Косвенная речь и согласование времён

Reported Speech and Sequence of Tenses

Когда рассказчик передает речь другого человека словами самого этого человека, без изменений, дословно – это прямая речь (Direct Speech). Когда же он излагает чужую речь своими словами, то это косвенная речь (Reported Speech). Чужая речь при этом немного изменяется.

Reported Speech and Direct Speech

Direct Speech: Tom said “I am feeling ill”. Reported Speech: Tom said that he was feeling ill.

Reported Speech and Direct Speech

Изменить личные и притяжательные местоимения.

Изменить форму глагола-сказуемого в придаточном предложении, соблюдая правило согласования времён (если сказуемое главного предложения имеет форму прошедшего времени)

При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную нужно:

Изменение времени глагола в косвенной речи

Прямая речь Косвенная речь

writewrite wrotewrote

wrotewrote had writtenhad written

will writewill write would writewould write

is writingis writing was writingwas writing

was writingwas writing was writing/was writing/

had been writinghad been writing

have writtenhave written had writtenhad written

had writtenhad written had writtenhad written

have been writinghave been writing had been writinghad been writing

Изменение времени глагола в косвенной речи

Прямая речь Косвенная речь

Present Simple Past Simple

Present Progressive Past Progressive

Present Perfect Past Perfect

Present Perfect Progressive

Past Perfect Progressive

Past Simple Past Perfect

Past Perfect Past Perfect

Past Progressive Past Perfect Progressive

Past Perfect Progressive Past Perfect Progressive

Future Future-in-the-Past

Лексические изменения при переводе прямой речи в косвенную

herehere therethere

this/thatthis/that these/thosethese/those

todaytoday that daythat day

agoago beforebefore

nownow thenthen

tomorrowtomorrow The next dayThe next day

yesterdayyesterday the day beforethe day before

last nightlast night the previous night the previous night

to say – сказать Sasha said: ”I am from Russia”. Sasha said to Mike: ”I am from Russia”.

to tell – сообщать, рассказывать Sasha told Mike that he was from Russia.

Verbs to say/to tell

Direct Speech: Tom says to Sasha :”You are a good

sportsman now”.Reported Speech:

Tom said that Sasha was a good sportsman then.

Перевод утверждений (statements) в косвенную речь

Общие (General): Sasha asked: ”Do you like Atlanta?” He asked me if (whether) I liked Atlanta.

Специальные (Special) He asked: ”When shall we meet tomorrow”. He asked when we should meet the next

day.

Перевод вопросов (questions) в косвенную речь

Приказания, команды, просьбы(Orders, commands, requests)

Sasha said to me :”Give me your telephone number”

He asked me to give him my phone number.

Reported Speech

1. Jimmy said, “My brother is learning to drive”.2. Nick said, “I come home by tram every day”.3. Bob said, “My uncle has just arrived from

Paris”.4. The teacher told the students, “I haven’t read

you papers yet”.5. Mary said, “I don’t want to wear my old

dress”.

Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech

1. The farmer said that he hadn’t grown any wheat since 1975.

2. My sister said that she hadn’t got a watch.

3. She said that her children were playing in the garden.

4. I told him that I hadn’t seen his brother for a long time.

5. The teacher told his students that he was going to give them a test.

Change the following sentences into Direct Speech

1. Peter asked:”Who has taken my book?”

2. I asked my mother: “What did the teacher say?”

3. He asked Roger: “When do you usually get up?”

4. I asked the gardener: “What are you planting here this year?”

5. The policeman asked: “Who left this car here?”

Change the following sentences into Direct Speech

1. He asked his friend: “Do you like the wine?”

2. I asked my sister: “Did you leave the book at home?”

3. He asked his wife: “Is the baby asleep?”4. I asked the old gentleman: “Are you

feeling tired?” 5. I asked Frank: “Did you buy a new car?”

Change the following sentences into Direct Speech