zulu biogas centre v6.0

8/2/2019 Zulu Biogas Centre v6.0

1/22

[|j| O`dha Blcwrl% Iòlra* Rl}wleolr ?==0 %

% A è}jl lcwrl}rlcl|ràj a}}rdabn wd a ac`waw`dc c`hnwearl %

Afr`ba Lclrhp & _lclxaojl

Bardj`ca fdr Iòlra


2/22

] a h l z 1

Waojl df Bdcwlcw

Bdcwlcw

L~lb|w`vl R|eearp############################################################################################?

Oabihrd|cg######################################################################################################2Aod|w wnl I`olra j|e##############################################################################2Aod|w Afr`ba Lclrhp & _lclxaojl###############################################################7

Aod|w Bardj`ca fdr I`olra##########################################################################7Aod|w wnl [|j| Hrd|}###############################################################################

Wnl d}}drw|c`wp; Wnl [|j| O`dha Blcwrl#################################################################0Xnaw ` o`dha4####################################################################################0Xnaw ` a O`dg`hlwlr4##########################################################################0Gdl `w rlajjp xdri4###############################################################################1=

Lbdcde`b Acajp`############################################################################################1?

Rd|rbl df _lvlc|l#################################################################################1?_lq|`rlg @cvlwelcw acg Bdw#################################################################


3/22

] a h l z ?

L~lb|w`vl R|eearp

Wnl }rdklbw aè lrvl ac |celw gleacg fdr wd`jlw `c wnl Iòlra j|e* jdbawlg `c wnl d|wi`rwdf Ca`rdo`* Ilcpa# Op }rdv`g`ch a lrv`bl wd wnl bdee|c`wp* wnl }rdklbw x`jj hlclrawl a

|wa`caojl d|rbl df `cbdel fdr a jdbaj pd|wn adbàw`dc# Wnl }rdklbw x`jj lrvl ac lwèawldf


4/22

] a h l z 2

Oabihrd|cg

Aod|w wnl Iòlra j|e

Iòlra* xn`bn `c wnl C|oàc jach|ahl elac fdrlw dr k|chjl* ` a cl`hnod|rnddg df Ca`rdo`*Ilcpa# @w ` wnl jarhlw df Ilcpa j|e* acg wnl lbdcg jarhlw |roac j|e `c Afr`ba* x`wn aclwèawlg }d}|jaw`dc df olwxllc >==*=== acg 1#? e`jj`dc `cnao`wacw1# Wnl j|e ` jdbawlg

rd|hnjp < i`jdelwrl d|wn%xlw df wnl b`wp blcwrl df Ca`rdo`# Lcbde}a`ch ac arla df rd|hnjp?#< q|arl i`jdelwrl* Iòlra abbd|cw fdr jl wnac 1, df Ca`rdo`( wdwaj arla* o|w ndjg edrl

wnac a q|arwlr df `w }d}|jaw`dc* aw ac lwèawlg glc`wp df ?*=== }ld}jl }lr nlbwarl# Wnlcl`hnod|rnddg ` g`v`glg `cwd a c|eolr df v`jjahl* `cbj|g`ch Iàcga* Rdxlwd* Hawxlilra*I`|e|Cgdhd* J`cg`* Ja`c`Raoa* R`racha$\cg|h|* Eai`ca acg Eanèdc`#

@w ` lwèawlg wnaw dc avlrahl* 2#7 }ld}jl dbb|}p 1=e ?`chjl%rdde wr|bw|rl o|`jw frde e|g*wèolr acg bdrr|hawlg `rdc nllw# Wnl n`hn }d}|jaw`dc glc`wp* |c}jacclg acg brdxglgnd|`ch* acg jabi df `cfrawr|bw|rl navl rl|jwlg `c }ddr }rdv``dc df lcv`rdcelcwaj acg dbàjlrv`bl# Edw rdag `c Iòlra arl `cabblòjl wd vln`bjl* gra`cahl bnacclj dc wnl `gl df

wnl rdag arl dfwlc ojdbilg* }`w jawr`cl dvlrfjdx .l}lbàjjp `c wnl ra`cp ladc) acg nla} df

|cbdjjlbwlg haroahl j`l lvlrpxnlrl#

Edw df xnaw eail Iòlra `cwlrlw`ch* wnd|hn* ` xnaw `w narl x`wn dwnlr Afr`bac j|e# Wnlglc`wp .nabi }abilg d w`hnwjp wnaw eacp arl abblòjl dcjp dc fddw)9 wnl g|w .`c wnl grpladc) acg wnl e|g .xnlc `w ra`c)9 wnl q|ajdr .pd| dfwlc navl wd }`bi pd|r xap wnrd|hn

wrlae df ojabi dd{l)9 wnl na{arg .jdx lavl df kahhlg bdrr|hawlg `rdc)9 acg wnl j`wwlr*l}lbàjjp wnl }jaw`b# Edw wrì`ch df ajj ` wnl eljj# X`wn }`jl df n|eac falbl j`wwlr`ch wnlhrd|cg acg lxahl r|cc`ch frlljp* wnl wlcbn ` lvlr%}rllcw#

1 Fdr edrl `cfdreaw`dc dc Iòlra* rlag; /Wnl Rwrachl Ajj|rl df wnl Rj|e/* Wnl Lbdcde`w*


5/22

] a h l z 7

Aod|w Afr`ba Lclrhp & _lclxaojl

Aod|w Bardj`ca fdr Iòlra

Lwaoj`nlg `c ?==1* Bardj`ca fdr Iòlra .BFI) ` ac`cwlrcaw`dcaj* cdc%hdvlrcelcwaj drhac`{aw`dc oalg `c wnl

