7 plane table surveying – closed traversing aim to run survey lines between various field object...

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CE6311 – SURVEY PRACTICAL I

LAB MANUAL

www.Vidyarthiplus.com

www.Vidyarthiplus.comwww.studentsfocus.com

CE6311 – SURVEY PRACTICAL I

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Study of chains and its accessories.

2. Aligning, Ranging and Chaining.

3. Chain Traversing.

4. Compass Traversing.

5. Plane Table Surveying: Radiation.

6. Plane Table Surveying: Intersection.

7. Plane Table Surveying: Traversing.

8. Plane Table Surveying: Resection – Three point

problem.

9. Plane Table Surveying: Resection – Two point

problem.

10. Study of levels and leveling staff.

11. Fly leveling using Dumpy level.

12. Fly leveling using tilting level.

13. Check leveling.

14. LS and CS.

15. Contouring.

16. Study of Theodolite.



INDEX

Ex.No

Date

Name of the Experiment

Marks

Signature

of Staff

CHAIN SURVEY 1 Study of Chains and Its accessories 2 Aligning, Ranging and Chaining of a

line

3 (a) Chain Traversing – Determination of the area of the given boundary with respect to a point

3 (b) Chain Traversing – Determination of the area of the given boundary with respect to base line

COMPASS SURVEY 4 Compass Traversing – Closed

Traversing

PLANE TABLE SURVEY 5 Plane Table Survey – Radiation

Method

6 Plane Table Survey – Intersection Method

7 Plane Table Survey – Closed Traversing Method

8 Plane Table Survey – Resection: Three Point Problem

9 Plane Table Survey – Resection: Two Point Problem

LEVELLING 10 Study of Levels and Leveling Staff 11 Fly leveling Using Dumpy Level 12 Check leveling using Dumpy level 13 Longitudinal and Cross sectional

leveling along a road

THEODOLITE SURVEY 14 Study of Theodolite



2 ALIGNING, RANGING AND CHAINING OF A LINE

Aim

To measure the distance between two points on a level ground by aligning, ranging and chaining.

Instrument Required

1. Chain 2. Ranging Rod 3. Arrows 4. Cross staff 5. Pegs

Procedure

1. Fix the ranging rods at the given two points, where pegs are already driven on the ground.

2. The follower stands behind station A and direct the leader with ranging rod to come in line with AB.

3. By signals of ranging, when the ranging rod comes in the line of AB the follower direct the leader to fix ranging rod.

4. Let the intermediate point C which should be less than 30 m. Now, the leader takes another rod and stand between A and B about 2/3 distance from A.

5. The follower directs the leader to come line of AB by using signals of ranging, as and when the follower direct to fix the ranging rod position.

6. Let another intermediate point D, which is less than 30 m from B. Now A, B, C and D are in one line. Now the leader and follower measure the distance.

Result

The distance between A and B =



3(a) CHAIN TRAVERSING – DETERMINATION OF THE AREA OF THE GIVEN BOUNDARY WITH RESPECT TO A POINT

Aim

To determine the area of the given boundary by using chain survey with respect to a point.

Instrument Required


Formula used

Area of the triangle (A) = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)𝑠 − 𝑐)

Where, 𝑆 = 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐2

a, b and c – the sides of the triangle

Procedure

1. Let A,B,C,D and E be the given field whose area to be measured. 2. Fix the pegs at A,B,C,D and E. 3. Divide the area into five triangles by OAE, OED, ODC, OCB and OBA. 4. Measure the length of the three sides of the triangles as given field. 5. Calculate the area of the each triangles. 6. The sum of the area of the five triangles is the area of the given field.

Result

The area of the given field =



3(b) CHAIN TRAVERSING – DETERMINATION OF THE AREA OF THE GIVEN BOUNDARY WITH RESPECT TO A BASE LINE

Aim

To determine the area of the given boundary by using chain survey with respect to a base line.

