1 emergency care a first aid awareness course. emergency care 2 what is emergency care? simple,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Emergency care
A first aid awareness course
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Emergency care
2
What is emergency care?
• Simple, effective management or
• care given to a casualty of injury
• or sudden illness until more
• advanced care can
• be provided.
© RLSSA
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Emergency care
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Aims of emergency care
• Preserve life
• Protect the unconscious casualty
• Prevent the condition worsening and relieve pain
• Promote recovery
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Emergency care
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Priorities: primary survey
• Danger• Response• Send for help• Airway• Breathing• Circulation• Defibrilation
Check:
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Emergency care
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Priorities: secondary survey
For a conscious casualty:
• obtain history
• check for vital signs
• note casualty symptoms
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Emergency care
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Factors in controlling bleeding
• Pressure
• Elevation
• Rest and reassurance© RLSSA
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Emergency care
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Shock
• Prevent further injury
• Control bleeding
• Reassure and rest casualty
• Maintain normal body temperature
• Elevate casualty’s legs if possible
• Do not give anything to eat or drink
• Call ambulance
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Emergency care
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BurnDo:
• cool burns under cold gently running water
• remove jewellery
• cover burn with sterile non-stick dressing
• treat for shock.
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Emergency care
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BurnsDon’t:
break blisters
apply lotions, ointments or creams
apply ice
remove clothing that sticks to the burned area.
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Emergency care
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Choking If the casualty able to breathe:
• allow to cough without interference
Effective?
• allow to recover
• arrange for medical care.
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Emergency care
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Choking If casualty is not able to breathe:• position head low• give four back blows• reassess breathing
Effective Ineffective
allow to recover place on sidearrange for medical care give four lateral chest thrusts
continue previous steps
monitor ‘ABC’
© RLSSA
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Emergency care
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Asthma attack 1
Step 1 Sit the casualty upright, remain calm and provide reassurance. Do not leave the casualty alone.
Step 2 Give four puffs of a blue reliever puffer (Airomir, Amsol, Bricanyl or Ventolin), one puff at a time, preferably through a spacer device. Ask the casualty to take four breaths from the spacer after each puff.
Step 3 Wait four minutes.
Step 4 If there is little or no improvement, repeat steps 2 and 3.
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Emergency care
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Asthma attack 2
• If there is still little or no improvement, call an ambulance immediately (dial 000).
• Continue to repeat steps 2 and 3 while waiting for the ambulance.
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Emergency care
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Diabetes
• If conscious:
- give sugar
• If unconscious:
- call for medical assistance
- monitor ABC
- do not give sugar by mouth
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Emergency care
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Seizures Call an ambulance if the casualty:• is an infant or child• remains unconscious• is injured• is pregnant• has diabetes• has repeated seizures• has no previous history of seizures• has seizure in water• has the seizure longer than a few minutes.
Remember:Clear the area (especially sharp objects)Do not restrain unless to avoid injuryIf on a hard surface, protect the casualty's head with clothingDo not place anything in the mouthPlace on the side as soon as possible after the seizure and maintain an open airway
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Emergency care
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A poison can enter the body via:
Poison
ingestionabsorption
inhalationinjection
Patient conscious Patient unconscious
Contact the Poisons Information Centre (PIC) 131126 for advice first.
D R A B C
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Emergency care
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Envenomation
Poison through bites and stings
• Snakes and funnel web spiders
– PIT (pressure immobilisation technique)
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Emergency care
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Envenomation
Poison through bites and stings
• Insect bites and red back spider:
– apply ice pack
– apply PIT immediately if an allergic reaction occurs or if casualty is known to be allergic
© RLSSA
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Emergency care
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Envenomation
poison through bites and stings
• marine stingers:
– hot water for scorpion or stone fish
– cold packs for jellyfish or bluebottles
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Emergency care
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• Rest
• Ice
• Compression
• Elevation
• Referral
Sprains, strains and bruising
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Emergency care
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Fractures
• Prevent further movement
• Support or immobilise injured part
• You will not need to use a splint if you are in a metropolitan area
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Emergency care
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Exposure to heat
• Rest and reassure
• Gradually cool body surface
• Give cool water
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Emergency care
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Exposure to cold
• Cover affected area with dressing
• Gradually warm body surface
• Give warm fluids