Complete the review sheet on the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment for Thursday.

Test on the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Friday

◦ Multiple Choice

◦ Matching Questions

◦ Short Answer Questions

Homework

Do Now: Complete the Enlightenment Matching Quiz.

Aim: Why did some monarchs in Europe become “enlightened?”

A. As the spirit and ideas of the Enlightenment spread through Europe, some monarchs become enlightened despots (absolute rulers who follow some Enlightenment ideas).

I. Enlightened Despotism

Frederick II Catherine the Great Joseph II(Prussia) (Russia) (Austria)

A. Many rulers learned about Enlightenment ideas from Diderot’s Encyclopedia (1772): 35 volume work, explained new ideas in art, science, government and religion.

B. Encyclopedia criticized the church, government and legal system. As a result, the French government tried to stop publication in 1759.

C. Last volumes were completed in secret, but the book was a huge success!

II. Diderot’s Encyclopedia

A. Reforms – Influenced by Voltaire

◦ Elementary education for all children

◦ Abolished torture◦ Supported most forms

of religious tolerance ◦ Reduced censorship

III. Prussia (Germany) → Frederick II (ruled 1740-1786)

III. Prussia (Germany) → Frederick II (ruled 1740-1786)B. Limitations

◦ No religious tolerance for Jews

◦ Refused to free serfs from the land

◦ Did not make reforms to achieve justice but to make his own rule more powerful

A. Reforms – Based on letters with Voltaire and Diderot

◦Drafted a new Russian constitution to allow religious tolerance and abolish torture and the death penalty.

◦Gave money to Diderot to finance his encyclopedia

IV. Russia → Catherine the Great (ruled 1762-1796)

IV. Russia → Catherine the Great (ruled 1762-1796) B. Limitations

◦ The new constitution was never actually put into practice

◦ She intended to free the serfs, but wealthy landowners stopped her.

◦ She eventually became a tyrant and put even more people under serfdom.

A. Reforms:

◦ Eliminated torture and the death penalty

◦ Granted religious tolerance to Protestants and Jews

◦ Abolished serfdom◦ Reduced power of the

church◦ New legal codes

V. Austria → Joseph II (ruled 1780-1790)

B. Limitations:

V. Austria → Joseph II (ruled 1780-1790)

◦ Changes were resisted by the nobility and the church. After Joseph died, most of his reforms were eliminated.

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Group Activity- Grading the Enlightened Despots

Which ruler do you think was the most enlightened? Which ruler was the least enlightened?

Is it possible to be an absolute ruler and truly follow the ideas of the Enlightenment? Explain.

Concluding Questions