Iòlra j|e df Ca`rdo`* Ilcpa# @c wnl \c`wlg Rwawl* BFI ` a


6/22

] a h l z


7/22

] a h l z 6

Wnl ]rdojle;

Iòlra Rac`waw`dc C`hnwearl

Jdch%wlre è}rdvlelcw }rdklbw navl ollc nae}lrlg op wnl fabw wnaw 0=, df Iòlra

`cnao`wacw arl wlcacw# Wnl dxclr* xnd ||ajjp j`vl ljlxnlrl* navl j`wwjl `cblcw`vl wd}rdv`gl lrv`bl dr è}rdvl j`v`ch bdcg`w`dc `c wnl lwwjlelcw# Aw wnl ael wèl wnl Ca`rdo`

B`wp Bd|cb`j gdl cdw }rdv`gl ac`waw`dc lrv`bl wd Iòlra acg* ajwnd|hn wxd lxlr j`cl brdwnl lwwjlelcw* edw }ld}jl rljp dc dc%`wl ac`waw`dc#

Dcl jawr`cl ` dfwlc |lg op lvlraj nd|lndjg* dr lvlc lvlraj }jdw* xn`bn elac |} wd ?==}ld}jl eap ol nar`ch a `chjl jawr`cl# @c eacp bal wnl jawr`cl jabi }r`vabp acg lb|r`wp* arl

|cnph`lc`b acg `c }ddr bdcg`w`dc x`wn ha}`ch ndjl `c wnl xajj* ordilc gddr acg f`jjlg }`wx`wn fd|j eljj#

A wp}`baj jawr`cl x`wn`c Iòlra

Xnlrl jawr`cl arl cdw ava`jaojl* eacp rl`glcw navl wd rldrw wd |`ch a w`c dr a }jaw`b oahwnaw ` wnlc g|e}lg `c ajjlp* g`wbnl dr wnl ra`j wrabi a }rabw`bl bajjlg fjp`ch wd`jlw?# @cac ajrlagp dvlrbrdxglg j|e* jabi df aglq|awl xawlr |}}jp* dj`g xawl eacahlelcw*l~brlwa g`}daj* gra`cahl acg xawlxawlr eacahlelcw è}abw lvlrljp dc }|oj`b nlajwn# Dfwnl wd} edw x`gl}rlag g`lal `c Iòlra* f`vl arl j`cilg g`rlbwjp wd `caglq|awl xawlr acg

ac`waw`dc }rdv``dc; gàrrndla* wp}nd`g flvlr* w|olrb|jd`* eajarà acg i`c g`lal2#

Wnl Rac`waw`dc Lcwrl}rlcl|r

Wnl Ca`rdo` B`wp Bd|cb`j* a xljj a wnl jdbaj \w`j`wp* navl }lr`wlcwjp fa`jlg wd lrv`bl wnlgleacg fdr è}rdvlg ac`waw`dc# Wn` na hlclrawlg ac è}drwacw ha} acg a bjlar o|`cld}}drw|c`wp* xn`bn na ollc leorablg op `cfdreaj* }r`vawl eajj%bajl }rdv`glr df ac`waw`dclrv`bl# Wnll lcwrl}rlcl|r rlbl`vl cd hdvlrcelcw rld|rbl o|w |rv`vl op dfflr`ch lrv`bl

?Xawbn wn` 1e`c `cwrdg|bw`dc wd wnl fjp`ch wd`jlw l~}lr`lcbl

nww};$$b|rrlcw#bde$wlbncdjdhp$0=>>7?72Tfjp`ch%wd`jlw%wail%bdvlr#nwe2 Bdcvlraw`dc x`wn wnl Wao`wna Bj`c`b EG#


8/22

] a h l z 8

wnaw wnl bdc|elr xacw acg arl x`jj`ch wd }ap fdr# Wnlp arl dfwlc eleolr df wnl bdee|c`wpxnd navl ndxc rleariaojl rld|rblf|jcl `c f`cg`ch è}jl o|w lfflbw`vl dj|w`dc dfwlc

|cglr wnl edw agvlrl d}lraw`ch bdcg`w`dc#

Wnl [|j| Hrd|} ` rlagp wd }|w a o`h wl} `cwd wn` o|`cl#

Wnl Bde}lw`w`vl Jacgba}l

Wnlrl arl a c|eolr df g`fflrlcw edglj df ac`waw`dc pwle `c Iòlra* labn g`fflr`ch `c

dxclrn`}* abbl acg eacahlelcw pwle# Wnl edw x`gl}rlag arl wnl }`w jawr`cl* df xn`bnwnlrl arl wxd ea`c wp}l; l`wnlr bdcclbwlg wd wnl lxahl pwle dr cdw#

