04 pp t235 start
TRANSCRIPT
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Starting System Principles Uses battery power
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AUTOMOTIVE STARTING
SYSTEMS Starter Circuit
Electric DC Motor(starter motor)
Solenoid or Relay
Gear Drive Switches& Controls
Wiring Testing
Removing Starter
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STARTING SYSTEM PARTS Battery
Ign i t ion sw itch
Solenoid
Star t ing m otor
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STARTER
CIRCUIT
Battery / Cables
Magnetic
Switches Solenoids
Pull in Windings Hold in Windings Pinion Gear
Starter Relay
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Starter Circuit Simplified
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Starter Solenoid Functions
* Close battery to
starter connection * Push pinion gear
into fly wheel
* Bypass the
resistance wire ofignition circuit
Move the starter
dr ive in to mesh w .
f lywheel
Complete the
starter circu i t
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Starting System Action
Energizes solenoid
Current flows to
Solenoid
Turn key
Connects current to
starter motor
Motor turns flywheel Turns crankshaft
Moves pistons up and down
1
Turns starterion forward
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Starter System Action cont.
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Starter Motor Fundamentals
Converts Electrical Energy
From Battery
Into
Mechanical Energy
TORQUE
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DC MOTOR Basic
Components Housings and
End Frames
Pole Shoes
(magnets) Field Coils
(windings) x 3 or 4 Arm ature (spin s)
Commutator
Brushes x4
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MOTOR OPERATION
Magnetic Field Action
made of invisible lines of force (flux)
flow through wire flow around wire alike charges repel Dissimilar Charges attract(spinning action) Used to produce motion
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DRIVE MECHANISM
Positive engagement
Movable pole shoe
Solenoid-actuated Gear reduction drive
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Simple Electric Motors
Wire loop field
Set up between
poles POLE SHOES
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Commutators and Brushes
Used to keep motor spinning by controlling current passing through windings
commutator
Sliding electrical connection Between motor windings and brushes Many segments Insulated from each other
Motor brushes Ride on comutator (slide on commutator) Carry current to spinning windings
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Commutators and Brushes
Increasing Motor Power
several windings
wires Commutator
several segments
constant smooth motion
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Armatures
Must produce HIGH torque
turning power relatively high speed
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Starter Armature parts
shaft
supports windings/armature
inside housing
Core (holds windings in place) made of iron (Fe)
increases magnetic field strength
Commutator
for brush contact Windings
wires
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Pinion gear mechanism
Pinion gear
Clutch
Housing
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Starter Pinion Gears
Small gear on armature shaft
Engages to flywheel
Meshes
Fly Wheel Turns Engine
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Overrunning Clutch
Locks pinion gear in one direction
Releases it in other direction
Spiral grooves in shaft
Al lows star ter motor to crank the
engine
Protects the star ter from damage i f
the star ter is cranked whi le the eng ine
is running
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Starter Solenoid
High current relay
Makes electrical connection between
Battery & starter Electromagnetic switch
Handle VERY HIGH currents
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Starter Solenoid Operation
Key turned (start position)
Current flows through solenoids windings
Produces magnetic field Pulls plunger and disc into coil windings
Causes disc to touch both high current
terminals
Completes circuit battery to starter
Current of 150-200A
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Solenoid
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Key Released
Current disconnected
Magnetic field collapses
Plunger slides back
Starter shuts off
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Increasing Motor Power
Several windings
Wires
Comutator
Several segments
Constant smooth motion
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RELATED MOTOR
TERMINOLOGY
Left hand or right hand rule
Torque
Current Draw
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STARTER DRIVE END
Connects the armatureshaft to the flywheel.
Usually shifted out by thesolenoid.
Contains an over- runningclutch for protection.
Pinion gear meshes withthe flywheel ring gear.
Returned to the rest
position by a spring.
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SOLENOID
A linear motor
Contains two windings a
pull-in and a hold-in
winding. Pushes the starter
drive(pinion) into mesh
with the flywheel ring
gear. Completes the circuit to
the motor.
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CONTROL CIRCUIT
Starting
Safety Switch
Neutral SafetySwitch
Ontransmission
On Clutch
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Starting Motor Types
classified by:
kind of pinion gear engagement
moveable pole shoe solenoid
Movable pole shoe uses a yoke Y
moves pinion gear hinged shoe on
starter frame
yoke links pole shoe & pinion gear
I t l M t Ci it
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Internal Motor Circuits
3 common internal
connections
Series maximum torque
torque decreasesthroughout cranking
Shunt Less torque
More constant torque Compound
series/shunt good toque
constant speed
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Neutral Safety Switch
prevents cranking
unless in P or N
Ford - brake on
LOCATION
Connected in ser ies w i th the ign i t ion
sw i tch and so leno id
shifter or transmission
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Starter Relay
Uses small current to
control
a
LARGERcurrent
Computer controls circuit(mV)
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Starter Types
Starter Mounted Solenoids
plunger moves shift lever
GM/Chrysler Permanent Magnet Starter
Use high strength permanent magnets
NOT CONVENTIONAL WINDINGS
= MORE torque
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Starter Motor Torque
Must turn engine all components
Can Not Stall
Reduction starter extra set of gears increase rotating force higher speeds
higher torque more constant cranking speeds
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Problems
Starter relay or soleno id cl ic ks
low battery charge Whin ing
Plunger stuck Grinding
Poor engagement
Slow turn Low battery Internal sho rt
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Battery Load Test
VAT 40
All Accessories on
CCA
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Test
Cranking Voltage
DVOM across battery Cranking Current
Test
Inductive Pick Up Current draw
150-200 AMPS
Voltage Drop Test
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Tests Test Relay
Ground Circuit
Resistance Test
Starter Relay BypassTest
Ground test
Bench test
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Starter Motor Disassembly