zseries, sub-capacity workload license charges, soft-caps, and wlm richard s. ralston humana, inc
TRANSCRIPT
zSeries, Sub-Capacity Workload License Charges, Soft-Caps, and WLM
Richard S. Ralston
Humana, Inc.
Contents
What is Sub-Capacity License ChargesToolsObservations and BehaviorsManaging the LPAR Defined CapacityBenefitsConclusions/ResultsReferencesContact Info
What is Sub-Capacity License Charges
Software cost charging methodology based upon monthly usage and LPAR size definitions (LPAR Defined Capacity)
z/Series and z/OS onlyVWLC software only (z/OS, DB2, CICS,
Netview, COBOL, RACF, etc.)
How Sub-Capacity License Charges Work
Define the LPAR capacity in MSUsUsage is tracked in a 4 hour rolling
averageCharges are based upon the highest 4
hour rolling average or the LPAR Defined Capacity whichever is lower
Aggregate LPARs for economies of scale
Tools
Sub Capacity Planning ToolSub Capacity Reporting ToolLPAR Capacity and Software Usage
Analysis Software (LCS)RMF Monitor III FacilityRMF Performance Monitoring (RMFPM)MXG/MICS/SASWLM
Sub Capacity Planning Tool
Reads RMF Type 70 recordsOne CPC at a timeCreates a CSV fileOutput data consists of the maximum
MSUs used, the 4-hour rolling average for the LPARs for each SMF interval
Use spreadsheet/graphics software for analysis
Sub Capacity Reporting Tool
Uses Type 70 and 89 recordsMust have 95% of the month’s dataReporting month is from the 2nd to the 1stOutput is a CSV that is reviewed, edited
and sent (email) to IBM for billing by the 9th of the month
Web-based submission – early 2005
LPAR Capacity and Software Usage Analysis Software (LCS)
By I/S Management Strategies, LtdReads several files from an MXG PDB
daily and builds its own LCS PDB for VWLC analysis
Provides a comprehensive set of reports that analyze CPC, LPAR and software usage
Output can be used to override the SCRT reports
LPAR Capacity and Software Usage Analysis Software (LCS)
SCRT1B: Compare With the SCRT 'Product Summary Information' LCS: 02.04, LCS Extractor: 02.04, MXG: 22.03, Printed: 08:38 Monday, 02MAY Product Summary Information With MSUs and Syplex/System Combinations Machine Identifier 2084#AC2D, a 2084-303 With Announced Capacity of 191 Reporting Period is 02APR2005. Is z/OS the Only Operating System? Yes Maximum Simultaneous 4 Hour Rolling Average is 176 MSUs which is 92% of the Announced Capacity Product Tool Pricing Product Type Product Name ID Funct'n MSUs Type -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCRT Products Z/OS 5694-A01 S00T4FR 176 VWLC DB2 UDB FOR OS/390 V7 5675-DB2 S00SN65 174 VWLC CICS TS FOR Z/OS V2 5697-E93 S00T7FK 174 VWLC WEBSPHERE MQ FOR Z/OS 5655-F10 S00TDF5 174 VWLC TIVOLI NETVIEW FOR OS/390 5697-B82 S001FFC 174 VWLC ENTERPRISE COBOL 5655-G53 157 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Added w/LCS CA-VIEW CA-VIEW 174 CA-7 CA-7 174 DTS ADDVOL DTSADDVO 142 IBM VS COBOL II COMP AND LIB 5688-023 S0003KB 157 FWLC
Sample Report: SCRT1B
Used to override IBM SCRT reports.