]|oj`b jawr`cl ojdbi arl ajd ava`jaojl* wnd|hn d}lraw`dc acg ea`cwlcacbl ` barr`lg dc opvdj|cwllr wnaw ||ajjp gd cdw glj`vlr ac lfflbw`vl acg lff`b`lcw lrv`bl# Dc wnl bdcwrarp*

bdeelrbàj eacahlelcw jlag wd a e|bn n`hnlr q|aj`wp lrv`bl acg xljj%ea`cwa`clg fab`j`w`l*`rrl}lbw`vl df xnlwnlr wnl ojdbi ` dxclg op a }r`vawl d}lrawdr dr ac CHD# B|wdelra}}rlbàwl a fjl~òjl lrv`bl aga}wlg wd wnl`r gleacg* xn`bn `cbj|gl }rdv`g`ch wd`jlw }a}lr

acg acgaj fdr |l `c wnl aoj|w`dc ojdbi#

]r`vawl nd|lndjg jawr`cl arl dcjp ava`jaojl wd eleolr df wnl ael nd|lndjg dr }jdw# Wnllfab`j`w`l arl fa`rjp glblcw acg bjlac olba|l wnlp lrv`bl dcjp a eajj c|eolr df }ld}jl* xndarl ||ajjp bjdljp rljawlg# Clvlrwnljl del g`ff`b|jw`l navl ollc rl}drwlg* ea`cjp }ddr

q|aj`wp df bdcwr|bw`dc* dxclrn`} bjaè frde `cfj|lcwàj }ld}jl acg dvlrfjdx g|r`ch nlavpra`c olba|l wnlp arl cdw bdcclbwlg wd wnl lxlr j`cl#

Wnl wnrll ea`c jawr`cl%le}wp`ch wlbnc`q|l le}jdplg `c Iòlra arl; eac|aj* elbnac`baj* acghrav`waw`dcaj#

Eac|aj le}wp`ch; ac `rrl}jablaojl abw`v`wp* `w ` wnl ea`c wp}l#@w ` xljj |`wlg wd j|e bdcg`w`dc |bn a bnrdc`b dvlr%brdxg`ch* }ddr vln`b|jar abbl acg nlavp j|ghl* xn`bn `g`ff`b|jw wd }|e} |} `cwd wr|bi# Wn` lbwdr bde}r`l eajj

hrd|} df }ld}jl xdri`ch wdhlwnlr dc a rlh|jar oa`* l`wnlrvdj|cwllr dr }a`g xdrilr# Eac|aj le}wp`ch ` jarhljp aladcaj abw`v`wp `w ` cdw wnl ea`c d|rbl df `cbdel fdr hrd|}#Wnlp cdreajjp |l a ?== j`wrl ba}ab`wp bdcwa`clr gr|e* acg `wbac wail nè 1= wd ?= jdag wd le}wp a è}jl f|jj jawr`cl#@cbdel arl `rrlh|jar acg edglw* o|w w`jj aodvl wnl e`cè|e

xahl fdr a hlclraj jaod|rlr `c Ca`rdo`#

Elbnac`baj le}wp`ch; xd|jg ol wnl f`rw bnd`bl g|l wd bdw* wèl acg nph`lcl* o|w jè`wlgabbl rdag lvlrljp n`cglr wn` d}w`dc# Abblò`j`wp ` a n|hl }rdojle fdr elbnac`baj

le}w`lr acg ` wnl hrlawlw glwlrrlcw wd rlaj bde}lw`w`dc `c Iòlra# Ajd* wnl }rllcbl dfj|ghl acg dj`g xawl .rlh|jar haroahl) `c wnl }`w nae}lr wnl }rdbl# Wnl Ca`rdo` B`wpBd|cb`j Xawlr acg Rlxlrahl Gl}arwelcw .CBBXRG) }rdv`gl wr|bi le}wp`ch lrv`bl `c wnl

ba}`waj b`wp* o|w wnl`r vln`bjl bac abbl dcjp wnl odrglr df Iòlra# Wnl `c`gl arl eacahlgop eajjlr `cgl}lcglcw vln`bjl dxclr# Wnll ||ajjp arl j`blclg wd g`bnarhl wnl`r jdag `cwnl b`wp lxahl clwxdri* o|w dfwlc fa`j wd gd d olba|l wnl wrlawelcw blcwrl arl far axapacg `w ` e|bn la`lr wd g|e} `w delxnlrl bjdlr .||ajjp a wrlae)# Wn` }rabw`bl ba|llvlrl nlajwn acg lcv`rdcelcwaj }rdojle acg cllg wd wd} aw dcbl#

A cdreaj gap fdr a jawr`cl%

le}wp`ch vdj|cwllr


9/22

] a h l z >

Hrav`waw`dcaj le}wp`ch; ` |lg op edw fab`j`w`l wnaw j`l cl~w wd a r`vlr dr gra`c* ajjdx`ch wnlbdcwlcw wd fjdx g`rlbwjp `cwd wnl xawlr#

Aod|w Le}wp`ch War`ff

Elbnac`baj le}wp`ch war`ff arl jdxlw }lr wr`}* o|w wnll arl lq|aj wd dr edrl l~}lc`vl wnac}r`vawl lbwdr lrv`bl xnlc bajb|jawlg dc a}lr%q|acw`wp l~na|wlg# Eac|aj le}wp`ch lrv`bl

navl wnl jdxlw e`cè|e }r`bl* xn`bn |`w b|wdelr x`wn jè`wlg f`cacbàj elac xnd dcjpxacw wd rlg|bl wnl }`w jawr`cl bdcwlcw a d}}dlg wd le}wp`ch `w bde}jlwljp# Ndxlvlr* xnlc

wnl bdw ` oalg dc wnl q|acw`wp rledvlg* wn` xdri d|w a wnl edw l~}lc`vl elwndg#Bde}jlwljp le}wp`ch a ?#