Instrument Required


Formula used

Area of the triangle (A) = 12𝑏ℎ

Area of the trapezoidal (A) = 12(𝑎 + 𝑏)ℎ

Procedure

1. Let A,B,C,D,E and F be the given field whose area to be measured. 2. Fix the pegs at the A,B,C,D,E and F. 3. To select the base line which is visible. 4. To locate the perpendicular offset by using cross staff at required

stations. 5. To split the given area into number of triangles and trapezoids. 6. Measure the length of the sides of the triangles and trapezoids. 7. Calculate the area of the each triangles and trapezoids. 8. The sum of the area of all the triangles and trapezoids gives the area

of the given field.

Result

The area of the given field =



4 COMPASS TRAVERSING – CLOSED TRAVERSING

Aim

To conduct compass survey along the closed traverse.

Instrument Required

1. Prismatic compass 2. Chain or Tape 3. Ranging rods 4. Pegs or arrows

Formula used

Included angle = Back bearing of previous line – Fore bearing of next line

Check

The sum of the included angles should be equals to (2n-4)900

Where, n – number of sides of the traverse

Procedure

1. Fix the closed traverse A B C D E. 2. Setup the compass at the station A. 3. Perform the temporary adjustment. 4. View the object at B and note down the fore bearing (FB) of the line

AB and measure the distance. 5. View the object at E and note down the back bearing (BB) of the line

EA. 6. Shift the instrument to station ‘B’ performs all the temporary

adjustments. 7. Sight the object at ‘A’ and take the ‘BB’ of ‘AB’. 8. Take ‘FB’ of ‘BC’ and measure the length of ‘BC’. 9. Check whether the difference of ‘FB’ and ‘BB’ is 180º or not, at all

stations. 10. Continue the same process all at other stations.



Observations & Table

S.No STATION LINE LENGTH (m) ANGLE 1 A AB

AE 2 B BA

BC 3 C CB

CD 4 D DC

DE 5 E ED

EA

Result

The amount of closing error =



5 PLANE TABLE SURVEYING – RADIATION METHOD

Aim

Setting up the plane table and plotting a few object by radiation method.

Instrument Required

1. Plane table 2. Tripod 3. Alidade 4. Plumb bob with fork 5. Trough compass 6. Sprit level

Formula used




Procedure

1. Select a point “O “so that all points to be located are visible from it. 2. Set up the table at “O”, level it, and do centring. 3. Select a point “O” on the sheet so that it is exactly over station “O” on

the ground. 4. Mark the direction of the magnetic meridian. 5. Centring the alidade on “O” bisect the objects of traverse A, B, C, D

and E. 6. Measure the distances OA, OB, OC, OD and OE plotted to convenient

scale to locate a, b, c, d and e respectively 7. Join the points a, b, c, d and e on the paper.

Result

The outside of the profile is plotted.

The boundary area =



6 PLANE TABLE SURVEYING – INTERSECTION METHOD

Aim

To plot different field objects by using intersection method.

Instrument Required

1. Plane table 2. Tripod 3. Alidade 4. Plumb bob with fork 5. Trough compass 6. Sprit level 7. Ranging rods 8. Pegs or arrows

Procedure

1. Set the table at A, level it and transfer the point A on the sheet by way of plumbing fork. Clamp the table.

2. With the help of the trough compass, mark the north direction on the sheet.

3. Pivoting the alidade about a, sight it to B. Measure AB and plot it along the ray to get b. The base line ab is thus drawn.

4. Pivoting the alidade at a, sight the details C, D, E, F, G and draw corresponding rays.

5. Shift the table at B and set it there. Orient the table roughly by compass and finally by back sighting A.

6. Pivoting the alidade about b, sight the details C, D, E etc. and draw the corresponding rays along the edge of the alidade to intersect with the previously drawn rays in c, d, e etc.

7. The positions of the points are thus mapped by way of intersection.

Result

The outside of the profile is plotted.



7 PLANE TABLE SURVEYING – CLOSED TRAVERSING

Aim

To run survey lines between various field object by closed traversing with using plane table surveying.

