05 cardiovascular system physiology part2

7/26/2019 05 Cardiovascular System Physiology Part2

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Cardiovascular System

Physiology IIGian Carlo Delante, PhB PTRRPT


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Blood Vessel


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Cross-Section of rtery andVein


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Circulatory System as Dou!le "oo#

System


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Blood Volume Distri!ution

Total Blood Volume $TBV% & ' " Veins & ()*

capacitance vessels or blood reservoir

rteries & +)*

eart "ungs & +'*

Ca#illaries & '*


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Pressure Gradient


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Pressure, .lo/ andResistance


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.actors 0ecting Blood Pressure

Peri#heral resistance +1 Diameter of the !lood vessel

21 Thic3ness or viscosity of the 4uid

51 "ength of the !lood vessel


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Blood Vessel Diameter

Vasoconstriction raises BP Vessel diameter is actively regulated !y

vasomotor fbers o the SNS /hich

release norepinephrine, a #o/erfulvasoconstrictor

Vessel diameter is also regulated by

blood-borne vasoconstrictors epinephrine, angiotensin,vasopressin (ADH)


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Blood Viscosity

Greater viscosity 6 greater resistance6 greater #ressure

ematocrit 0ects !lood viscosity and therefore

!lood resistance


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Total Blood Vessel "ength

"onger total vessel length 6 greaterresistance encountered 6 greater!lood #ressure needed 789 BP di0erence in infants and adults


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:ther .actors that 0ect BP

+1 Blood vesselelasticity


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:ther .actors that 0ect BP

21 Blood volume


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Cardiac :ut#ut and BP


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Resistance to Blood .lo/


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Control of Blood .lo/

Pressure gradient Generally 3e#t relatively constant

Radius;diameter of vesselThe !est /ay to regulate !lood 4o/

through an organ


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Blood Pressure

The force that !lood e8erts against!lood vessel /alls

Results /hen 4o/ is met !yresistance from vessel /alls


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Blood Pressure Gra#h


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Systolic Pressure


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Dichrotic =otch

Re#resents the interru#tion ofsmooth 4o/ due to the !riefbackfowof !lood that closes theaortic valve /hen the ventriclesclose


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Diastolic Pressure

"o/est #ressure in the artery

Result of ventricular diastole $rela8ation%

>sually around ?) mmg


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Pulse Pressure

Di0erence !et/een systolic #ressure and

diastolic #ressure Pulse #ressure & SBP 6 DBP

@thro!A felt /hen you ta3e your #ulse


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Blood Pressure Sounds


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Veins

The movement of !lood along veins isassisted !y these mechanisms9 Venous valves

:ne /ay valves #revent venous !lood from !ac3-4o/ing


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Ca#illary Di0usion


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.iltration Rea!sor#tion

$Starling .orces%


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The .our Starling .orces


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Starling .orces 6 ydrostatic

Pressure

CP9 the #ressure on the 4uid forcing itout/ard on the /alls of the ca#illaries & 5'mmg $+' mmg at venous end%I.P9 the #ressure from the 4uid in the

interstitial com#artment #ushing !ac3 on the


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Starling .orces 6 :smotic.orces

9 Colloid :smotic .orces:.PP9 osmotic force caused !y large#roteins in the #lasma & 2? mmg

:.IS9 osmotic force caused !y large #roteins

in the interstitial 4uid

& 5 mmg


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=et .iltration Pressure


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The e8cess 4uid and other dissolvedsu!stances /hich enter theinterstitial s#ace are returned !ac3

into the circulation through thelymphatic system

"ym#h nodes lter and screen the

4uid for foreign #articles !eforesending it !ac3 into the venoussystem


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7dema

n increase in the ca#illaryhydrostatic #ressure caused !yincreased !lood #ressure Eeight lifting

decrease in the #lasma osmoticforce Severe malnutrition

!loc3age or disru#tion of thelym#hatic system

R di l t t

05 cardiovascular system physiology part2

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