10/22

] a h l z 0

Wnl d}}drw|c`wp;

Wnl [|j| O`dha Blcwrl

]rdklbw Glbr`}w`dc

Wnl }rdklbw bdc`w df o|`jg`ch a fab`j`wp x`wn bjlac* bdefdrwaojl wd`jlw wnaw x`jj ol bdcclbwlg

g`rlbwjp x`wn a bdjjlbw`dc bnaeolr* dr o`d%g`hlwlr .glbr`}w`dc oljdx)# Wnl fab`j`wp bdc`wdf a jdxlr jlvlj* wnaw ndjg wnl bnaeolr acg wnl }`}`ch* acg a |rfabl jlvlj x`wn wnl wd`jlw acgwnl i`wbnlc# Ac `c`wàj lwèaw`dc |hhlw a wdwaj df 1=%1? wd`jlw* g`v`glg aedchw elc acg

xdelc }j| bn`jgrlc#

Wnl olclf`bàr`l df wnl }rdklbw x`jj ol wnl [|j| Hrd|}* op }rdv`g`ch a d|rbl df xdri acg`cbdel* acg wnl bdee|c`wp a a xndjl* op è}rdv`ch ac`waw`dc acg }rdv`g`ch abbl wd o`dha*a bjlac acg rlclxaojl d|rbl df lclrhp fdr bddi`ch#

Xnaw ` o`dha4

O`dha wp}`bajjp rlflr wd a ha }rdg|blg op wnl o`djdh`baj orlaigdxc df drhac`b eawwlr `c wnl

aolcbl df d~phlc# O`dha dr`h`cawl frde wnl glbde}d`w`dc df drhac`b eawlràj acg ` a wp}ldf o`df|lj# O`dha ` a rlclxaojl f|lj acg bac ol |lg a a jdx%bdw f|lj `c acp bd|cwrp fdr acpnlaw`ch }|r}dl* |bn a bddi`ch# @w bac ajd ol |lg `c edglrc xawl eacahlelcw fab`j`w`l

xnlrl `w bac ol |lg wd r|c acp wp}l df nlaw lch`cl* wd hlclrawl l`wnlr elbnac`baj drljlbwr`baj }dxlr#

O`dha ` ||ajjp }rdg|blg `c o`d%g`hlwlr acg ` wnlc o|rclg wd hlclrawl bjlac* rlclxaojllclrhp* ||ajjp fdr nlaw`ch dr j`hnw`ch }|r}dl# Wnl ea`c bde}dclcw df o`dha arl barodc

g`d~`gl acg elwnacl* xn`bn* `f rljlalg `c |c%bdeo|wlg fdre* ` naref|j wd wnl lcv`rdcelcwa a }arw`b|jarjp }dwlcw hrllcnd|l ha#

Xnaw ` a O`d%g`hlwlr4

A o`dha g`hlwlr bdc`w df ac a`rw`hnw rllrvd`r `cwd xn`bn a |`waojl fllgwdbibdx g|ch*n|eac xawl* drhac`b xawl` }jablg* l`wnlr `c oawbnl dr op bdcw`c|d| fllg# Reajj%bajl

g`hlwlr fdr nd|lndjg |l arl bdeedcjp eagl df bdcbrlwl* or`bi* elwaj* fòrlhja* dr}jaw`b# Jarhlr bdeelrbàj o`dha g`hlwlr arl eagl ea`cjp df or`bi* edrwar* acg wllj#

G`hlw`dc ` abbde}j`nlg `c wxd hlclraj wahl# F`rw* ab`gdhlc`b oabwlrà w|rc o`dea `cwdvdjaw`jl fawwp ab`g acg elwaodj`{l wnll bde}d|cg `cwd a bdeo`caw`dc df elwnacl%r`bn ha

acg dgd|rjl }nd}ndr|% acg c`wrdhlc%jaglc j|rrp* xn`bn eail l~bljjlcw flrw`j`{lr#Gl}lcg`ch dc wle}lraw|rl acg ed`w|rl bdcwlcw* `w wail aod|w 6?< gap wd f|jjp }rdbl aoawbn# Wnl lcg }rdg|bw ` aod|w 6=8=, elwnacl acg ?=2=, BD?* x`wn eajj aed|cw df

npgrdhlc |j}n`gl acg dwnlr è}|r`w`l# Wnl ha bac ol bdcclbwlg wd a nd|lndjg wdvl fdr

bddi`ch* wd a j`hnw f`~w|rl x`wn a ha|{l eacwjl fdr j`hnw`ch* dr wd dwnlr a}}jàcbl x`wn è}jlcaw|raj ha }j|eo`ch9 `w o|rc jìl j`q|lf`lg }lwrdjl|e ha#

@w wail 1? bdx* }`h* dr 7%< ag|jw n|eac wd |}}jp aglq|awl ga`jp fllgwdbi fdr a `chjl%

nd|lndjg o`dg`hlwlr# Wnl ga`jp `c}|w df xawl acg |r`cl frde a bdeedc fae`jp }rdg|bl >0i`jdxaww%nd|r df nlaw# Dvlr a plar* wn` ` k|w aod|w lcd|hn wd }rdv`gl |ff`b`lcw lclrhp fdrbddi`ch acg del j`hnw`ch#