Instrument Required

1. Plane table 2. Tripod 3. Alidade 4. Plumb bob with fork 5. Trough compass & Sprit level 6. Tape 7. Ranging rods 8. Pegs or arrows

Formula used




Procedure

1. Set the table at A. Use plumbing fork for transferring A on to the sheet. Draw the direction of magnetic meridian with the help of trough compass.

2. With the alidade pivoted about a, sight it to B and draw the ray. Measure AB and scale off ab to some scale. Similarly draw a ray towards E, measure AE and plot e.

3. Shift the table to B and set it. Orient the table accurately by back sighting A. Clamp the table.

4. Pivoting the alidade about b, sight to C. Measure BC and plot it on the drawn ray to the same scale. Similarly, the table can be set at other stations and the traverse is completed.

Result

The outline of the profile is plotted and the boundary area is =



8 PLANE TABLE SURVEYING – RESECTION: THREE POINT PROBLEM

Aim

Determine the instrument station by three point problem method using graphical method.

Instrument Required

1. Plane table 2. Tripod 3. Alidade 4. Plumb bob with fork 5. Trough compass 6. Sprit level 7. Tape 8. Ranging rods 9. Pegs 10. Arrows

Procedure

1. Let A, B, C be the known points and a, b, c be their plotted positions. Let P be the position of the instrument station to be located on the map.

2. Set the table on P. Orient the table approximately with eye so that ‘ab’ is parallel to AB.

3. Draw a line ‘ae’ perpendicular to ‘ab’ at a. Keep the alidade along ‘ea’ and rotate the plane table till A is bisected. Clamp the table. With b as centre, direct the alidade to sight B and draw the ray ‘be’ to cut ‘ae’ in e.

4. Similarly, draw ‘cf’ perpendicular to ‘bc’ at c. Keep the alidade along ‘fc’ and rotate the plane table till C is bisected. Clamp the table. With b as centre, direct the alidade to sight B and draw the ray ‘bf’ to cut ‘cf’ in f.

5. Join e and f. Using set square, draw ‘bp’ perpendiculat to ‘ef’. Then p represents on the plan the position P of the table on the ground.

6. To orient the table, keep the alidade along ‘pb’ and rotate the plane table till B is bisected. To check the orientation draw rays aA, cC both of which should pass through p.



Result

The instrument station P is plotted in the sheet has p using plane table three point problem method (Graphical method)



9 PLANE TABLE SURVEYING – RESECTION: THREE POINT PROBLEM

Aim

Determine the instrument station by three point problem method using graphical method.

Instrument Required

1. Plane table 2. Tripod 3. Alidade 4. Plumb bob with fork 5. Trough compass 6. Sprit level 7. Tape 8. Ranging rods 9. Pegs 10. Arrows

Procedure

1. Let us take two points A and B, the plotted positions of which are known. Let C be the point to be plotted. The whole problem is to orient the table at C.

2. Choose an auxiliary point D near C, to assist the orientation at C. Set the table at D in such a way that ‘ab’ is approximately parallel to ‘AB’ (either by compass or by eye judgement). Clamp the table.

3. Keep the alidade at ‘a’ and sight A. Draw the resector. Similarly, draw a resector from b and B to intersect the previous one in d. The position of d is thus got, the degree of accuracy of which depends upon the approximation that has been made in keeping ‘ab, parallel to AB. Transfer the point d to the ground and drive a peg.

4. Keep the alidade at d and sight C. Draw the ray. Mark a point c1 on the ray by estimation to represent the distance DC.

5. Shift the table to C, orient it (tentatively) by taking back sight to D and centre it with reference to c1. The orientation is thus, the same as it was at D.

6. Keep the alidade pivoted at ‘a’ and sight it to A. Draw the ray to intersect with previously drawn ray from D in c. Thus, c is the point



representing the station C, with reference to the approximate orientation made at D.

