1

1 httpswwwicannorgensystemfilesfilesreport-23feb14-enpdf

2

2 See httpswwwarticle19orgdatafilesIntermediaries_ENGLISHpdf page 6 3 OECD The Economic and Social Role of Internet Intermediaries March 2010 p 9 available at wwwoecdorginternetieconomy44949023pdf 4 See httpunesdocunescoorgimages0023002311231162epdf at page 21

2

2 See httpswwwarticle19orgdatafilesIntermediaries_ENGLISHpdf page 6 3 OECD The Economic and Social Role of Internet Intermediaries March 2010 p 9 available at wwwoecdorginternetieconomy44949023pdf 4 See httpunesdocunescoorgimages0023002311231162epdf at page 21

3

5 See ARTICLE 19 Dilemma of Liability cited above at page 6 6 See Mme Marietta Karamanli rapporteure pour la Commission des Affaires Europeennes Rapport drsquoinformation no 3366 portant observations sur le projet de loi no 3318 pour une Reacutepublique numeacuterique 16 December 2015 httpwwwassemblee-nationalefr14europerap-infoi3366aspP346_63622 7 Ibid 8 Ibid 9 For more information see here httpwwwassemblee-nationalefr14projetspl3318asp 10 Articles 22-24 provide for more specific transparency obligations in relation to paid for

contentindexing contractual relations or other capitalistic links between the referencing and the referenced organisation

4

11 For more information about ICANN and its impact on freedom of expression see ARTICLE 19 ICANNrsquos Corporate Responsibility to Respect Human Rights Policy brief February 2015 httpswwwarticle19orgdatafilesmedialibrary37845ICANN-PAPER-WEBpdf 12 httpwwwnytimescom20150513technologyfacebook-media-venture-to-include-nbc-buzzfeed-and-new-york-timeshtml_r=0

5

13 httpwwwtelegraphcoukwomenwomens-life10086454How-three-women-took-on-sexist-Facebook-and-wonhtml 14 Eg Yahoo was founded in 1995 Google in 1998 and Facebook is already 11 years old Meanwhile other Internet giants such as online retailer Amazon have been in existence for over 20 years and Apple Inc for 40 years 15 Eeg Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1998 in the US E-Commerce Directive 2000 in the EU and

encryption issues (the lsquoCrypto Warsrsquo) in the US the Regulatory Investigatory Powers Act 2000 in the UK

6

16 See eg Rapport drsquoinformation no 3366 portant observations sur le projet de loi no 3318 pour une Reacutepublique numeacuterique 16 December 2015 cited above at fn 6

7

17 See EDRi Human Rights and Privatised Law Enforcement 25 February 2014 18 AHRC1727 paras 74-77 available here

httpwww2ohchrorgenglishbodieshrcouncildocs17sessionAHRC1727_enpdf 19 httpwwwosceorgfom78309download=true 20 httpswwwmanilaprinciplesorg 21 See for instance case comment on the decision of the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights in the Delfi v Estonia case (2015) httpsinforrmwordpresscom20151006case-law-strasbourg-delfi-as-v-estonia-strasbourg-undermines-freedom-of-expression-gabrielle-guillemincomments

6

16 See eg Rapport drsquoinformation no 3366 portant observations sur le projet de loi no 3318 pour une Reacutepublique numeacuterique 16 December 2015 cited above at fn 6

7

17 See EDRi Human Rights and Privatised Law Enforcement 25 February 2014 18 AHRC1727 paras 74-77 available here

httpwww2ohchrorgenglishbodieshrcouncildocs17sessionAHRC1727_enpdf 19 httpwwwosceorgfom78309download=true 20 httpswwwmanilaprinciplesorg 21 See for instance case comment on the decision of the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights in the Delfi v Estonia case (2015) httpsinforrmwordpresscom20151006case-law-strasbourg-delfi-as-v-estonia-strasbourg-undermines-freedom-of-expression-gabrielle-guillemincomments

7

17 See EDRi Human Rights and Privatised Law Enforcement 25 February 2014 18 AHRC1727 paras 74-77 available here

httpwww2ohchrorgenglishbodieshrcouncildocs17sessionAHRC1727_enpdf 19 httpwwwosceorgfom78309download=true 20 httpswwwmanilaprinciplesorg 21 See for instance case comment on the decision of the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights in the Delfi v Estonia case (2015) httpsinforrmwordpresscom20151006case-law-strasbourg-delfi-as-v-estonia-strasbourg-undermines-freedom-of-expression-gabrielle-guillemincomments

8

22 AHRC2932

9

23 See also for instance Satakunnan Markkinapoumlrssi Oy and Satamedia Oy v Finland no 93113 21 July 2015 which has been referred to the Grand Chamber The case concerns the extent to which news organisations may be prevented from re-using and re-publishing public information under data protection law (here tax records which under Finnish law is public information) 24 httpswwwarticle19orgresourcesphpresource38099enlegal-analysis-russias-right-to-be-forgotten

9

23 See also for instance Satakunnan Markkinapoumlrssi Oy and Satamedia Oy v Finland no 93113 21 July 2015 which has been referred to the Grand Chamber The case concerns the extent to which news organisations may be prevented from re-using and re-publishing public information under data protection law (here tax records which under Finnish law is public information) 24 httpswwwarticle19orgresourcesphpresource38099enlegal-analysis-russias-right-to-be-forgotten

10

25 Dink v Turkey nos 266807 610208 3007908 14 September 2010 26 See eg KU v Finland no 287202 sectsect 45-49 ECHR 2008

11

27 httpwwwshiftprojectorgpublicationeuropean-commission-ict-sector-guide 28 httpswwwglobalnetworkinitiativeorg 29 httpwwwtelecomindustrydialogueorgabout 30 httpbhrsternnyuedublogswhy-were-leaving-the-gni

12

31 httpsonlinecensorshiporg

13

32 httpeconomiauolcombrnoticiasvalor-online20140728facebook-e-lider-mas-perde-participacao-entre-

redes-sociais-no-brasilhtm 33 httpwwwtecmundocombrbrasil63192-brasil-segundo-maior-pais-acessar-redes-sociaishtm

14

34 httpwwwdwcomensurveillance-and-human-rights-in-the-digital-agea-18399282

15

35 httptecnologiaigcombr2015-12-01whatsapp-e-facebook-defendem-uso-da-criptografia-para-seguranca-

dos-usuarioshtml

16

36 httpblogsestadaocombrlinkespecialistas-questionam-bloqueio-do-whatsapp 37 httpswwwwhatsappcomfaqengeneral21864047

17