ment of antennular peduncle; merus armed with

up to five lateral spines; carpus with one; pro-

podus and dactyl as in third leg. Fifth leg reach-

ing forward about to end of first antennular seg-

ment; merus armed with up to four lateral spines;

carpus with one; propodus and dactyl as in third

leg.

Male.—Rostrum slender, reaching about to

end of antennular peduncles, and somewhat up-

curved distally. Rostral margins subparallel. Ros-

tral armature roughly as in females (one male

examined has no ventral tooth); the tip is often

more obscurely trifid than in the female, because

either the dorsal or ventral subapical tooth may-

lie placed farther from the tip.

Third segment of abdomen lower than in the

female, the cap over the proximal portion of the

fourth somite less pronounced.

Eyes reaching forward well beyond end of

stylocerite. Outer antennular flagellum composed

of 8 to 16 segments, all but the terminal 3 to 5

of which are somewhat more noticeably inflated

than in the female.

External maxillipeds reaching well beyond end

of antennal peduncle. All of the legs are longer

than in the female; third legs overreach antenna!

scale by length of dactyl and most of propodus.

Propodi of last three pairs very broad and flat in

distal half, the inflated portion being armed with

seven pairs of large spines. Dactyls of these legs

elongate, ending in a strong spine, with a row of

about 14 spines on lower margin and five or six

pairs of close-set spines on distal third of upper

margin.

There is but one appendix on the endopod of

the second pleopods, but that is strongly setose,

unlike the stylambys in the female.

Age variation.—In small specimens the rostrum

is shorter, reaching just to the tip of the antennal

scales in females, and the cornea is no wider than

the evestalk. As in other species of the genus, the

younger the specimen, the fewer are the seg-

ments in the antennular flagella.

Measurements.—Carapace lengths of smallest,

ovigerous female and largest female examined

3.0 and 6.0 mm, respectively. Carapace lengths

of males 1.7 to 3.2 mm.

Range.---West coast of North America from

Sitka, Alaska, to Puget Sound. A lot of 47 speci-

mens collected by the Anton Dohrn is labeled

''Southern California," but this locality seems

doubtful.

Material examined.--Sitka, Alaska; 10 fath-

oms; June 15, 1899; station 1; Harriman Ex-

pedition, W. E. Ritter; 1 female (U.S .X .M. no.

25846).

Barclay Sound, British Columbia; September

27, 1888; Albatross) I ovigerous female (U.S.N.M.

no. 28330).

Nanaimo, British Columbia; C. II . O'Don-

oghue; 2 males, 1 female (U.S.N.M. no. 54720).

Friday Harbor, Wash.; in eel grass; August 5,

1928; K. L. Hobbs; 1 ovigerous female holotype

(U.S.N.M. no. 91089); 18 males, 13 females (7

ovigerous) (U.S.N.M. no. 63089).

Quarantine Rock, PortTownsend, Wash.; June

27, 1903; Albatross; 2 males, 1 ovigerous female

(U.S.N.M. no. 31866).

Puget Sound; 1895; T. Kincaid; 7 ovigerous

females (U.S.N.M. no. 25835).

"Southern California"; Anton Dohrn; from

Venice Marine Biological Station; 1 male, 46

females (28 ovigerous) (U.S.N.M. no. 50428).

. I anmary I Do I CII\N;: CRASS SIIIUMINS OK <;K\TS IIIITOIATK

UTKK .V iTKK CMTIND

("it \('K, I'"II\.\KR AI.HKKT, JH. The Tempie,ton ('rocker I'i.rpedition,, I II. Caridean decapod Crustacea from the (lull" of California ami tin west coast of Lower California. Zoologica 22

(pi. 2): 10!)- KiN, !) figs. 1<)M7.

Ilor.MKs. S.VMI'KI. JACKSON. Xotes on west Ameri-can Crustacea. I'roc. ('alifontin Aca<l. Sri. 4.:

rm i)SS. pis. 20 21. IS! 15.

HATIIIII N. MAHY JANK. Decapod crustaceans of the northwest coast of \or!h America. Ilarrim.'in

Al;iska Kxpod. 10: I l!>0. !>f> figs.. pis. I 10. I!)0I.

SriiMITT. WAI.DO LVSAI.I.K. The marine dica/>od ('rustacia of California, I n i v . ('al ifornia 1'uM. Zool. 23: 1 170. I(>f> figs., pis. I "><). |<)2l .

. 'I he. Macrura and Annmnra ctdhcled hit tin H ilhams Cala/khjos L.rpedihon. 1!I2M. Zoolugira 5 i If>.< : Mil • 171. figs. 1021.

. L.r/mil t ion of tin California A cade mi/ of Sciences hi I In (iulf of California in HCI. Crustacta i Macrura ami Anomnra'. l'ruc (a l l forma Ar;11i. Sci. 13 (21 : :isl ftsx. !(i'_M

T A U L K I . I ) l S T I N ( i I ! I S I I I N (J ( ' l l A I t A C T K U S ( I K T i l K VV

Uippotyic. California/sis

Female Male

KSTKU.N X OUT 11 AMFUICW Sl'KUKs (ll II

////>/>»/ vie rlarki

F e m a l e M a l e

I I ' lM i l . V T K

R O S T I U M :

R e a c h i n g no t q u i t e as f a r a s , • F a l l i n g s l m r t o f e n d o f s e c o n d

o r a l i t t l e b e y o n d , e n d of j s e g m e n t o f a n t e n n u l a r p e

a n t e n n a l s c a l e . d u n c l e .

