S.R.I. EXTENSION IN INDONESIA

World Bank Global Learning Network, October 28, 2008

USA-INDONESIA-JAPAN-CAMBODIA

ISWANDI ANAS* AND S. SATO***PROFESSOR IN SOIL BIOTECHNOLOGY, BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY (IPB),

CAMPUS DARMAGA, BOGOR 16680, INDONESIAEmail address: aiswandi@indo.net.id and iswandi742@yahoo.com

CHAIRMAN OF INDONESIAN SRI (Ina-SRI); Member of National Fertilizer BoardFNCA BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZER COORDINATOR FOR INDONESIA

** TEAM LEADER FOR DISIMP AND NIPPON KOII

NATIONAL INTEREST

• RICE IS THE MAIN STAPLE FOOD FOR INDONESIA• 220 MILLION POPULATION: 7.8 MILLION HA ; 4.8 TON/HA• NATIONAL RICE PRODUCTION 2007 (57.157 MILL. TONNES) 2008 (59.887 MILL. TONNES)

RICE DEFICIT: IMPORTS NECESSARY , MAY CAUSE POLITICAL INSTABILITY

GOVERNMENT POLICY: MAINTAIN FOOD SECURITY • 5% YEARLY INCREASE IN RICE PRODUCTION NEEDED• MANY RICE CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGIES IMPLEMENTED,

INCL. INTEGRATED PLANT MANAGEMENT (PTT), NOW S.R.I

HISTORY OF S.R.I ADOPTION IN INDONESIA

• IMPORTANT ROLES IN SRI :

1. H. de LAULANIE2. PROF. NORMAN UPHOFF3. SHUICHI SATO –NIPPON KOEI

PRESIDENT OF REPUBLIC OF INDONESIAMINISTRY OF AGRICULTUREFARMERS/PRACTIIONERS

TEN YEARS of PROGRESS IN S.R.I .ADOPTION IN INDONESIA (1997-2008)

1997-2002 2002-2006 2007-2008

PERIODE OF S.R.I INTRODUCTION SLOW ADOPTION TRANSITION

S.R.I AREA VERY LIMITED; SOME START WITH NATL. IPM

CA. 10,000 HA>13,000 FARMERS8 PROVINCES

> 20,000 HA> FARMERS28 PROVINCES /33

GOVERNMENT INTEREST/SUPPORT

EVALUATIONS AT RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE IN 1999-2002

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS(PU) THROUGH DISIMP

STRONG SUPPORT FROM PU; ALSO MOA (DEPT. OF LAND MGMT.)

INVOLVEMENT OF RESEARCHINSTITUTES, NGO,

INITIAL INTEREST AT SUKAMANDI (AARD)

SOME: WORLD EDUCATION, VECO, UNAND

MANY INSTITUTIONS NOW INTERESTED

RESTRICTIONS VERY STRONG MODERATE LESS

1997, Norman Uphoff made first presentation on SRI outside of 1997, Norman Uphoff made first presentation on SRI outside of Madagascar at Central Research Institute for Food Crops, Bogor, Madagascar at Central Research Institute for Food Crops, Bogor, with participation from Rice Research Institute (Sukamandi ) staff with participation from Rice Research Institute (Sukamandi ) staff

1999, Indonesian Rice Research Institute (MOA) carried out first 1999, Indonesian Rice Research Institute (MOA) carried out first field trial on SRI in Indonesiafield trial on SRI in Indonesia..

1999,1999, Organic SRIOrganic SRI was introduced in West Java through National was introduced in West Java through National IPM Program; in 2006, Organic-IPM Program; in 2006, Organic-SRISRI was practiced by 3,000 farmers was practiced by 3,000 farmers

In Eastern In Eastern IndonesiaIndonesia, Decentralized Irrigation Systems , Decentralized Irrigation Systems Improvement Project DISIMP) began evaluation in 2002, Improvement Project DISIMP) began evaluation in 2002, subsequently introducing subsequently introducing Basic SRIBasic SRI (partly organic, partly chemical (partly organic, partly chemical fertilization) in eastern provinces of Indonesia. By 2006—07, SRI fertilization) in eastern provinces of Indonesia. By 2006—07, SRI area area expanded to 4,246 ha (5,258 farmers) under Ministry of expanded to 4,246 ha (5,258 farmers) under Ministry of Public Works.Public Works.

By 2007, total area of SRI reached 10,000 ha in Indonesia.

1997-2002 2002-2006 2007-2008PERIOD INTRODUCTION SLOW ADOPTION TRANSITION

AREA (HA) VERY LIMITED CA. 10,000 HA>13,000 FARMERS8 PROVINCES

> 20,000 HA> FARMERS28 PROVINCES /33

SRI ADOPTION RATE IN INDONESIA

ADOPTION RATE WAS VERY SLOW. HOWEVER, IN NEAR FUTURE WE ARE OPTIMISTIC THAT THE ADOPTION RATE OF SRI WILL BE FASTER THAN BEFORE. WHY? - STRONG SUPPORT BY FARMERS, GOVERNMENT, RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, NGOS, UNIVERSITIES, AND OTHERS- BETTER UNDERSTANDING THAT SRI IS IN NATIONAL INTEREST, INCLUDING STRONG ENDORSEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT OF INDONESIA

SRI SPREAD IN THE INDIAN STATE OF TRIPURA

• Experimental demonstrations in farmers’ fields beginning after 2 years of experimentation by Dr. Baharul Majumdar, Department of Agriculture, Agartala:

• 2002-03 – 44 farmers @ 0.2 ha• 2003-04 – 88 farmers @ 0.2 ha• 2004-05 – 440 farmers @ 0.4 ha • 2005-06 – 880 farmers @ 0.4 ha