11/22

] a h l z 1=

Gdl `w rlajjp xdri4

Pl* jdw df eajj%bajl fab`j`w`l arl |} acg r|cc`ch* ea`cjp `c Cl}aj* @cgà acg Bn`ca# Wnledw x`gl}rlag gl`hc df g`hlwlr arl wnl f`~lg%gdel g`hlwlr acg wnl fjdaw`ch%bdvlr o`dha

g`hlwlr# Wnl g`hlw`dc }rdbl ` wnl ael `c labn g`hlwlr o|w wnl ha bdjjlbw`dc elwndg `g`fflrlcw# @c wnl fjdaw`ch%bdvlr wp}l* wnl xawlr lajlg bdvlr df wnl g`hlwlr ` ba}aojl df r``ch

a ha ` }rdg|blg* xnlrl `w abw a a wdrahl bnaeolr* xnlrla wnl f`~lg gdel wp}l na ajdxlr ha wdrahl ba}ab`wp acg rlq|`rl olwwlr laj`ch `f ha jlaiahl ` wd ol }rlvlcwlg# Odwnnavl ollc gl`hclg fdr |l x`wn n|eac xawl dr g|ch# O|w wnl fjdaw`ch%bdvlr gl`hc ` ||ajjpedrl l~}lc`vl* rlq|`rl agg`w`dcaj ea`cwlcacbl olba|l `w na edvaojl }arw* acg `w ` narglr

wd d}lrawl# Dc wnl dwnlr nacg* wnl f`~lg%gdel rlq|`rl dcjp jdbajjp acg la`jp ava`jaojleawlràj acg ` fa`rjp lap wd bdcwr|bw#

A è}jl gl`hc fdr a o`dha bnaeolr x`wn cd edv`ch }arw

Wnl xawl ` flg `cwd wnl g`hlwlr và wnl `cjlw }`}l |`ch wnl fdrbl df hrav`wp* acg |cglrhdl

g`hlw`dc `c wnl g`hlw`dc bnaeolr# Wnl wle}lraw|rl df wnl }rdbl ` q|`wl br`w`baj % elwnacl

}rdg|b`ch oabwlrà d}lrawl edw lff`b`lcwjp aw wle}lraw|rl olwxllc 2=%7=B# G`hlw`dc wèlrachl frde a bd|}jl df xlli wd a bd|}jl df edcwn gl}lcg`ch dc wnl fllgwdbi acg wnlg`hlw`dc wle}lraw|rl# Wnl rl`g|aj j|rrp edvl wd wnl dvlrfjdx waci acg bac ol |lg a aflrw`j`{lr# Ndxlvlr* wnl bde}d`w`dc acg vaj|l df wn` flrw`j`{lr ` vlrp lrraw`b* eai`ch `w cdw

ajxap bdeelrbàjjp awwrabw`vl#

Frde ac lbdcde`b acg }rabw`baj }lr}lbw`vl* wnl ha nd|jg ajxap ol ava`jaojl* d wndlg`hlwlr xn`bn ajjdx bdcw`c|d| agg`w`dc df fllgwdbi xn`bn g`}jabl }lcw fllgwdbi ` jìljpwd ol wnl edw a}}rd}ràwl acg abbl}waojl# Oawbn pwle* xn`bn rlq|`rl wnl }np`baj rledvaj

df j|rrp lvlrp flx gap acg wnl agg`w`dc df clx fllgwdbi arl odwn jaod|r `cwlc`vl acgg`r|}w`vl wd |}}jp# Wnl bdcw`c|d| pwle ` nlcbl* e|bn edrl a}}rd}ràwl#


12/22

] a h l z 11

Wnl |bbl dr fa`j|rl df acp o`dha }jacw ea`cjp gl}lcg |}dc wnl q|aj`wp df bdcwr|bw`dcxdri# Agg`w`dcajjp* wnlrl arl a c|eolr df ilp br`wlrà wnaw cllg wd ol f|jf`jjlg `c drglr wd

|bblf|jjp o|`jg acg d}lrawl a f|cbw`dc`ch* |bblf|j* acg ban fjdx }d`w`vl fab`j`wp df wnllbnarabwlr`w`b#

Wnl fdjjdx`ch ` a j`w df ilp br`wlrà wd wail `cwd bdc`glraw`dc;

Wnl q|aj`wp df wnl o|`jg`ch eawlràj e|w ol n`hn a wnl o`dha ` nljg |cglr }rl|rlx`wn`c wnl gdel

Ri`jj acg icdx%ndx arl cllglg odwn wd o|`jg acg wd ea`cwa`c o`dha }jacw# Eacp |c`wo|`jw `c wnl }aw navl ollc aoacgdclg fdr jabi df lrv`b`ch i`jj Lvlc `f wnl lw%|} bdw arl |o`g`lg* wndl xnd x`jj |l wnl fab`j`w`l nd|jg navl

del f`cacbàj wail `c wnl }rdklbw dr wnlp eap cdw navl a |ff`b`lcw lcl df

dxclrn`} wd ea`cwa`c wnl }jacw

Wnl wle}lraw|rl na wd ol n`hn lcd|hn wd ba|l wnl g`hlw`dc }rdbl wd xdri dragg`w`dcaj o|`jg`ch xdri wd brlawl a xare lcv`rdcelcw eap eail `w }rdnò`w`vljp

l~}lc`vl

Nacgj`ch n|eac xawl ` a lc`w`vl b|jw|raj `|l acg lvlc wnl |l df wnl ha eap ol|cabbl}waojl `c del db`lw`l

]rdedw`dc acg g`le`caw`dc df wnl olclf`w df o`dha x`jj ol cllglg `f `w ` wd olabbl}wlg `c wnl bdee|c`wp

Wn` ` a x`c%x`c dj|w`dc wnaw cdw dcjp wabijl ac`waw`dc acg nlajwn `|l* o|w}rdv`gl a bjlac d|rbl df lclrhp fdr wnl bdee|c`wp#

@w ` cd rdbilw%b`lcbl9 wnlp bac gd `w


13/22

] a h l z 1?