RMF Monitor III Facility 1
RMF Monitor III Facility 1
Green fields updatable Accessing
1. Enter: TSO RMF 2. Select option 3 – MONITOR III 3. Select option 1 – Overview 4. Select option 3 – CPC
PF10 backward, PF11 forward in time Output is placed in JES where it can be
saved and post processed
RMF Performance Monitoring (RMF PM) 1
RMF Performance Monitoring (RMF PM) 2
Automatically updates every minuteLarge selection of RMF variables for
displayCan watch multiple LPARs at a timeWindow are fully scrollable for
duration of time runningSee Chapter 19 of the RMF manual
to install and setup
MXG/MICS/SAS - Roll your own
PDB.TYPE70, PDB.TYPE70PR, PDB.ASUM70PR and PDB.ASUMCEC records in MXG
DETAIL.HARCPUnn and DETAIL.HARLPCnn in MICS
SAS/Graph and spreadsheet/graphics software can develop graphics
WLM
Controls the usage of CPU resources in relationship to the LPAR Defined Capacity
When the 4-hour rolling average MSU consumption exceeds the LPAR Defined Capacity, WLM activates the soft-cap
Determines whether the soft-cap should be activated approximately every 10 seconds
A well defined and working WLM policy is important to ensure that workloads meet their objectives
Observations/Behaviors
Free Software MSUsHardware vs. Software MSUsSoft Capping Behaviors
Free Software MSUs 1
Free Software MSUs 2
Hardware vs. Software MSUs 1
The formula for calculating MSUs is: )10000003600#( CPSUSECINTMSU
The type 70 record contains the software service units per second value (SUSEC for the equation). This value is 15180.27 for a 2084-309, which is a 9 way (9 CPs) z990. Therefore the software MSUs are: )10000003600927.15180(492 INT
The type 72 record contains the hardware service units per second value (SUSEC for the equation). The value is 17353.5792 for the same 2084-309. Therefore the hardware MSUs are: )1000000360095792.17353(562 INT
The IBM published value for hardware MSUs for a 2084-309 is 551.
Hardware vs. Software MSUs 2
Example:
To find the LPAR’s Hardware MSUs use the Ratio equation:
Soft Capping Behaviors 1
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Time of Day
MS
Us
Available MSUs 4 Hour Avg. MSU Comsumption LPAR Defined Capacity MSU's Used
Soft Capping Behaviors 2
Soft Capping Behaviors 3
LPAR - November 2, 2004
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Per
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CPC Capacity 4 Hour Rolling Average LPAR Defined Capacity Actual MSU Usage Percent Capped
Managing the LPAR Defined Capacity
Using the tools to determine the LPAR Defined Capacity
How to set the LPAR Defined CapacityWhen to Set the LPAR Defined CapacityGetting Started
Using tools to determine the LPAR Defined Capacity 1
SAS and MICS or MXG can be used to acquire the requisite MSU consumption data. Using at least 30 days of data, an appropriate starting point for soft-capping can be determined
Daily, weekly and monthly graphs (similar to those used in this paper) can be used to monitor and determine adjustments to the LPAR Defined Capacity (soft-cap).
Using tools to determine the LPAR Defined Capacity 2
Average prime shift HW MSU Usage
LPAR Prime Shift Usage
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11/1
7/20
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/200
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12/1
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/200
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/200
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2004
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/200
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/200
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2004
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Date
MS
U's
Use
d
z900 z990 HW MSUs Capped HW MSUs
Using tools to determine the LPAR Defined Capacity 3
Daily amount of time running soft-capped
LPAR Capping History
0:00:001:00:002:00:003:00:004:00:005:00:006:00:007:00:008:00:009:00:00
10:00:0011:00:0012:00:0013:00:0014:00:0015:00:0016:00:0017:00:0018:00:0019:00:0020:00:0021:00:0022:00:0023:00:0024:00:00
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/20
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Date
Tim
e C
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z900 z990
Obvious increase in capping caused by August grow th before the upgrade.
Continued increase in capping after the upgrade, supporting the need for raising the LPAR Defined Capacity.
August Month-end processing
September increase in capping caused by low ering of the LPAR Defined Capacity.
