© 2005 Clairmont Press

A New

World

1477-1752

Explorers

How did Native American culture change as a result of European exploration?

Why did the Europeans (French, Spanish, and British) explore and settle in the southeastern part of North America?

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

• For almost 3 centuries, European nations would challenge each other for rights to the Western Hemisphere.

AGE OF DISCOVERY

Europeans believed the world consisted of only 3 continents: World

Europe

Plus Scattered Islands in the Ocean

Africa Asia

EUROPEAN COLONIZATION

Line of Demarcation –

– Spain and Portugal signed a treaty which divided the world in two halves, giving Spain control of the New World.

Other European nations refused to accept Spain and Portugal’s division of the Americas between themselves. England and France prepared to make their own explorations.

ELBOW PARTNERS:

WHY DID THE EUROPEANS START EXPLORING THE “NEW WORLD?”

THE RACE IS ON...

Spain financed more than 80 voyages to the

New World during the 12 years after Columbus’s first voyage.

HOW MUCH LAND COULD AN EXPLORER CLAIM AND FOR HOW LONG?

Any first discovery claims had to be followed by actual occupation

It was not enough to plant a flag on the beach. To enforce a claim, settlers and soldiers from the

explorer’s country must follow and colonize (occupy and control) the land.

Did not require permission from Native Americans. Felt a moral duty to convert the natives to

Christianity.

God

GoldGlory

SPAIN COMES TO THE

SOUTHEAST

Convert the Natives

Discover New Riches

Expand ItsEmpire

WheatOrangesSugar caneHorsesCowsPigsChickens

Take to the New

WorldCornPotatoesTomatoesPineappleTobacco

Bring Back

to Spain

More Than Gold Changed Hands...

Mission: Search for Gold & Conquer Hostile Indians

Hernando de Soto

Hernando de Soto

• In return, he would be given a title, land, and a portion of the colony’s profits.

In 1540, Spanish explorer Hernando De Soto, with hundreds of men, marched north from Tampa, Florida into southwest Georgia (near today’s Albany).

• On this journey, the Spanish encountered the Indian chiefdoms of the Mississippian period.

THE MISSISSIPPIANS MEET THE SPANIARDS

• Food was a continual problem.• Often seized stored food supplies from Indians.• Meat was in such short supply that the expedition reportedly even ate the dogs of some Indian villages.

JOURNEY OF DEATH & DISAPPOINTMENT

SPANISH MISSIONSMission – Definition: A religious church or station established in a foreign land to allow missionaries to spread their religion.

In 1566, Spain established missions on Georgia’s Cumberland Island and St. Catherine’s Island, called Santa Catalina. During the same century, posts were established at Sapelo and St. Simon’s Island.

The missions were used by the Spanish to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism but also served as a trading post; Native Americans used the missions to integrate themselves into the European world.

De Soto’s weapons, plated armor, and horses overwhelmed the Native Americans; thousands of American Indians in Georgia died, many from disease brought by the Spaniards.

DISEASES

The Native Americans were exposed for the first time to European diseases against which they had little resistance.MeaslesChicken poxSmall pox

During the two centuries following the discovery of the

New World, 90% of the Native Population

vanished.

Native American

s

Weapons of Stone &

Wood

Spanish

GunsSteel

SwordsMetal ArmorHorses

The Spaniards marched across Georgia into South Carolina, but never found the gold they sought.

Explorer Date Country Represented

Hernando de Soto 1540 SpainTerritory Discovered/Explored

Results of Exploration

Explored Georgia and Southeastern North America

Failed to Find Riches, Brought Death and Destruction to Indians

ELBOW PARTNER

• With your partner. . .–5-3-1:

• List five things you learned in this section.

• List three things you are still unsure about.

• Compose one question you have.

THREE COUNTRIES VIE FOR LAND

ENGLAND

In 1497, John Cabot sailed from England to the northeastern coast of North America.

ENGLAND’S REASONS TO SETTLE IN THE NEW WORLD • Mercantilism –

the belief that countries should export more than they import.

• Countries wanted to take over as many of the world’s natural resources as possible

• France was the 3rd European power to enter the race for North America.

• Giovanni de Verrazano believed that he could sail westward from

Europe to Asia.• First, landed on the Carolina coast.

FRENCH CLAIMS IN THE SOUTHEAST

• Jean Ribault and a band of 150 Hugenots (French Protestants) landed on Florida’s coast and sailed northward looking for a place to settle.

JEAN RIBAULT

Just north of present-day Savannah, Ribault discovered a protected inlet, which he named Port Royal.

Spain was outraged and quickly drove the French out and captured Fort Caroline and then executed the French Huguenots.

SO WHAT DID FRANCE DO? (REASON FOR EXPLORATION)

• Established the Louisiana Territory and a lucrative fur trade

ELBOW PARTNER:PICK A NEW ELBOW PARTNER

• Each student will receive a map of the US.– Color where the English settled red.– Color where the French settled

blue.– Color where the Spanish settled

green.• Write a paragraph together of what

the main purposes of each country was and where each country predominately settled.