השפעות עצביות וכימיקליות web viewthe two factor theory of emotion. schachter...
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self esteem
social cognitation
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Ross + Samuals (1993)
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participant observation
archival analysis
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basic Vs. applied research
basic research
applied research
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(Perception-Behavior Link)
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(Accessibility)
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(Applicability)
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Priming
(Higgins)
perseverance effect
, (Hubbard)
.
(Perception-Behavior Link). .
. -
1)
2)
3)
priming . .
( )
Trope (1986)
,
:
1. ( / )
2. ()
3.
4. ( )
5.
Gilbert (1989)
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Over-thinking
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Harold Kelly (1950)
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.
linda Carli (1999)
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Higgins, Rholes & Jones (1977)
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priming- .
Bargh
Higgins - ( )
priming-
Ross, Lepper & Hubbard (1975)
. / . . .
(perseverance effect) , , .
Rosenthal & Jacobson (1968)
IQ. ,
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Bartlett (1932)
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.
Gillbert
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( , )
Bargh, Chen & Burrows (1997)
1.
2. ( )
- (" priming) .
, / . .
Milgram
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(Availability)
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. acssesability-.
(bias sampling)
Schwartz (1991)
6 ( ) 12 () . 6 .
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(1973)
( ) base rate
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(1974)
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(controlled thinking)
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Harkness, DeBono & Borgida (1985)
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( )
(" Wegner)
monitoring process
operating process
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counterfactual reasoning
close call ( )
( " " , )
Wegner
(1995)
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2 . . .
Petrie et. al (1998)
3 .
Madvec, Madey & Gilovich (1995)
,
-counterfactual reasoning
.
Reasoning- .
.
4-
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(Facial feedback hypothesis)
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(1859)
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(1872)
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(1924)
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- Ekman & Friesen
(1962-1971)
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6 (, , , , ) .
Susskind
et al, 2009
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:
1. ( / ) - valence
2. ( / ) arousal
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. (90% )
1
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2
( )
3
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4
5
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Social role theory
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Implicit Personality Theory
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Attribution Theory
()
= . ( , ) ( ), -
(The fundamental attribution error)- , .
Covariation model
3
(Kelley)
( )
Distinctiveness ( ) Consistency ( )
,
correspondence bias
The Fundamental Attribution Error .
- : Gilbert & Malone (1995)
:
:
:
1)
2) - .
Spotlight Effect
, .
/ Actor/ Observer Difference
() ( ), .
(Perceptual salience )
,
, .
:
Self Serving Attributions
. . .
Defensive Attributions
. , . ( , )
correspondence bias
Attributions self-serving
defensive Attributions
.
- .
, . ":
1. ( )
2.
3.
4. .
(Information integration
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1)
2)
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(Halo effect) -
(Primacy effect)-
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1)
2) .
(Recency effect)
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2)
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4)
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(1977)
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Asch
(1946)
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Asch
(1946)
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Wason Selection Task
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Hoffman
( ) . .
, - Implicit Personality Theory
Jones & Harris (1967)
/ , , .
The Fundamental Attribution Error.
Taylor & Fiske
, .
- .
Gilovich, Kruger & Medvec
( ).
Spotlight Effect ( )
Miller (1984)
, , .
correspondence bias
Attributions self-serving
5
(Self Schema)=
self concept(I) -
self awareness(me) - ( )
1.
(, )
2. ()
3. ( )
4.
5. (, )
6.
7.
8. ( )
-
( )
(independent)
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(interdependent)
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(interdependence relational)
( )
(collective interdependence)
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( )
(Self-Differentiation)-
(Role Taking)
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Self-reference effect
( ) ( ) .
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5. -
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1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
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1)
2)
.
Shape up
Ship out
(Self-discrepancy theory)
3 :
1. (actual)
2. ((ideal
3. (ought) "
( )
"telling more than we can know"
Reasons generated attitude change