01 interaction between biotic components

7/29/2019 01 Interaction Between Biotic Components

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Interaction Between Biotic

Components


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Commensalism Relationship between 2 species thatbenefits one species but either benefits

nor harms the other species.

Commensal Host

Epiphytes Epizoics

+ o

Plants Animals

2 types


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Green plants.

Doesnt drive nutrition from

its host. (photosynthesise)

Faces difficulties in getting

water & minerals.

Adaptation:

has a swollen stem at its

base to store water.

Has special roots (aerial

roots) to absorb moisture.

Roots are coated withspongy layer (velamen)

which prevents roots tissue

from drying out.

Has sunken stoma to

reduce water loss.

Epiphyte

Birds nest fern

Staghon fern

Pigeon orchid

Swollen stem

Aerial roots


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Adjacent fronds overlap

to form a nest

Thick waxy cuticle

covers the epidermis

of the fronds (the

leaves of a fern)

Collects fallen leaves,

pieces of tree bark,

particles from air, bird

dropping, rain water

Others adaptations:

Ants make their nest

among the roots to

increase the organic

content of this nest

from decaying of

substances in the nest


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Competition: Interaction between 2 organisms living together in a

habitat and competing for limited recourses.

Animal usually compete forfood, shelterand

breeding mates, while plants compete forspace,

light, nutrients and water.

2 types:

Interspecific competition.

Intraspecific competition.


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Microorganisms (protozoa & bacteria) and

herbivores

There are protozoa & bacteria living in the

alimentary canal ofherbivore, produce the

enzyme cellulase to digest the cellulose of plant

material taken by host.

A large part of the sugar produced is absorbed by

the host herbivore. The balance is used by themicroorganisms.


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Shell

Sea anemone

(buran laut)

(host) Hermit crab

(umang-umang)

Sea anemone live on

the top of the shell of

marine snail.

The hermit crab gets

protection from the

tentacles of the sea

anemone.

Sea anemone gets

transported and

sources of food from

hermit crab


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Relationship between two organisms

where the parasite benefits but the

host is harmed.

2 types:

Endoparasites

Ectoparasites


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Endoparasite

s Tapeworms, flukes, plasmodium (caused malaria).

Adaptation:

no nervous systems and sense organ.

no digestive tracts, they absorb food through the whole

body surface.

have protective cuticle & anti-enzymes to prevent being

digested by hosts enzymes, acids or alkalis.

have flattened shape to cling on to the host.

carrying out anaerobic respiration.

great reproductive system.


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Ectoparasites

Animal ectoparasites

on plant hosts

Have hook to attachthemselves on their

hosts

Have sharp mouthparts for hooking,

sucking or biting.


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Animal

Ectoparasites

Plant

Ectoparasites

Have no leaves, stems or

roots.

Uses its strands of fungus

like tissue to draw nutrients

from host vine.


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Prey-Predator Relationship

The relationship exists when a weaker

animal (the _________) is hunted and

eaten by anotherstronger animal (the__________).

This relationship is important to keep

different animal populations of anecosystem in balance.


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Prey or Predator?


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rats

owls Prey

increase

Predator

increase

Prey

decrease

Predator

decreaseThe dynamic equilibrium of the

preys and predators population


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Saprophytism

Animals that feed on dead organic matter that has been

digested.

Saprophytes produce enzymes to digest and decomposethe dead complex organic matter.


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Symbiosis

Means living together.

Permanent and close relationship

between 2 or more different species.

There are 3 categories:

Commensalism

Parasitism

Mutualism

01 interaction between biotic components

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