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Chapter 4

Reaching the Audience

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The Self-Centered Speaker

Focus on self

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The Audience-Centered SpeakerFocus on audience

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Analyzing and Adapting

• Analyze

• Adapt

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Analyzing and Adapting

• Analyze

• Adapt

What do listeners know about ice

packs as first aid?

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Getting Informationabout the Audience

• Interviews

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Getting Informationabout the Audience

• Surveys

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Audience Diversity

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Audience Diversity

• Gender

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Audience Diversity

• Age

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Audience Diversity

• Educational background

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Audience Diversity

• Occupation

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Audience Diversity

• Religious affiliation

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Audience Diversity• Economic and social status

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Audience Diversity

International Listeners

• Respect taboos

Approval?Or insult?

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Audience Diversity

International Listeners

• Learn nonverbal signals

Evasive?Or respectful?

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Audience DiversityAmerica’s Diverse Cultures

• Avoid ethnocentrism

Are arranged marriagessuperior?

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Audience Diversity

America’s Diverse Cultures

• Learn expectations and viewpoints

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Audience DiversityListeners with Disabilities

• The best resource

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Audience Diversity

Listeners with Disabilities

• Listeners who have mobility impairments

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Audience Diversity

Listeners with Disabilities

• Listeners who are deafor hearing-impaired

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Audience Diversity

Listeners with Disabilities

• Listeners who are blind or visually impaired

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Audience Knowledge

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Audience Knowledge

• Audiences that know a lot about the topic

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Audience Knowledge

• Audiences that know little or nothing about the topic

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Audience Knowledge

• Mixed audiences

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Audience Psychology

Excited? Indifferent?

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Audience Psychology

Interest level

• Assess with a survey

• Create interest

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Audience Psychology

Attitudes toward the goal

• Unfavorable

• Neutral

• Favorable

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Audience Psychology

Attitudes toward the speaker

Attitudes toward the occasion

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The Occasion

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The Occasion

Time limit

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The Occasion

Purpose of the event

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The Occasion

Audience size

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Adapting during the Speech

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Tips for Your Career

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Tip 4.1Develop a Positive

Attitude Toward Each Audience

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Tip 4.2Work Closely

with Interpreters

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Tip 4.3Be Prepared to Trim Your

Remarks