Evolution to let

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chapter one: Overview Of Mobile Generation Networks chapter two: Second And Third Generation NetworksChapter three : LTE chapter four :Evolution to LTE

Chapter five : case study "Hardware Architecture in MTN Yemen

INTRODUCTION

chapter oneOverview Of Mobile Generation Networks

INTRODIONThe First-generation System

The second-generation System

The third-generation System

The Fourth-generation System

MOBILE NETWORK EVOLUTION:-

Multiple-access Techniques:-

Multiple-access Techniques

FDMA

TDMA

CDMA

Frequency-division Multiple Access (FDMA):-

Time-division Multiple Access (TDMA):-

Code-division Multiple Access (CDMA):-

ModulationsModulations

GMSK

PSK

8-PSK

QPSK

Modes of operation:

Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode:

Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode:

chapter two Second And Third Generation Networks

Part One: Second Generation Networks

INTRODUCTIONTo provide higher-quality (less noise-prone) mobile voice communications.

The second generation of the cellular phone network was developed. While the first generation was designed for analog voice communication, the second generation was mainly designed for digitized voice.

Second generation

IS-136 D-AMPS

GSM

IS-95 CDMA

D-AMPS The product of the evolution of the analog AMPS into a digital system is digital AMPS (D-AMPS).

D-AMPS was first defined by IS-54 (Interim Standard 54) and later revised by IS 136. D-AMPS is a digital cellular phone system using TDMA and FDMA.

GSMThe Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) can be found in Europe in the early 1980s. GSM is a digital cellular phone system using TDMA and FDMA.

GSM Architecture

Mobile Station (MS)The mobile station is made up of two parts: The handset or mobile equipment (ME). The subscriber identity module (SIM).

Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

Network Subsystem (NSS)

Development of Second Generation

EDGE GPRS

GSM

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

New ElementsServing GPRS Support Node (SGSN)

Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

Border Gateway (BG)

Legal Interception Gateway (LIG)

Domain Name System (DNS)

Packet Control Unit (PCU)

Enhanced data rates in GSM Environment (EDGE)GSM Circuit Switched Core Network

PSTN

Internet BSC

GPRS Core Network

Enhanced Air Interface Solution Using

Part two Third Generation Networks

INTRODUCTION3G Systems are intended to provide a global mobility with wide range of services including telephony, messaging, Internet and broadband data .

3G

CDMA2000

UMTS

UMTS Architecture

UMTS NETWORK COMPONENTSUser Equipment (UE)

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)

Core Network (CN)

ME

UEUSIM

node B UTRAN RNC

CN

Circuit Switched domain (CS)

Packet Switched domain (PS)

MSC/VLR

GMSC

CS

SGSN

GGSN

PS

EIR HLRCS & PS

AuC

CDMAone Architecture

CDMA2000 Architecture

New Platforms

Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN)

Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)Home Agent

Router

Firewall

Commonality Between WCDMA & CDMA2000

Global standard. High quality. Worldwide roaming capability. Multimedia application services and terminals. Improved spectrum efficiency. Flexibility for evolution to the next generation of wireless systems. High-speed packet data rates.

chapter three LTE

IntroductionThe first research began around the early 1990s so as to develop technology that could cater for very high data rates, with simultaneous guaranteed QoS.Present subscriber requirements include downloading videos and music etc.

LTE Concepts Requirements for LTE

System architecture

The Core Network

LTE Architecture

The Access Network

The E-UTRAN is responsible for all radio-related functions: Radio Resource Management Header Compression Security Connectivity to the EPC

LTE Downlink Transmission Scheme OFDMA

1 resource block= 12 subcarrier

Downlink advantages

OFDMAHigh Spectral Efficiency Robust Against interference Support for MIMO Reduced Receiver Complexity

Resource Allocation

LTE Uplink Transmission Scheme SC-FDMA OFDMA properties are less favourable for the uplink , This is mainly due to weaker peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) properties of an OFDMA signal, resulting in worse uplink coverage. the LTE uplink transmission scheme for FDD and TDD mode I based on SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access).

