© 2005 clairmont press chapter 4 1477-1752 explorers

© 2005 Clairmont Press© 2005 Clairmont Press

Chapter 4Chapter 4

1477-17521477-1752

ExplorersExplorers

Essential QuestionsEssential QuestionsWhich European countries

explored and attempted to colonize the Southeastern United States?

How did Native American culture change as a result of European exploration?

The Amazing RaceThe Amazing Race of Discovery of Discovery

100010001000 Early Viking explorer Leif Ericson

arrives in North America.

120012001271 Marco Polo travels to China to get

spices, jewels, perfumes, and silks.

1295 Marco Polo returns from China with fascinating tales of the Far East.

130013001347 “Black Death,” a plague, kills one

third of Europe’s population.

140014001400 Small, light Portugese ships called

caravels explore the coast of Africa.

1400 Prince Henry builds a school of navigation. His ships find a route around the southern tip of Africa.

1450 Portugese build larger ships called - 1500 Merchant Ships to use for trade.

1488 Bartholomeu Dias wants to find an all- water route to Asia by heading around

Africa. He makes it as far as the southern tip of Africa.

140014001492 Christopher Columbus completes his

first voyage to San Salvador (Salvador means “Holy Savior.”)

1497 John Cabot wanted to find an all-water route to Asia by traveling north and west.

1498 Columbus completes voyages to South America.

1498 Vasco da Gama wanted to find an all-water route to Asia by heading around Africa.

1499 Amerigo Vespucci voyages to the Americas.

150015001506 Christopher Columbus dies

believing he had discovered an unknown part of Asia.

1507 Geographer Waldseemuller names the continent America after

mapmaker Amerigo Vespucci.

1513 Juan Ponce de Leon was looking for gold and the “fountain of youth”. He claimed Florida.

150015001513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa wanted to find

riches a way across America; first European to reach the Pacific Ocean.

1519 Hernando Cortes wanted to conquer the Aztecs for their gold and silver. He

conquered the Aztecs, stole their gold and silver, and claimed their land for Spain.

1519 - Ferdinand Magellan wanted to reach 1522 Indies by sailing west. Though he was

killed, his crew reached the Indies and sailed around the world.

150015001524 Giovanni da Verrazano wanted to find

a Northwest Passage to Asia. He explored the coast of North America from what is now the State of North Carolina up to Canada.

1531 Francisco Pizarro wanted to conquer the Incas and take all of their gold and silver.

1534 Jacques Cartier wanted to find a Northwest Passage to Asia. He discovered the Gulf

of St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence River and claimed the area of France.

150015001539 Hernando de Soto explores the

Southeast, reaching the Mississippi River.

1540 Francisco de Coronado travels in the Southwest.

1550 England builds a speedy fleet of royal ships called Men-of-War.

150015001562 Jean Ribault explores Coast of

North Florida and Georgia.

1565 Pedro Menendez explores St. Augustine and established Spain’s 1st Successful Settlement.

1577 Sir Francis Drake was the first Englishman to sail around the world.

160016001608 Samuel de Champlain called the

“Father of New France,” is the first explorer of his day to see the Great Lakes.

1609 Henry Hudson investigates the Hudson River and Canada for

England.

1673 Father Jacque Marquette and Louis Joliet explore the upper Mississippi.

11stst European Explorer European ExplorerLeif Ericson – Around 1000

1st European to set foot on North America

Viking ExplorerSailed from GreenlandLanded along the

coast of Canada.Settled Briefly,

but Returned to Greenland

Explorer Date Country Represented

Leif Ericson 1000 Viking

Territory Discovered/Explored

Results of Exploration

Coast of Canada Settled Briefly, But Returned to Greenland

Age of DiscoveryAge of Discovery• For almost 3 centuries, European

nations would challenge each other for rights to the Western Hemisphere.

Europeans believed the world consisted of only 3 continents:

Far EastFar East• Europeans

were really interested in the Far East

(a region of Southeastern Asia that included India, China, and Japan).

Source of GoodsSource of Goods

• Silk

• Spices

• Tea

• Gems

• Muslim traders in western Asia, however, controlled the land and sea routes over which these goods were supplied to the west.

• The Age of

Discovery

began

because

European

nations

wanted

their own direct access to the Far East.

PortugalPortugal• Portugal took an early lead in this race.• Explored the western coast of Africa in search of

an eastern route to the Indies.• In 1497, Vasco de Gama was the first European to

journey to India by sea.


Vasco de Gama 1497 Portugal



western coast of Africa

Found Eastern Route to the Indies

SpainSpain• Christopher Columbus believed that only

ocean separated Europe from the Indies...

• King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella financed his great exploration.

• Columbus was

instructed to discover

and conquer any

islands or continents

he should find on

behalf of Spain.

Columbus Sets SailColumbus Sets Sail• Christopher Columbus and his crew

set sail aboard the The Nina, Pinta, and Santa

Maria.

• Journey

Took

6 Weeks

• Columbus discovered San Salvador Island (part of today’s Bahamas) on October 12, 1492.

Convinced that these were part of the Indies, Columbus called the dark-skinned natives – Indians (term Europeans came to apply to all natives in this newly discovered world.)

• Disappointed to find no silk, spices, or riches, except for native jewelry.

• Returned to Spain with the great news that a westward route had been found.

Columbus later explored the coasts of Central and South America and other Caribbean islands.


