all organisms are made of four types of carbon-based molecules: 1. carbohydrates 2. lipids 3....

10

Carbohydrates

Upload: dortha-mckenzie

Post on 12-Jan-2016

217 views

Category:

Documents

0 download

Report

Download

Embed Size (px):

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: All organisms are made of four types of carbon-based molecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids The molecules have different

Carbohydrates

Page 2: All organisms are made of four types of carbon-based molecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids The molecules have different

All organisms are made of four types of carbon-based molecules:

1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acids

The molecules have different structures and functions, but all are formed with carbon chains and rings.

Four Main Types of Carbon-Based Molecules are Found in Living Things

Page 3: All organisms are made of four types of carbon-based molecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids The molecules have different

Carbohydrates are molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they include sugars and starches.

Most carbohydrates have a specific ratio of the elements that make them up. That ratio is generally 1C:2H:1O Example: C6H12O6

Carbohydrates are useful because they can typically be broken down to provide a source of usable chemical energy for cells.

Carbohydrate Introduction

Page 4: All organisms are made of four types of carbon-based molecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids The molecules have different

Carbohydrates are also a major part of plant cell structure.

The most basic carbohydrates are simple sugars, known as monosaccharides.

Monosaccharides generally contain 5 or 6 carbon atoms, and common examples are glucose and fructose. Glucose is a hexose; fructose is a pentose.

Carbohydrates Continued...

Many simple sugars take the form of both chains and rings, such as glucose.

Fructose

Page 5: All organisms are made of four types of carbon-based molecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids The molecules have different

Glucose is one of the sugars made by plant cells during photosynthesis.

Fructose is a sugar that is commonly found in fruits.

Glucose and Fructose

Fructose is often found in fruits...

Page 6: All organisms are made of four types of carbon-based molecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids The molecules have different

Monosaccharides are composed of one simple sugar, such as glucose or fructose.

Disaccharides are two simple sugars bonded together. When glucose and fructose bond together, they form sucrose. You probably know sucrose better as table sugar.

More Than One Saccharide...

Monosaccharides bond together to form longer

chains through DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS.

Page 7: All organisms are made of four types of carbon-based molecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids The molecules have different

Other disaccharides include lactose (formed from glucose and galactose) as well as maltose (formed from two glucose molecules).

Galactose is an important component of milk and milk products, including breast milk.

Maltose is often produced when starch is broken down by amylase, and can be further broken down to produce its glucose subunits.

Other Disaccharides

Page 8: All organisms are made of four types of carbon-based molecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids The molecules have different

Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides, which can also be called polymers of monosaccharides.

Recall from before that polymers are long chains of monomers. In this case, the monomers are the monosaccharides.

Important polysaccharides include starches, glycogen, and cellulose.

Polysaccharides

Page 9: All organisms are made of four types of carbon-based molecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids The molecules have different

Starch and glycogen are very similar. Starch is the storage form of glucose in plants. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals.

Cellulose is different from either of these two polysaccharides because of its straight, rigid structure. This makes cellulose hard to break down. You may have eaten cellulose if you have ever tried celery (it’s the stringy crap).

Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose

Page 10: All organisms are made of four types of carbon-based molecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids The molecules have different

Starch vs. Cellulose

Ch. 5-Biomolecules- Life’s 4 large molecules carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids

Organic Macromolecules. 4 major classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids Large molecules that are found in all living organismsLarge molecules

2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids) are found in all organisms. These molecules

Lipids Objective: B2 - Compare the structures & functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids & their organization into long complex molecules

Biological Molecules. Life is carbon-based chemistry Hydrolysis and Synthesis of Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

The Molecules of Cells Chapter 3. Overview Introduction to Organic Compounds Categories of Reactions Molecules of Life –Carbohydrates –Lipids –Proteins

A2-A6 Bio Molecules Supplemental€¦ · A& P 12 A2-A6 Bio Molecules Carbs, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids Supp PDF . Cell Carbohydrates Carbohydrates first and foremost function

Organic Molecules Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids and Nucleic Acids NC Essential Standard Bio.4.1

Chapter 5: Macromolecules AP Biology. 4 Classes of Large Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Biological Molecules Lipids ProteinsNucleic Acids Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates Nd Lipids

Carbohydrates & Lipids

Molecules of Life Chapter 2 Part 2. 2.6 Organic Molecules The molecules of life – carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids – are organic molecules

Chapter 2-1. These molecules have specific jobs in the cell. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

THE MOLECULES OF LIFE Organic Molecules ORGANIC MOLECULES FOUR MAIN CATEGORIES : carbohydrates: fuel & building material lipids: fats & oils proteins:

Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins

Bio-organic molecules 1. carbohydrates 2. proteins 3. lipids 4. nucleic acids

Got Energy? Carbohydrates and Lipids Carbohydrates 0 Building block molecules = monosaccharides sugar 1:2:1 CHO Ratio

Carbohydrates and lipids

Biological Molecules Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids

Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Chapter 5: Macromolecules Macromolecules Large organic molecules built by smaller molecules. 4 major classes of macromolecules: – carbohydrates – lipids

Marvelous Macromolecules Chapter 5 Macromolecules Large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules Four Major Classes Carbohydrates Lipids

Organic Molecules Objective 2.01: Compare & Contrast the structure & functions of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, & Nucleic Acids

Unit 5 Macromolecules. Molecules that make up living things Carbon-based molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

Organic Molecules: Lipids Hydrophobic organic molecules More calories per gram than carbohydrates. Four primary types: –fatty acids –triglycerides –phospholipids

3 Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids. 3 Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids 3.1 What Kinds of Molecules Characterize Living Things? 3.2 What Are the

Carbohydrates & Lipids

THE MOLECULES OF LIFE. ORGANIC MOLECULES FOUR MAIN CATEGORIES : carbohydrates: fuel & building material lipids: fats & oils proteins: perform most cell

Chapter 3: Water, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic ... · Lipids ! Proteins ! Nucleic Acids . Polymers ! Many complex organic molecules are polymers (large molecules made

Molecules of Life Chapter 3. 3.1 Molecules of Life Molecules of life are synthesized by living cells Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules › ... › 5851 › 05_Lecture_Presentation.pdf · 2019-08-28 · large biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,

Review of Organic Molecules 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids

Molecules of Life. Molecules of life are synthesized by living cells Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

Lipids Mr. Chapman Biology 30. Introduction to Lipids Lipids are non-polar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol. Lipids, similar to carbohydrates,