September Month-end processing
October Month-end processing
Using tools to determine the LPAR Defined Capacity 4
Monthly SW MSU usage projection
System Usage
y = 8.6528x + 260.01R2 = 0.9163
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Month
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Avg. CPU Workload Max. CPU Workload CPC Capacity LPAR Defined Capacity Linear (Avg. CPU Workload)
Using tools to determine the LPAR Defined Capacity 5
SYSTEM MSU Usage
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Time of Day
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LPAR1 LPAR1 4HR Average LPAR2 LPAR2 4HR Average Total CPC Limit Total 4HR Average
How to set the LPAR Defined Capacity 1
The LPAR Defined Capacity (soft-cap) is set at the Hardware Management Console1. Make sure you are logged on the HMC as SYSPROG
2. In the Views pane (top left) select the Groups icon
3. In the bottom left pane select the Defined CPC’s icon
4. Highlight the desired CPC. Note: Only one CPC can be highlighted at a time to correctly change LPAR settings.
How to set the LPAR Defined Capacity 2
5. Rotate the right panel to the CPC Operational Customization panel
6. In the right panel select the Change LPAR Controls icon
7. Change the desired settings, specifically the soft-cap values
8. Select the Save and Change button to place the new soft-cap in effect
9. Un-highlight the CPC in the lower left pane
10. Repeat steps 4 through 9 for each CPC
When to Set the LPAR Defined Capacity 1
Every time an LPAR Defined Capacity is raised during the billing month, the potential exists to raise the software charge for that month.
Once the soft-cap is reached during the month, lowering the LPAR Defined Capacity has no effect on the software bill for the month.
The best time to lower the LPAR Defined Capacity is late (before midnight) on the 1st day of the month (last day of the monthly billing cycle).
When to Set the LPAR Defined Capacity 2
The best time to raise the LPAR Defined Capacity is early (after midnight) on the 2nd of the month (first day of the monthly billing cycle) so that the previous month’s bill will not be impacted.
To avoid possible software charge increases, always lower the soft-caps being decreased before raising the soft-caps being increased.
When adding CPs or upgrading try to maintain the current LPAR Defined Capacity settings, you will still benefit from additional CPs and/or speed.
Getting Started 1
1. Make sure the required APARs are installed (SCRT web site).
2. Download and install the Sub-Capacity Planning Tool.
3. Run the tool against several days of RMF data.
4. Determine that the actual system usage is typically below the CPC capacity.
5. Identify the LPAR Defined Capacity values for your LPARs. Initially, make these values 2-3% below the CPC capacity.
6. Follow the steps previously identified to set the LPAR Defined Capacities.
Getting Started 2
7. Monitor LPAR and workload behaviors, back out and quit if there is a problem at this low level of implementation.
8. Discuss the opportunity to use Sub-Capacity Workload License Charges with IBM and determine that it is a better license option than your current contract. If so, specify a time to convert to VWLC and change your contracts accordingly.
9. Monitor and adjust the LPAR Defined Capacities to maximize the benefit.
Benefits
Cost SavingsManaging System Growth
Cost Savings 1
A data center with 1212 software MSUs over a few CPCs running z/OS, DB2, COBOL, C++, MQSeries, CICS, HSM, DFSORT, GDDM, RMF, SDSF, RACF and Netview could be expected to pay $477,593 per month for the software.
However, if the aggregate sum of the MSU usage and or soft-caps was 990 MSUs the data center would only pay $432,083 for the month, which is a savings of $45,510 per month or an annual savings of $546,120 assuming no growth.
For short bursts of work, the full capacity of the machines is still available, at no additional cost!
Cost Savings 2
When the LPAR Defined Capacity is implemented the actual used MSUs are slightly higher than the LPAR Defined Capacity.
If the same data center implemented Sub-Capacity License Charges (VWLC) and set the LPAR Defined Capacities 2% below the CPC maximums (1188 MSUs) the monthly cost would be $472,673, saving $4,920 per month. That is $59,040 per year with no noticeable change in system performance and capacity.