SC-FDMA characteristics :

SC-FDMA

Reduced Peak-toAverage Power Ratio (PAPR)

Improved coverage

Reduced equalizer complexity

Lower power consumption

Overview of multiple antenna techniques

Single input single output

Multiple input single output

Single input multiple output

Multiple input multiple output

chapter four Evolution to LTE

IntroductionReasons of development in 3GPPGlobal Generation Supports previous generations

Table Releases from 3GPPVersionRelease 99 Release 5 Release 6 Release 7

DataEnd of 1999 2002 End of 2004 Mid of 2007

DescriptionFirst UMTS HSDPA HSPA HSPA+

Release 8

In progress

LTE

Comparison of 2G-3G-4G Technologies:Technology /feature Data Bandwidth Switching2G 14.4 kbps Circuit 2.5G 14.4 kbps Circuit for access network & air interface; Packet for core network and data TDMA,CDMA 3G 2 Mbps Packet except circuit for air interface 4G 200 Mbps All packet

Multiple access Core Network:

TDMA, CDMA PSTN

CDMA

CDMA

PSTN and Packet Packet network network

Internet

Different LTE evolutionary paths

Hardware "Comparison of 3G-4G Mobile Station (MS)

Base Stations

Evolved Packet core (EPC)

UMTS EvolutionTechnology Evolution

SAE architecture

Cost-efficiency

Conclusion

Chapter fiveCase study Hardware Architecture in MTN Yemen

Introduction

The Mobile Equipment (Hand Set) MEIs subscriber equipment which enable user to access radio network via radio interface.

MS

Is loaded with Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) which identify individual subscriber in network.

( BSS) are divide two type:.

BTS or BS

BSC

BTS units:Antenna: Power amplifier (PA) : Transceiver (TRX): Combiner : Alarm extension system:.

Control function

BTS

The number of BTS in BSC is based on number of TRXs.BTS GSM 900 BTS GSM1800

The BTS in GSM 900 is consists of 4 TRXs ,and the BTS in GSM 1800 is consists of 8 TRXs , each 4 TRXs have the same frequencies The BTS in system GSM 900 is the same the system for BTS GSM 1800, but different between it are frequencies and the connection method between them by the suma.

The Base Station Controller(BSC)

BSC Hardware Architecture:BSC Hardware (HW) architecture: ATCA Shelf SSW: Subsystem serves switch

LIU Shelf

TP GSM: Transmission Processing board: CCP: Control Processing board:

MUX board: LIU boards:

OMCP: O&M Control Processing board:

Operation and Maintenance center(OMC):

Network subsystem( NSS ):The Network Subsystem also known as Circuit Core Network. The NSS is responsible of the call control, service control and subscriber mobility management function.

The switch divide to :universal media gateway (UMG) .mobile service switching center (MSC) .home location register (HLR) Softx3000

UMG)

service switching module user access module

UMG8900 can be divided into two parts: .

H.248/O&M/SIGTRAN UMG8900 TDM/IP/ATM Trunk SSM TDM Connection TDM/IP/ATM Trunk

UAM

UAM

......

UAM

ASL/DSL/PRA/DDN/FE

Front view of frames of service switching module Front view of the cabinet of service switching module

softx3000 hardwarePower distribution frame Service processing frame Air deflector Service processing frame Integrated shifter LAN switch Disk array Bam IGWB ( standby) IGWB (active) Blank filter panelsoftx3000 hardware

iGWB server Disk array

Integrated switcher

LAN Switch

Home location register HLRThe HLR9820 consists from the aspect of function ofSAUSignaling Access Unit

HDUHLR Database Unit SMUSubscriber Management Unit BAMBack Administration ModuleFigure 5.15 HLR

See figure 5.15

NSS NSS NSS

No.7 ATM 2M IP SAU TCP/IP HDU TCP/IP SMU LAN BNH

TCP/IP LAN BAM NMS

functional modules

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