• Expansion from 2006 with State government support:• utilization in farmers’ fields is generally ~ 0.20 ha

• 2006-07 – 73,390 farmers ≈ 14,678 ha 2007-08 – 162,485 farmers ≈ 32,497 ha

Progress of SRI in DISIMP (SAT0, 2007)Progress of SRI in DISIMP (SAT0, 2007)

SRI Non-SRI Increase

2002 1 0.1 5.58 4.31 29.50%

2002 - 03 12 3.4 7.39 4.76 55.20%

2003 1 0.2 8.39 4.67 79.70%

2003 - 04 8 5.6 7.77 4.18 85.80%

2004 21 12.2 7.23 4.06 77.80%

2004 - 05 522 387.4 7.90 4.09 92.90%

2005 1,336 1,016.7 6.85 3.89 75.90%

2005 - 06 5,258 4,245.5 7.98 4.63 72.40%

2006 4,974 3,758.1 7.39 4.04 82.80%

Total 12,133 9,429.1 7.61 4.27 78.00%

Dry Paddy Yield (t / ha)Croppingseason

Farmers(nos)

SRI Area(ha)

Progress of SRI Practice in DISIMP

PROGRESS OF SRI SPREAD IN INDONESIA (SATO, 2006)PROGRESS OF SRI SPREAD IN INDONESIA (SATO, 2006)

SRI area > 100 haSRI area < 100 ha

In 2007/08 cropping season, total area of SRI reached 10,000 ha in Indonesia.

IN 2008, ALL OVER INDONESIA 28 PROVINCES

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT• 2007-2008 : INDONESIAN PRESIDENT AND MINISTER OF

AGRICULTURE ATTENDED HARVESTING CEREMONIES FOR SRI FOUR TIMES

• 21 OCTOBER 2008: STRONG STATEMENT OF MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE: ICM (PTT) IS SIMILAR TO SRI ,AND IT WILL BE ADOPTED THROUGHOUT INDONESIA

• MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE (DIRECTORATE-GENERAL OF LAND AND WATER MANAGENT ) COOPERATING ON SRI DISSEMINATION

• ADB LOAN OF US$ 3 MILLION FOR SRI EXTENSION IN THREE DISTRICT S IN WEST JAVA

• STRONG SUPPORT FROM FARMERS, NATIONAL LEADERS, MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT, AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

2 Menghemat air 40-50 % dan menghemat bibit sampai 80 %(Save water by 40-50%, save seedling by 80%)

3

4

Mampu memulihkan kesuburan lahan dan mampu memelihara keberlanjutan produktivitas lahan(Improve soil quality and, Sustainable soil productivity)

Ramah lingkungan (Enviroment -friendly)

ALASAN UTAMA PENGEMBANGAN SRI (MAIN REASONS WHY MOA SUPPORTS ADOPTION OF SRI, 2008)

1Produktivitas padi tinggi sehingga meningkatkan pendapatan petani (High yield and increase farmer income)

TEN YEARS PROGRESS S.R.I ADOPTION IN INDONESI (1997-2008)

1997-2002 2002-2006 2007-2008

PERIOD OF S.R.I INTRODUCTION SLOW ADOPTION

TRANSITION

INVOLVEMENT OF RESEARCHINSTITUTIONS, NGOS, PRIVATE SECTOR BODIES

NO/LESS SOME MANY

RESTRICTIONS VERY STRONG MODERATE LESS

RESEARCH INSTITUTES/UNIVERSITIES:

UNIVERSITIES: UNIVERSITY OF ANDALAS (WEST SUMATRA, 2002) BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY (IPB), research on WATER USE MANAGEMENT, WATER USE EFFICIENCY, SOIL FERTILITY/AGRONOMY, GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSION)

UNIVERSITY PAJAJARAN (WEST JAVA), UNIVERSITY OF GADJAH MADA, BANDUNG ISNTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SOME LOCAL UNIVERSITIES

RESEARCH INSTITUTES: IRRIGATION, WATER MANAGEMENT (MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORK); CENTER FOR RICE RESEARCH SUKAMANDI , WEST JAVA/MOA

PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS

• MEDCO FOUNDATION – OIL COMPANY• PT SAMPURNA

• NGOs FROM SUMATRA, JAVA, KALIMANTAN, BALI AND CELEBES, ETC.

INDONESIAN SRI (Ina-SRI)January 16, 2008

Mailing list; web site in Cornell university, establishing relations with other National SRI

• National seminars:

1. At Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, attended by more than 300 participants, Jan. 16, 2008

2. At Directorate-General of Food Crops MOA, June 13, 2008, attended by >300 participants

• 3. At Directorate-General of Land and Water Management, MOA: Farmers’ workshop and stake –holders’ workshop, October 20-21, 2008, attended by > 500 participants, from almost all parts of Indonesia

• -FARMERS’ DECLARATION• -MINISTER’S STATEMENT ON SRI

THAT IS S SIMILAR TO MOA’S PROGRAM ON INTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT (PTT) AND WILL BE PROMOTED TOGETHER

SRI TRAINING CENTER

• NAGRAK ORGANIC SRI CENTER IN SUKABUMI, WEST JAVA

• TRAINEES FROM MANY PLACES OF INDONESIA

• FELCRA MALAYSIA: COOPERATION WITH NEIGHBORING COUNTRY

• OTHER CENTERS:• CIAMIS, WEST JAVA,• WEST NUSA TENGGARA

(DISIMP, SATO- EAST TIMOR)

• EAST JAVA (NGAWI, MIYATTI)

• GOVERNOR OF C. JAVA (KOPENG)

• BALI (NGO)