Economic and Financial

Instruments for IWRM

Introduction to IWRM

Part 1: Discovering IWRM

Goal and objectives of the session

To introduce the importance of water

To give an indication of the water crisis

To present the challenge in resolving the crisis

To define IWRM

To introduce the importance of a water management framework

Outline presentation

Overview of the importance of water

Water crisis: Facts

Challenges in addressing crisis

What is IWRM

Water management framework and core

elements

Benefits of the framework

Introduction

The Importance of Water

Water is essential to human survival (20-40 litres per person daily)

Effective primary health care

Fight poverty, hunger, child mortality, gender inequality and environmental damage.

Millennium Development Goals

Facts on Water Crisis

More than 2 billion people suffer from water

shortages in over 40 countries;

1.1 billion people do not have access to safe

drinking water;

4 out of 10 people in the world do not have

access to improved sanitation (very basic

facilities);

2 million tonnes per day of human waste is

discharged into water courses;

Every year 1.6 million children below 5 years old

die because of unsafe water and lack of basic

sanitation.

Reasons for Water Crisis

Water resources under pressure from population growth, economic activity, growing competition from many water users;

Withdrawals increased more than twice the rate of population growth;

Development and pollution are exacerbating water scarcity;

Uncoordinated development and management of water resources;

Climate change will impact on water resources.

Challenges

Improving access to water (all users) and sanitation

What is needed?

Government making this a priority;

Appropriate long-term financing;

Resolving competition among users and environmental challenges;

Advocacy on-behalf of poor;

Improved capacity of governments to deliver services to all users;

Government accountability in meeting the needs of all users.

What is IWRM?

A systematic process for sustainable

development, allocation and monitoring of

water resource use in the context of social,

economic and environmental goals and

objectives.

IWRM is a paradigm shift.

Departs from traditional approaches in three ways:

Cross-cutting and departs from traditional sectoral approach.

Spatial focus is the river basin;

Departure from narrow professional and political boundaries and perspectives and broadened to incorporate participatory decision-making of all stakeholders (Inclusion versus exclusion).

Interdependency

The basis of IWRM is that there are a variety of

uses of water resources which are interdependent.

The need to consider

the different uses of water

together

Examples of Competing but Interdependent Uses

The Water Balancing Act

Demand

• Increasing in all sectors

• Inefficient use

Supply • Quantity (Natural Scarcity,

Groundwater Depletion)

• Quality Degradation

• Cost of Options

IWRM

IWRM Dimensions

Integrated Water Resources Management

Water supply

& sanitation

Irrigation &

drainageEnergy Environ-

mental

services

Infrastructure for Infrastructure for management of management of

floods and floods and droughts, droughts,

multipurpose multipurpose storage, water storage, water

quality and source quality and source protectionprotection

Policy/ Policy/ Institutional Institutional frameworkframework

Management Management instrumentsinstruments

Political economy Political economy of water of water

managementmanagement

Other uses

including

industry and

navigation

Water Uses

Governance

Hea

lth

Wa

ter

Qu

ali

ty

Wa

ter

Su

pp

ly

Flo

od

s/D

rou

gh

ts

En

erg

y

Ag

ric

ult

ure

Ind

us

try

Po

llu

tio

n P

rev

Co

as

tal M

gt.

Ec

osys

tem

Mg

t.

Activity

Sectors

(water uses)

Social

Development

Economic

Development

Env .

Protection Objectives

Policy/Inst.

Framework

Management

Institutions

The IWRM Process

Feedback

Prosperity

IWRM Water and water related policies review and revision

IWRM Resource development, management, monitoring, and evaluation

IWRM Resource availability/use analysis and allocation

Water Management Framework

At the core of the water management framework is:

Treatment of water as an economic and social good;

Decentralised management and delivery structures;

Greater reliance on economic instruments;

Broader participation of stakeholders.

What will a Water Management Framework do?

1) Provide framework for analysing policies and options that will guide decisions in relation to:

Water scarcity;

Service efficiency;

Water allocation; and

Environmental protection.

2) Facilitate consideration of relationships between the ecosystem and socio-economic activities in river basins.

Think about it

Could you give examples from your own country

where interdependency of water uses exists?

End

The next presentation deals with the

principles of water management