N e a r l y h o r i z o n t a l o r f a i n t l y H o r i z o n t a l o r s l i g h t l y d o w n

u p c u r v e d . c u r v e d .

A r m e d W i l l i 3 I d o r s a l a n d :S 5 A r m e d w i t h 2 1 d o r s a l a n d I 3

v e n t r a l t e e t h i n b a c k of ter v en t n i l t e e t h i n b a c k of t e r

i n i t i a l s e t . t i p u s u a l l y b i f i d . m i n a I s e t , t i p u s u a l l y b i f i d .

L a t e r a l s u p p o r t i n g r i d g e S a m e ,

s h a r p a b o v e e y e , b e c o m i n g

b l u n t d i s t a l l y

AHIXI .M KN :

C a p o n t h i r d s o m i t e v e r y l o w . S a m e ,

S i x t h s o m i t e a b o u t I,' t i m e s S a m e ,

a s l o n g as l i f t h .

K Y I : :

N o t r e a c h i n g f o r w a r d as f a r ! R e a c h i n g f o r w a r d a b o u t t o

a s t i p o f s t y l o c e r i t e . ; t i p o f st y l o c e r i t e .

ANTKNNC I .A I < I 'KDI NCI.K:

F'irst s e g m e n t a r m e d w i t h I 2 F i r s t s e g m e n t a r m e d w i t h H

o u t e r d i s t a l s p i n e s . o u t e r d i s t a l s p i n e s .

SI :CONI> i ,K( i :

F i r s t j o i n t o f c a r p u s l i t t l e | F i r s l j o i n t of c a r p u s b a r e l y

m o r e t h a n t w i c e a s l o n g as t w i c e as l o n g as s e c o n d ,

s e c o n d .

TIN NO I.KCI: R e a c h i n g f o r w a r d n e a r l y a s R e a c h i n g f o r w a r d w e l l b e

f a r a s e n d of a n t e n n u l a r p c y o n d e n d ot a n t e n n a l s c a l e ,

d u n c l e .

P a c t y l s l e n d e r , n e a r l y h a l f I D a c t y l m o d e r a t e l y s l e n d e r ,

as l o n g a s p r o p o d u s , a n d • a b o u t h a l f as l o n g as p r o

a r m e d w i t h 10 III v e n t r a l p o d u s , a n d a r m e d w i t h

a n d :t d i s t a l s p i n e s . a b o u t Hi v e n t r a l a n d 7 d i s

t a l s p i n e s e x t e n d i n g o n t o

d o r s a l m a r g i n

R e a c h i n g w e l l b e y o n d e n d of ! R e a c h i n g a b o u t t o e n d o f a

a n t e n n a l s c a l e i n a d u l t s . t c n n u l a i pei

D i s t i n c t ly u p c u n ed o r a s c e n d i S l i g h t l y u p c u r v e d d i s t a l l y .

i n g .

A r m e d w i t h I !! i u s u a l l y S a m e

t e e t h a b o v e e y e a n d I 5 v e n

t l a 1 teet h i n b a c k o f t e r m i n a l

s e t ; t i p u s u a l l y t r i f i d .

L a t e r a l s u p p o r t i n g r i d g e b l u n t S a m e

t h r o u g h o i i t i t s l e n g t h

C a p o n t h i r d s o m i t e s l i g h t l y S a m e ,

h i g h e r a n d m o r e p r o m i n e n t .

S i x t h s o m i t e n e a i l y t w i c e as S a m e

l o n g a s li 11 h .

R e a c h i n g f o r w a r d a b o u t t o t i p R e a c h i n g l o r w a r d n e a r U

of s t y l o c e r i t e e n d of first a n t e n n u l a r scg

ment

Fi rs t s e g m i ' i i t u n a r m e d d i s I S a m e

t a l l y .

F i r s t j o i n t of c a r p u s n e a r l y I S a m e ,

t lu ce I i m p s as l o n g as s e c o n d

R e a c h i n g f o r w a r d a b o u t t o e n d ' < > v c r r e a c h m g a n t e n n a l s c a l e b\

of a n t e n n a l s c a l e l e n g t h o f d a c t y l a n d m o s t o l

p r o p o d u s .

D a c t y l v e r y s t o u t , less t h a n a D a c t y l s l e n d e r , less t h a n h a l f

t h i r d a s l o n g as p r o p o d u s . as l o n g as p r o p o d u s , a n d

a n d a r m e d w i t h li N v e n t r a l a r m e d w i t h a b o u t I I \ e n t i a l

a n i l s (I d i s t a l s p i n e s ex a n d a li d i s t a l s p i n e s

l e n d i n g n e a r l y t o m i d p o i n t t e n d i n g a s h o r t d i s t a n c e o n

of d o r s a l m a r g i n , d o r s a l m a r g i n