Name: _______________________________________________________________________________

STUDY GUIDE: ECOLOGY

1. Label the ecological levels of organization in the diagram below

2. In the food web below, label a PRODUCER, PRIMARY CONSUMER, SECONDARY CONSUMER, and TERTIARY CONSUMER

3. When the mouse eats the grass, what percentage of the grass’s total energy goes to the mouse?

10%

4. Is this the same for the snake? How much energy does the snake get from the mouse?10%

1. Individual

2. Population

3. Community

4. Ecosystem

5. Biome

Tertiary consumer

Secondary consumer

Primary consumer

Producer

5. In the energy pyramid above, which level has the largest number of organisms?

Producers

6. In the pyramid above, which level has the largest amount of energy?Producers

7. In the pyramid above, the producers conduct photosynthesis. Does that make them autotrophs or heterotrophs?

autotrophs

8. Match the words in column B with the definitions in column A.

9. For the stories below, indicate whether each organism is benefitting, harmed, or unaffected with a smiley face. Then describe the type of symbiosis.

Clownfishes live within the waving mass of tentacles of sea anemones; Because most fishes avoid the poisonous tentacles, the clownfishes are protected from predators

Clown fish Sea Anemones Type of Symbiotic

relationship :I commensalism

10. For each story below, indicate what the organism’s habitat is and what its niche is.

A) Tapeworms are segmented flatworms that attach themselves to the insides of the intestines of animals such as cows, pigs, and humans. They get food by eating the host's partly digested food, depriving the host of nutrients.HABITAT: intestines of animals

NICHE: parasite

 

The remora, a sucker-fish, lives in close association with sharks or other larger fish. The dorsal fin of the sucker-fish is modified to form a sucker; it uses this to attach itself to the shark; The sucker-fish is small and does not injure (or benefit) the shark, but envoys the shark's protection and lives on the scraps formed as the shark devours its prey

Remora Shark Type of Symbiotic relationship

:I commensalism

E

F

B

A

D

C

Producer herbivore omnivore carnivore

 Bees fly from flower to flower gathering nectar, which they make into food.. When they land in a flower, the bees get some pollen on their hairy

bodies, and when they land in the next flower, some of the pollen from the first one rubs off, pollinating* the plant (so that it can reproduce).

Bee Flower Type of Symbiotic relationship

mutualism

 Fleas bite into their host’s skin, sucking their blood, and causing them to itch. The fleas, in turn, get food and a warm home.

Flea Host Type of Symbiotic relationship

parasitism

B) Oxpeckers (a kind of bird) land on rhinos or zebras and eat ticks and other parasites that live on their skin. The oxpeckers get food and the beasts get pest control. Also, when there is danger, the oxpeckers fly upward and scream a warning.HABITAT: in the savanna, on backs of animals

NICHE: consumer, heterotroph

11. For each of the biomes below, indicate its average temperature, rainfall, and biodiversity

Temperature (hot, cold, or moderate)

Rainfall (high, low, or moderate)

Biodiversity (high, low, or moderate)

Tropical rain forest Hot HIGH HIGH!!!!

Taiga moderate moderate moderate

Deciduous forest moderate moderate moderate

Grassland moderate moderate moderate

Tundra Cold Low Low

Desert hot Low Low

12. ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION. For the diagram below, label where/when in the timeline the following events would occur: ecological disruption, pioneer species, climax community

Ecological disruption Pioneer species Climax community

13. For the paragraph below, fill in the blanks using ecological succession vocabulary provided in the word bank.

Ecosystems abiotic factors

Ecological successionLava flow

Pioneer species Primary succession

Climax community Fire

Secondary succession

14. Label the diagrams below with the type of growth rate they display.

Exponential Logistic

15. In Figure 2, the population levels off. This leveling off point is called the

Carrying capactiy

16. For the chart below, identify if the limiting factor is density-dependent or –independent.

17. For the limiting factors in the chart below, determine if they are biotic or abiotic.

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18. What is habitat fragmentation? Give some examples. What effects does it have on the environment?

Habitat destruction is anything from deforestation, clear-cutting trees, urbanization, mining, coastal degradation, and coral reef destruction. It decreases the biodiversity of the ecosystem because it destroys animals and plants’ living spaces and causes them to go extinct.

19. What is an invasive species? Why is it detrimental to an ecosystem?

An invasive species is a foreign species that is introduced to a new environment. This is a problem because it can choke out or kill preexisting species. This is because they do not have natural predators, so their population booms.

20. List some other ways humans have negatively impacted the environment.Pollution (air, water, nuclear), greenhouse gasses, global warming, over-harvesting of natural resources

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