Wnl [|j| O`dha Blcwrl

Lbdcde`b Acajp`

Rd|rbl df _lvlc|l

@cbdel bdel frde wxd xljj%glf`clg wrlae; wnl f`rw dcl ` frde wnl |l df wnl fab`j`w`l acgwnl lbdcg dcl frde wnl ajl df wnl o`dha#

.A) Wd`jlw |l

Wnl ljlbwlg `wl ` jdbawlg r`hnw cl~w wxd o`h earilw

.1) Wnl Ea`c Earilw; narod|r 62= wdrl x`wn ac avlrahl 2%7}ld}jl xdri`ch `c labn df wnle aw ajj w`el# Wn` aed|cw wdajedw ?*=== }ld}jl oalg `c wnl earilw ga`jp* cdw wai`ch `cwd

abbd|cw nd}}lr* |}}j`lr acg }alr opl# Wnl earilw

b|rrlcwjp na a wd`jlw lrv`bl `c`gl wnaw na 7 jawr`cl fdr eajlacg < fdr fleajl9 `w ` ||ajjp }abilg* g`rwp acg eljjp# Wnlp

bnarhl In?#

.?) Wnl ^^^^ Earilw; ` a edrl `cfdreaj earilw acg ndjg edrlwnac 1


14/22

] a h l z 12

.O) O`dha Rajl

A lbdcg rlvlc|l wrlae ` wnl `cbdel hlclrawlgfrde ljj`ch wnl o`dha fdr bddi`ch lrv`bl# Wn` `

wr`bi`lr* `cbl fae`j`l ||ajjp j`il wd bddi wnl`r elajaw ndel# Bnach`ch wn` wrag`w`dc bac ol narg# Wnl

}rdklbw }jac wd ljj wnl o`dha wd wnl l~`w`chrlwa|racw wnaw lrvl fddg `c wnl ^^^^^ Earilw#Wnlrl arl b|rrlcwjp < ndwlj%rlwa|racw `c`gl wnlearilw acg 6 `c a eajj rag`| dc ^^^^ Rwrllw# Ajj df

wnl b|rrlcwjp |l bnarbdaj a wnl d|rbl fdr f|lj* acgo|rc `c avlrahl olwxllc 7 acg 8 o`h bnarbdaj oah }lr xlli* aw a bdw df In 0== }lr oah#

@c`w`aj bdcwabw xa lwaoj`nlg x`wn ]a|j Aw|ja .?== 2=, 1*?6= 28*>==

Wnl b|rrlcw i`wbnlc aw wnl Dxlc Ndwlj


15/22

] a h l z 17

\cglrhrd|cg Jlvlj O`dha Bnaeolr acg Wd`jlw Bdcclbw`dc

Hrd|cg Jlvlj Ea`c Fab`j`w`l


16/22

] a h l z 1?1#==7

Ea`cwlcacblWnl ea`cwlcacbl rlq|`rlelcw fdr wnl fab`j`wp x`jj ol e`cèaj `cbl `w gdl cdw navl edv`ch}arw* n`hn%wle}lraw|rl dr n`hn%}rl|rl# Wnl edcwnjp |}ill} fll arl ea`cjp jaod|r* |w`j`wpo`jj .xawlr) acg bjlac`ch `wle .wd`jlw }a}lr* da}* glwlrhlcw)#

Jaod|r; dcjp wxd }ld}jl arl cllglg aw wnl fab`j`wp fdr `w d}lraw`dc# Dcl x`jj olbnarh`ch wnl fll aw wnl lcwracbl acg glj`vlr`ch wd`jlw }a}lr$da}* xn`jl wnl dwnlr dclx`jj ol `c bnarhl df bjlac`ch# Nph`lcl ` dcl df wnl edw è}drwacw q|aj`w`l wd ill} aclpl dc* `cbl `w x`jj è}abw g`rlbwjp dc wnl b|wdelr l~}lr`lcbl# A earilw vaj|l fdr

wnll i`cg df jaod|r rlq|`rlelcw xd|jg ol ard|cg In1


17/22

] a h l z 16

Bjlac`ch `wle; >*=== }lr edcwn

Ban Fjdx Acajp`

\cglr wn` lbw`dc bdw acg `cbdel arl ba}w|rlg acg f`cacb`aj wlbnc`q|l arl |lg wd or`ch

wnl }rdklbw wd a edrl rlaj`w`b ban acajp`# Olcbneari`ch x`wn `e`jar fab`j`w`l `c wnl arla*wnl bdcwr|bw`dc df wnl [|j| O`dha Blcwrl ` l~}lbwlg wd wail aod|w a edcwn acg a najf# Wd lrrdc wnl bdclrvaw`vl `gl* ? edcwn x`jj ol bdc`glrlg wd ajjdx fdr acp gljap# Ajj wnl rlq|`rlg

bde}dclcw x`jj ol d|rbl jdbajjp# Wnl bdcwr|bw`dc olh`c x`wn wnl |cglrhrd|cg lbw`dc dcedcwn 1 acg edvlg wd wnl hrd|cg jlvlj dc edcwn ?#

