01 lpd introduction
DESCRIPTION
sdfsdTRANSCRIPT
ce
i@u
pm
.es
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Power management for electronic
systems – low power design
Pedro Alou ([email protected] )
Teresa Riesgo ([email protected])
2
Power management of electronic systems
Goals
Powerconverter
Electronicload
W
3
Power management of electronic systems
Goals
Understand the importance of power consumption in electronic
systems
Learn how and why the circuits consume power
Low power design techniques (at design time, at run time)
Power sources for energy aware systems
Power converter design for low power consumption
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Power management of electronic systems
Outline of the course
Introduction Structure of the subject
Evolution of power consumption in digital systems
Power consumption basics How an electronic system consumes power – CMOS technology
Challenges in technology scaling and in (low) power supplies
Optimizing power in digital systems Low power design techniques at different levels (circuit, logic, RTL, system…)
Optimizing power at run time
Power estimation Dynamic and static techniques
Different abstraction levels
Power sources Battery powered devices
Energy harvesting
Low power supplies and converters Voltage regulators
Dynamic Voltage Scaling
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Power management of electronic systems
Activities
3 ECTS
~28 lecture hours (equivalent to 2 hours/week)
Lab sessions
Personal work … up to ~75 hours of student effort
Assignments
Lab work (TBD)
Research work
Final evaluation
Based on all the activities + final exam
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Power management of electronic systems
Calendar
lectures
2/02
11/02
23/02
25/02
11/02
25/02
01/03
03/03 03/03
08/03
10/03 10/03
9/02
18/02 18/02
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Power management of electronic systems
Information comes from…
…and many scientific/technical papers
ce
i@u
pm
.es
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Power management for electronic systems –
low power design
1. Introduction
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Power management of electronic systems
Some history
Kilby1958
Bardeen, Brattain, Shockley
1947Nobel
56
Nobel 2000
transistor
Integrated circuit
https://www.fairchildsemi.com/about/history-heritage/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLNh4UY5ohw
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Power management of electronic systems
More history
Intel 4004 (1970) 1.500 trs.
Pentium II (1996) 10.000.000 trs.
Intel Xeon-Phi (2012) 5.000.000.000 trs.nVIDIA GK110 (2012)7.000.000.000 trs.
microprocessors
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Power management of electronic systems
Moore’s law
In 1965, Gordon Moore predicted that the number of transistors per chip would double every 18 months it is true!
40048008
80808085 8086
286386
486Pentium® proc
P6
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
Tra
nsis
tors
(M
T)
2X growth in 1.96 years!
Microprocessors https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3IUVvJ2XgI
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Power management of electronic systems
Moore’s law
1,000,000
100,000
10,000
1,000
10
100
1
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
8086
80286i386
i486Pentium®
Pentium® Pro
K1 Billion
Transistors
Source: Intel
Projected
Pentium® II
Pentium®
III
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Power management of electronic systems
Moore’s law
40048008
80808085
8086286
386486Pentium ® proc
P6
1
10
100
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
year
Die
siz
e (
mm
2)
~7% growth per year
~2X growth in 10 years
Die size growth
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Power management of electronic systems
Performance evolution…
P6
Pentium ® proc486
38628680868085
8080
80084004
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
year
freq
(M
Hz)
The operating frequency of microprocessors doubles
every two years
Doubles every
2 years
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Power management of electronic systems
… and the power consumption…
P6Pentium ® proc
486
386
2868086
80858080
80084004
0.1
1
10
100
1971 1974 1978 1985 1992 2000
year
Po
wer
(Watt
s)
The power consumption is unaffordable!!
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Power management of electronic systems
The power consumption will be (is) THE problem…
5KW 18KW
1.5KW
500W
40048008
80808085
8086286
386486
Pentium® proc
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1971 1974 1978 1985 1992 2000 2004 2008
year
Po
ten
cia
(W
att
s)
Power supply and dissipation id prohibitive
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Power management of electronic systems
Power / Frequency
ITRS_2013SysDrivers_Summary.pdf
www.itrs.net
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Power management of electronic systems
Power density
40048008
8080
8085
8086
286386
486Pentium® proc
P6
1
10
100
1000
10000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
year
Po
wer
den
sit
y (
W/c
m2)
Power density does not allow to maintain the PN junctions at low temperature
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Power management of electronic systems
Is power consumption so important?
Year 2005 2006 2007 2010 2013 2016
Feature Size/nm 80 70 65 45 32 22
MTransistors/chip 1286 1620 2041 4081 8163 16326
Max Clock/GHz 5.2 5.6 6.7 11.5 19.3 28.8
Main Voltage/V 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6
Power (high)/W 170 180 190 218 251 288
Power (battery)/W 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0
Source: Borker, De Intel
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Power management of electronic systems
Is power consumption so important?
It is foreseen that the average battery life will increase by 30-40% over the next five years
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Power management of electronic systems