End of the Terror End of the Committee of Public Safety Jacobin club shut down Churches reopened - the end of

dechristianization Economic control/regulation of the

economy ended A new more stable and conservative

constitution written

1. Two chamber/part legislature - the Council of 500 and the Council of Elders

2. Executive branch = the 5 Directors ran the govt - they were chosen by the Council of Elders

3. In October 1795 radical people in Paris try to overthrow the Directory - the government uses the army (Napoleon) to crush them

4. The government of the Directory relies on the military to stay in power

Stagnation, corruption, and government greed

A time of materialism and flaunting of wealth

The Directory was hated by political enemies on the left and right

On the right - royalists hated and wanted a return of the monarchy

On the left - radical/Jacobins hated it and wanted a return to the time of Robespierre and the Committee

wanted to overthrow the directory

wanted to eliminate private property and private businesses - make economic equality

Led “the Conspiracy of Equals”

The conspiracy was crushed in 1796 and Babeuf was executed in 1797

Napoleon dominates European history from 1799-1815

Napoleon ended the French Revolution in 1799 - but he claimed he personified the revolution …”I am the revolution”

Born in Corsica in 1769 Son of a lawyer who was from the minor nobility Wins a scholarship to study at a military academy in

France Earns a commission as an officer in the French army Trains in artillery command = cannons Spends a 7 year period becoming intensely self-

educated in science, philosophy, military history, etc.

By the age of 25 he has risen to the rank of Brigadier General in 1794

In 1796 he is made commander of French armies in Italy

Napoleon defeats the Austrians and drives them out of Italy

1797 - begins to plan an invasion of England then cancels the invasion

1798/1799 - leads and invasion of Egypt which will attempt to then move to threaten India

1799 - British fleet cuts off supplies going to the French army in Egypt

1799 - Napoleon bails out on and abandons his army in Egypt…returns to France but is still seen as a hero

The Battle of the Pyramids

1799 - the “coup of Brumaire”… Napoleon is invited to participate in the overthrow of the government of the Directory

1799 - after the overthrow of the Directory Napoleon is given the position of “First Consul”…he is the leader of a three man executive body leading the new govt

1802 - Napoleon has himself elected “consul for life”

1804 - Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of France = Emperor Napoleon I

The Coronation of Napoleon asEmperor – painted by Jacques Louis David