Wnl wd`jlw bac ol |lg a ddc a wnl fab`j`wp ` f`c`nlg# A `hc`f`bacw aed|cw df g`r|}w`dc `

l~}lbwlg dcbl `w ` d}lraw`dcaj* gr`v`ch wnl b|wdelr frde odwn earilw wd |l `w* a xljj ajdbaj fae`j`l acg }alr%op# Ndxlvlr* g|r`ch wnl wxd edcwn o|`cl x`jj ol jdx a xdrg%df%ed|wn g`le`cawl acg aod|w najf df wnl cdreaj gleacg x`jj ol bdc`glrlg#

_lharg`ch wnl ajl df o`dha* wnrll edcwn x`jj ol clblarp wd ajjdx fdr wnl f`jj`ch df wnlbnaeolr acg wnl o`dha }rl|rl o|`jg`ch# Nlcbl* rlvlc|l x`jj cdw olh`c olfdrl wnaw#

Wnl j`fl df wnl }rdklbw wd ol bdc`glrlg `c wnl GBF bajb|jaw`dc ` df ? plar# Wn` `cbj|gl* wxdedcwn df bdcwr|bw`dc acg ?? edcwn df d}lraw`dc fdr wnl wd`jlw fab`j`wp acg 10 edcwn dfo`dha ajl# Wnl clw }rllcw vaj|l x`jj ol bajb|jawlg aw ?=, acc|aj `cwlrlw rawl#

C]V M?=, 5 In7>,


18/22

] a h l z 18

Wnl Ellw`ch Blcwrl

@c agg`w`dc wd wnl Rac`waw`dc Fab`j`wp* wnl }rdklbw bac `cbj|gl wnl agg`w`dc df a lbdcg fjddrx`wn a e|jw`%}|r}dl rdde wnac bac lrvl a a ellw`ch hrd|cg fdr wnl [|j| Hrd|} Fddwoajj

Wlae# B|rrlcwjp wnl Hrd|} na cd fdreaj }abl acg wn` xd|jg ol a `hc`f`bacw agg`w`dc wd wnl`rbdcdj`gaw`dc a a jlag`ch pd|wn hrd|} dc wnl Iòlra bdee|c`wp# Wnl hrd|} bd|jg narod|r wnl`r

dff`bl wnlrl* ellw xllijp acg rajjp wnl wlae acg wnl pd|wn eleolr wd navl hrd|} waji*xawbn fddwoajj eawbnl acg `cbrlal wnl bdnl`dc df `w eleolr#

Lvlc wnd|hn wnl ea`c }|r}dl df wnl Ellw`ch Blcwrl xd|jg ol wd bdcdj`gawl acg l~}acg wnl[|j| Hrd|}* `w x`jj aw wnl ael wèl or`ch `c rlvlc|l frde wxd g`fflrlcw wrlae;

.1) _laj lwawl _lcw; }abl ` }rlb`d| `c Iòlra* acg gleacg fdr `w ` vlrp n`hn# H`vlc wnljdbaw`dc df wnl bndlc `wl* wnl ` vlrp n`hn }dwlcwàj wd awwrabw a c|eolr df }dòjl

bj`lcw wnaw xd|jg ol x`jj`ch wd rlcw wnl }abl* `cbj|g`ch CHD* E`brdf`cacbl hrd|}*jdbaj bdee|c`wp odarg* h|`jg adbàw`dc* lwb# ]r`bl ` dfwlc adbàwlg x`wn }abl*

jdbaw`dc acg aelc`w`l* acg rachl frde acpxnlrl olwxllc In


19/22

] a h l z 1>

Wnl agg`w`dc df a lbdcg fjddr xd|jg rlq|`rl ac agg`w`dcaj `cvlwelcw df ^^^^^^# Wnl glwa`j|l df ban arl glbròlg oljdx;

Ac agg`w`dcaj `cvlwelcw ` rlq|`rlg wd o|`jg wnl lbdcg fjddr acg o|p wnl clblarp lq|`}elcw

wd d}lrawl `w# Wnl fdjjdx`ch bnarw glbròl wnl ea`c |l df ban;

Ea`cwlcacbl df wnl Ellw`ch Blcwrl

Ea`cwlcacbl df wnl Ellw`ch Blcwrl xd|jg ol clhj`hòjl* acg jè`wlg wd bjlac`ch# Wnl }rdklbw

bac jlvlr dc wnl n|eac rld|rbl acg bjlac`ch }rdg|bw frde wnl Rac`waw`dc Fab`j`wp* acg bd|jgwa} dc wd wnl [|j| pd|wn fdr acp agg`w`dcaj jaod|r rlq|`rlelcw#

Wnl dcjp `hc`f`bacw bdw xd|jg ol wnl |obr`}w`dc wd awljj`wl WV wd v`lx wnl fddwoajj eawbnlacg del dwnlr e`bljjacld| `wle* lwèawlg `c 8*=== }lr edcwn# Wn` xd|jg or`h wnl wdwajd}lraw`dcaj bdw df wnl Blcwrl wd In7=*=== }lr edcwn#