7. Pivoting the alidade about c, sight B. Draw the ray to intersect with the ray drawn from D to B in b’. Thus b’ is the approximate representation if B with respect to the orientation made at D.

8. The angle between ab and ab’ may coincide (or may become parallel) keep a pole P in line with ab’ and at a great distance. Keeping the alidade along ab, rotate the table till P is bisected. Clamp the table. The table is thus correctly oriented.

9. After having oriented the table as above, draw a resector from a to A and another from b to B, the intersection of which will give the position C occupied by the table.

Result

The instrument station C is plotted in the sheet has ‘c’ using plane table two point problem method.



11 FLY LEVELING USING DUMPY LEVEL

Aim

To determine the elevations and level difference between the given points.

Instrument Required

1. Dumpy level 2. Leveling staff 3. Plumb bob 4. Arrows

Procedure

1. To set up the instrument at a convenient point and do all the initial adjustments.

2. To direct the telescope towards the first point (Bench Mark) and enter the reading as back sight (BS).

3. To enter the reading of the last visible point from the instrument stations as fore sight (FS) and of all the other points as intermediate stations (IS).

4. Similarly do the same procedure for other three change points.




(I) Height of collimation method HI = RL + BS

STATION BS IS FS HI RL REMARKS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13

Calculations

Last RL – First RL = ∑BS - ∑FS



(II) Rise and Fall method

STATION BS IS FS RISE FALL RL REMARKS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13

Calculations

Last RL – First RL = ∑BS - ∑FS = ∑RISE - ∑FALL

Result

The level difference between consecutive points are calculated.



12 CHECK LEVELING USING DUMPY LEVEL

Aim

To determine the elevations and level difference between the given points.

Instrument Required

1. Dumpy level 2. Leveling staff 3. Plumb bob 4. Arrows

Procedure

1. To set up the instrument at a convenient point and do all the initial adjustments.

2. To direct the telescope towards the first point (Bench Mark) and enter the reading as back sight (BS).

3. To enter the reading of the last visible point from the instrument stations as fore sight (FS) and of all the other points as intermediate stations (IS).

4. Similarly do the same procedure for other three change points.




(I) Height of collimation method HI = RL + BS


10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Calculations




(II) Rise and Fall method

STATION BS IS FS RISE FALL RL REMARKS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Calculations

Last RL – First RL = ∑BS - ∑FS = ∑RISE - ∑FALL

Result

The level difference between consecutive points are calculated.



13 LONGITUDINAL AND CROSS SECTIONAL LEVELING ALONG A ROAD

Aim

To plot the longitudinal section and cross section of the given road using the method of fly leveling.

Instrument Required

1. Leveling staff 2. Leveling instrument (Dumpy level) 3. Ranging rods 4. Cross staff 5. Chain 6. Tape 7. Pegs 8. Arrows

Longitudinal section

The operation of taking level along the center lines if any augments at regular intervals is known as longitudinal leveling. Back sight, intermediate sight and fore sight are taken at regular intervals at every setup of the instrument to the nature of the ground surface.

Cross section

The operation of taking level along the transverse direction of the longitudinal leveling. The cross sectional leveling is taken at regular interval along the augment.

Procedure

1. The instrument was setup along the side of the road and the necessary adjustments were made.

2. Then the bench mark is fixed by sighting the instrument on any permanent structures.

3. The width of the road is measured and the staff is held at the midway of proposed road.

4. The central hair reading is noted down, then the staff is shifted to the right and the left side and the reading is recorded.



5. Similarly the same procedure is carried out by keeping the staff at regular intervals.

6. Then the reduce levels of the offsets were calculated and the profile is shown in the graph.




Height of collimation method HI = RL + BS


10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 34 35 36



STATION BS IS FS HI RL REMARKS 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

Calculations


Result

The reduced level of various points along the cross section and longitudinal section are determined and the graph is plotted to the scale.



7 plane table surveying – closed traversing aim to run survey lines between various field object...

Documents