Christopher Columbus 1492 Spain



Discovered North AmericaExplored the Island of San Salvador

Discovered the New World and Opened It for European Exploration

Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci Italian Businessman

Mapmaker

AmericaAmerica Convinced that a new continent had been

found Called the new region a New World named the

new land “America.” Soon other explorers discovered that

“America” was not just one continent but two...

Line of DemarcationLine of DemarcationAll lands east of this line could be claimed by Portugal, while land to the west (including Georgia) went to Spain.

England & FranceEngland & FranceOther European nations refused to accept Spain and Portugal’s division of the Americas between themselves. England and France prepared to make their own explorations.

EnglandEngland

In 1497, John Cabot sailed from England to the northeastern coast of North America.


John Cabot 1497 England



Explored Coast of North America

Established England’s Claim to the Eastern Seaboard of NorthAmerica

The Race Is On...The Race Is On...Spain financed more than 80 voyages to the

New World during the 12 years after Columbus’s first voyage.

How much land could an How much land could an explorer claim and explorer claim and

for how long?for how long?Any first discovery claims had to be followed by

actual occupation It was not enough to plant a flag on the beach. To enforce a claim, settlers and soldiers from

the explorer’s country must follow and colonize (occupy and control) the land.

Did not require permission from Native Americans.

Felt a moral duty to convert the natives to Christianity.

Spain Spain Comes to Comes to

the the SoutheastSoutheast

Convert the Natives

Discover New Riches

Expand ItsEmpire

More Than Gold Changed Hands...

Juan Ponce de LeonJuan Ponce de LeonIn 1513, First explorer to set foot on the soil

of what today is the United States (Florida Coast/St. Augustine.

Came in search of riches, adventure, and a legendary fountain of youth


Juan Ponce de Leon 1) 15132) 1521

Spain



1) Eastern Coast of Florida

2) Western Coast of Florida

First Spanish Explorer to Set Foot on North American MainlandFailed to Find the Fountain of Youth

Lucas Vazquez de AllyonLucas Vazquez de AllyonA young Spanish lawyer Owner of a sugar cane plantation that was worked by Indian slaves Many of the slaves died from diseaseBegan looking to the north for more Indians to enslaveArrived in present-day South Carolina and then sailed southward Established a new settlement of men, women, children,

and Africans called San Miguel de Gualdape However, cold weather and Allyon’s death followed. Soon, San Miguel de Gualdape was abandoned.


Lucas Vazquez de Ayllon 1526 Spain



Explored South Carolina and Georgia Coast

First European to Set Foot in GeorgiaUnsuccessfully Attempted a Settlement

Mission: Search for Gold & Conquer Hostile Indians

Hernando de SotoHernando de Soto

• In return, he would be given a title, land, and a portion of the colony’s profits.

In 1540, Spanish explorer Hernando De Soto, with hundreds of men, marched north from Tampa, Florida into southwest Georgia (near today’s Albany).

The MississippiansThe Mississippians• On this journey, the Spanish

encountered the Indian chiefdoms of the Mississippian period.

Journey of Death & Journey of Death & DisappointmentDisappointment

• Food was a continual problem.• Often seized stored food supplies from Indians.• Meat was in such short supply that the expedition reportedly even ate the dogs of some Indian villages.

De Soto’s weapons, plated armor, and horses overwhelmed the Native Americans; thousands of American Indians in Georgia died, many from disease brought by the Spaniards.

DiseasesDiseases The Native Americans were exposed for

the first time to European diseases against which they had little resistance.

MeaslesChicken poxSmall pox

During the two centuries following the discovery of

the New World, 90% of the Native

Population vanished.

DescendantsDescendants

CherokeesCreeks

The Spaniards marched across Georgia into South Carolina, but never found the gold they sought.


Hernando de Soto 1540 Spain



Explored Georgia and Southeastern North America

Failed to Find Riches, Brought Death and Destruction to Indians

French Claims in the French Claims in the SoutheastSoutheast

• France was the 3rd European power to enter the race for North America.

• Giovanni de Verrazano believed that he could sail westward

from Europe to Asia.

• First, landed on

the Carolina coast.


Giovanni de Verrazano 1524 France



Explored Coast of North America

Established France’s Claim to North America

Jean RibaultJean Ribault• Jean Ribault and a band of 150 Hugenots

(French Protestants) landed on Florida’s coast and sailed northward looking for a place to settle.

Charles FortCharles FortJust north of present-day Savannah, Ribault

discovered a protected inlet, which he named Port Royal.

The French constructed Charles Fort, the first European fort on the North American mainland.

Two years later a second group of Hugenots arrived and

built Fort Caroline.


Jean Ribault 1562 France



Explored Coast of North Florida and Georgia

Established Charles Fort in the Carolinas, north of Present Day Savannah

Catholic Spain Was Catholic Spain Was Outraged! Outraged!

• Pedro Menendez and a large force of soldiers and colonists sailed from Spain.

• They quickly drove the French out and captured Fort Caroline and then executed the French Huguenots.

Spanish SettlementsSpanish Settlements• Menendez founded St. Augustine (Spain’s

first successful settlement in North America).

• In an attempt to convert the Indians to Christianity, Spain built Catholic Missions.

• Friars (Church missionaries) lived and worked with the Indians at these outposts.


Pedro Menendez 1565 Spain



Florida Founded St. Augustine, Spain’s first successful settlement in North America

Spanish Settlements in Spanish Settlements in GeorgiaGeorgia

• Georgia’s coast was divided into two Spanish provinces:

© 2005 clairmont press chapter 4 1477-1752 explorers

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