C]V M?=, 5 In?1

@__ 5 77,

Wnl f`cacbàj `cg`bawdr arl jdxlr o|w w`jj vlrp awwrabw`vl# Agg`w`dcajjp* wnll c|eolr gd cdwba}w|rl wnl dbàj è}abw wnaw wnl Ellw`ch Blcwrl x`jj hlclrawl# Ajd* wnl rlvlc|l a|e}w`dcarl vlrp bdclrvaw`vl* acg wnl Hrd|} ` bdcf`glcw wnaw h`vlc wnl jdbaw`dc acg }rd~è`wp df wnlBlcwrl wd Iòlra Ea`c Earilw* wnl rlaj lwawl vaj|l rlcw x`jj ol n`hnlr#


20/22

] a h l z 10

_ì Acajp`

Wn` lbw`dc `cwlcg wd gledcwrawl wnlrl ` axarlcl df wnl rì adbàwlg wd wnl }rdklbwacg oljdx arl wnl rì bawlhdr`l x`wn del jìlj`nddg df dbb|rrlcbl acg ndx wd e`w`hawl

wnle#

]ddr bdcwr|bw`dc dr gl`hc; jlag wd ha }rl|rl }rdojle dr xawlr jlaiahl# O`dhag`hlwlr arl cdw a è}jl a wnlp jddi* acg ac awwle}wlg wd o|`jg dcl x`wnd|w glwa`jlgicdx ndx x`jj blrwa`cjp fa`j# @f ac |cq|aj`f`lg }lrdc awwle}w wd o|`jg a g`hlwlr* nl

x`jj }rdoaojp r|c `cwd }rdojle# @w wddi wnl \EACGL Wr|w F|cg a c|eolr df wra`j |cw`jwnlp hdw `w r`hnw# Nlcbl* `w e|w ol }rd}lrjp gl`hclg acg bdcwr|bwlg# Fdrw|cawljp* wnl

Bn`lf O`dha Lch`cllr aw \EACGL* E`bnalj Fracb` .?


21/22

] a h l z ?=

Bdcbj|`dc acg _lbdeelcgaw`dc

Wn` }rljè`carp rllarbn na ndxc wnaw wnl }rdklbw }rllcw a hrlaw d}}drw|c`wp fdr a rlajo|`cl wnaw ` rl}dc`vl wd bdc|elr gleacg# Wnl }rdklbw na wnl }dwlcwàj wd è}rdvl

ac`waw`dc lrv`bl `c Iòlra aw bde}araw`vljp jdx `cvlwelcw bdw* acg x`jj hlclrawl a n|hlè}abw dc wnl [|j| Hrd|} acg dc wnl Bdee|c`wp a a xndjl#

Fdr wnl Bdee|c`wp;

F|jf`j wnl |cglrlrvlg gleacg fdr ac`waw`dc `c wnl rlh`dc# Odwn wd`jlw fab`j`w`l `c wnlclarop earilw arl dvlrfjdx acg dvlr|lg#

Avd`g wnl |l df fjp`ch wd`jlw acg è}rdvl dvlrajj nlajwn df wnl bdee|c`wp# ]rdv`gl a bjlac ajwlrcaw`vl f|lj fdr bddi`ch# Wn` x`jj avd`g wnl |l df bnarbdaj* xn`bn

` ajedw lcw`rljp d|rblg `jjlhajjp frde wnl fljj`ch df clarop wrll .a }rabw`bl wnaw naollc n`hnjp bdcgleclg op wnl b|rrlcw hdvlrcelcw)

Wnlrl ` ac |rhlcw cllg fdr wnl }abl `c wnl j|e* acg wnl }rdklbw x`jj `cbrlal wnl|}}jp df wnl gleacglg rlaj lwawl#

Fdr wnl [|j| Hrd|};

]rdv`gl a lbdcg |wa`caojl d|rbl df `cbdel fdr wnl eleolr df wnl hrd|} Bdcdj`gawl wnl Hrd|} a a bjlar l~ae}jl df pd|ch* xdri`ch eleolr df wnl Iòlra

Rj|e

]rdv`gl a f`~ acg bdefdrwaojl lwaoj`nlg ellw`ch blcwrl fdr wnl hrd|} acg `cbrlal `wa}}laj acg rlabn wd wnl pd|chj`ch `c wnl rlh`dc#

@c agg`w`dc wd wn`* wnl }rdklbw ` a hddg `cvlwelcw d}}drw|c`wp x`wn bdclrvaw`vl* bjlar

}d`w`vl ban fjdx wnaw bac ol f`cacblg op gdcdr acg$dr fljjdxn`}#

Olfdrl agvacb`ch x`wn wnl }rdklbw `w ` rlbdeelcglg wnaw gàjdh|l olwxllc wnl var`d|wailndjglr .wnl [|j| Hrd|}* wnl Ca`rdo` B`wp Bd|cb`j* ]|oj`b A|wndr`w`l* bdee|c`wp jlaglracg glvljd}elcw drhac`{aw`dc) xd|jg nlj} wd bjar`fp `|l acg dowabjl* wd olwwlr arw`b|jawl

abw`v`w`l df wnl var`d| abwdr* acg wd eail olwwlr |l df wnl i`jj acg icdx%ndx# L}lbàjjpwnl bddrg`caw`dc acg `cvdjvlelcw df Bardj`ca fdr Iòlra acg wnl \EACGL Wr|w* xnd arl}rdklbw }`dcllr acg bac abbl }dwlcwàj gdcdr#


22/22

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