This is saving $59,000 with just a few hours of work!
Cost Savings 3
Even small data centers can benefit from Sub-Capacity License Charges
Consider a small data center running a 2 CP z800 (2084-002, 60 MSUs)
Running the same software as described in the previous examples, the monthly cost would be $109,848
If the LPAR Defined Capacity is set to to 54 MSUs (90%) the cost is $105,996, saving $3,852 per month
The annual software savings is $46,224 Wouldn’t this provide an education budget!
Managing System Growth
Through aggressive use of WLM and the LPAR Defined Capacity, growth can be slowed down extending the life of the processors
Raising the LPAR Defined Capacity in small increments corresponding to growth in workloads will extend the life of the CPCs and reduce upgrades and replacements
When a CPU upgrade is finally required, the bonanza spurt in usage can be managed with an incremental or no increase in the LPAR Defined Capacity
This also provides an opportunity to manage boom/bust behaviors in CPU usage
Conclusions/Results 1
Significant software cost reduction, the annual salaries of two performance and capacity analysts.
A rampant growth and upgrade schedule averaging one CP per month was reduced with no upgrades occurring for 5 months in a row.
The recommendations to raise the LPAR defined capacities have now become part of the capacity planning function and the decisions have become part of the political landscape.
Raising the LPAR defined capacity costs real money, which requires managerial approval.
Conclusions/Results 2
Sub-Capacity License Charges provide the rare opportunity for performance and capacity analysts to directly show real cost savings, which in turn demonstrates their value to the organization.
All of the tools mentioned in this paper have been used. SCRT provides the monthly billing reports sent to IBM. LCS provides monthly corrections to the SCRT billing
reports sent to IBM. LCS and in house developed reports and graphs track
MSU usage and have been instrumental in establishing LPAR Defined Capacity (soft-cap) values.
References - IBM web sites Parallel Sysplex Aggregation –
http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/swprice/sysplex/ RMF PM, Java TM Technology Edition –
http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/rmf/rmfhtmls/pmweb/pmweb.htm
Sub-Capacity Planning Tool -
http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/swprice/scpt/ Sub-Capacity Reporting Tool -
http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/swprice/scrt/ Workload License Charges Product Listing –
http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/swprice/product.html
zSeries Software Pricing -
http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/swprice/ z/OS RMF -
http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/rmf/?ca=zSeries&met=zrmf&me=A
References - IBM Manuals
IBM eServer zSeries and S/390 Software Pricing Reference Guide, G326-0594-0B, January, 2004
eServer zSeries 900 Processor Resource/Systems Manager Planning Guide, SB10-7033-00, March, 2001
Planning for Subcapacity Pricing, SA22-7999-00, September, 2004 Planning for Workload License Charges, SA22-7506-06, December
2003 Using the Sub-Capacity Reporting Tool SCRT Version 9.1,
SG24-6522-11, September, 2004 z/OS V1R4 RMF Programmer’s Guide, SC33-7994-03. May, 2003 z/OS V1R4 RMF User’s Guide, SC33-7990-05, June, 2003
References - Other web sites
LPAR Capacity and Software Usage Analysis Software (LCS) –
http://www.sherkow.com/lcs LPAR Pricing Listserv -
http://www.listserv.uga.edu/archives/lpar-pricing-l.html
References - Other Documents
Marcy Nechemias, “Defined Capacity,” Draft White Paper, IBM zSeries Software
Alan Sherkow, “IBM’s WLC – Impact on Performance and Capacity Planning,” CMG2003
Alan Sherkow, LPAR Capacity and Software Usage Analysis Software (LCS) User’s Guide Version 02.03, November, 2004
Patricia Wingfield, “No More Downloading – Using SAS/ODS to Create SAS Graphs and HTML Documents for OS/390 Systems,” CMG2003
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