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09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

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Page 1: 09 Sept. 2014Seed-plants.ppt1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 1

Most Familiar Plants

Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

Page 2: 09 Sept. 2014Seed-plants.ppt1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 2

SEED-BEARING PLANTS (Spermatophytes):

• Four Phyla of Kingdom Plantae Phylum Angiospermae = flowering

plants Phylum Coniferophyta = conifers Phylum Ginkgophyta = ginkgos Phylum Cycadophyta = cycads

Page 3: 09 Sept. 2014Seed-plants.ppt1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 3

Seeds

• Advantages• Contains multicellular

embryo, ready to grow.

• Contains food supply to nourish germinating young plant.

• Seed coat • resistant to drying, heat,

freezing, acids, etc.

• seeds can remain dormant until conditions favorable

Page 4: 09 Sept. 2014Seed-plants.ppt1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 4

Seeds

• Disadvantage• Large, expensive to

produce • energy, matter

• Seed plant can only make 100’s per season

(Spore-dispersed plants can make millions of spores.)

Page 5: 09 Sept. 2014Seed-plants.ppt1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 5

Phylum Angiospermae

Flowering Plants

Page 6: 09 Sept. 2014Seed-plants.ppt1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 6

Phylum Angiospermae, Flowering Plants

• Flower• sporophylls: sepals,

petals, stamens, carpel• Anther on stamen

produces microspores (meiosis) male gametophytes = pollen grains

• Ovule in ovary in carpel produces megaspore(s) female gametophyte = "embryo sac" in ovule

Page 7: 09 Sept. 2014Seed-plants.ppt1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 7

Phylum Angiospermae, Flowering Plants

• Double fertilization

• Zygote + endosperm tissue of embryo.

• Text Figure 25-10

• Female gametophyte completely enclosed in ovary• Phylum “Angiospermae”

= covered seed

Page 8: 09 Sept. 2014Seed-plants.ppt1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 8

Phylum Angiospermae, Flowering Plants

• Fruit developed from ovary.

• Embryo completely enclosed in fruit; • Seed coat develops from ovule (mother sporophyte)

Page 9: 09 Sept. 2014Seed-plants.ppt1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 9

Reasons for Success ofFlowering Plants

Page 10: 09 Sept. 2014Seed-plants.ppt1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 10

Reasons for Success of Flowering Plants

• ? Vascular tissue (xylem, phloem), • as in other vascular plants.

• ? Seeds, as in other seed plants.• ? Flowers• Ovary: safe enclosure for embryo• Petals (& sepals) attract pollinators

• also nectar & odors

• But, many are wind pollinated

Page 11: 09 Sept. 2014Seed-plants.ppt1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 11

Reasons for Success of Flowering Plants

• Fruits, adaptations for seed dispersal• Dehiscence (pods,

follicles, capsules, etc.)• Dry and burst scattering

seeds.

Page 12: 09 Sept. 2014Seed-plants.ppt1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 12

Reasons for Success of Flowering Plants

• Fruits, adaptations for seed dispersal• Sweet, fleshy fruits

(pome, drupe, berry, aggregate)

• Animal dispersal (mammals, birds, reptiles, some fish)

• Nuts• Planted by squirrels, etc.

Page 13: 09 Sept. 2014Seed-plants.ppt1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 13

Reasons for Success of Flowering Plants

• Fruits, adaptations for seed dispersal• Wind and Water

dispersal• Achenes with

parachutes, samaras

• Cling to fur, feathers• Hooks, barbs, glue

Page 14: 09 Sept. 2014Seed-plants.ppt1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 14

Phylum Angiospermae

• Class Eudicots• abbreviation of Eudicotyledonae

Page 15: 09 Sept. 2014Seed-plants.ppt1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 15

Phylum Angiospermae

• Class Monocots• abbreviation of Monocotyledonae

Page 16: 09 Sept. 2014Seed-plants.ppt1 Most Familiar Plants Spermatophytes = Seed Plants

09 Sept. 2014 Seed-plants.ppt 16

Orders of EudicotsOrders of Monocots

http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~apennima/Diversity/classification.htm

http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~apennima/Diversity/classification.htm
http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~apennima/Diversity/classification.htm

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