1. front vowels
DESCRIPTION
1. Front vowels. Made by raising the front part of the tongue towards the top of your mouth s ee (i)s i t e nd c a t. 2. Back vowels. Made by raising the back of the tongue towards the top of the mouth, usually with some lip rounding f oo l (u)f u ll - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1. Front vowels
• Made by raising the front part of the tongue towards the top of your mouth
see (i) sit end cat
2. Back vowels
• Made by raising the back of the tongue towards the top of the mouth, usually with some lip rounding
fool (u) full fall () follow part
3. Central vowels
• Made by raising the central part of the tongue
( ) earth about (only in unstressed syllable) sun
7. Consonants with their usual sound
• p• b• t• d• k• g (as in got)• f• v• w
• s• z• h• m• n• l• r
8. Special Consonant Symbols
ship vision cheap jeep
thin this sing yes
/i:/
• sti:m
/i:/
• sti:m• li:v
• steam
/i:/
• sti:m• li:v • ri:d
• steam• leave
/i:/
• sti:m• li:v • ri:d • scri:m
• steam• leave• read
/i:/
• sti:m• li:v • ri:d • scri:m
• steam• leave• read• scream
//
• wmn
//
• ` wmn • gv
• women
//
• wmn • gv • stl
• women• give
//
• wmn • gv • stl • trk
• women• give• still
//
• wmn • gv • stl • trk • lt
• women• give• still• trick
//
• wmn • gv • stl • trk • lt
• women• give• still• trick• lit
/e/
• red
/e/
• red • hed
• read (pres. tense)/red
/e/
• red • hed ed
• read (pres. tense)/red• head
/e/
• red • hed ed • bred
• read (pres. tense)/red• head• shed
/e/
• red • hed ed • bred • nek
• read (pres. tense)/red• head• shed• bread
/e/
• red • hed • bred • nek
• read (pres. tense)/red• head• shed• bread• neck
• kæt
• kæt• læmp
• cat
• kæt • læmp• bæk
• cat• lamp
• kæt • læmp• bæk • bænd
• cat• lamp• back
• kæt • læmp• bæk • bænd • sæd
• cat• lamp• back• band
• kæt • læmp• bæk • bænd • sæd
• cat• lamp• back• band• sad
/u:/
• tu:l
/u:/
• tu:l• spu:n
• tool
/u:/
• tu:l• spu:n• ru:d
• tool• spoon
/u:/
• tu:l• spu:n• ru:d • nju:
• tool• spoon• rude
/u:/
• tu:l• spu:n• ru:d • nju: • flu:
• tool• spoon• rude• new
/u:/
• tu:l• spu:n• ru:d • nju: • flu:
• tool• spoon• rude• new• flew
//
d
//
d std
• should
//
d std kd
• should• stood
//
d std kd ft
• should• stood• could
//
d std kd ft tk
• should• stood• could• foot
//
d std kd ft tk
• should• stood• could• foot• took
/:/
:(r)
/:/
:(r) l:
• shore
/:/
:(r) l: f:t
• shore• law
/:/
:(r) l: f:t t:t
• shore• law• fought
/:/
:(r) l: f:t t:t
• shore• law• fought• taught
/:/
:(r) l: f:t t:t b:t
• shore• law• fought• taught
/:/
:(r) l: f:t t:t b:t
• shore• law• fought• taught• bought
//
• gt
//
• gt • rt
• got
//
• gt • rt • str
• got• rot
//
• gt • rt • str• blk
• got• rot• strong
//
• gt • rt • str• blk d
• got• rot• strong• block
//
• gt • rt • str• blk d
• got• rot• strong• block• odd
/:/
• st:(r)
/:/
• st:(r) • p:st
• star
/:/
• st:(r) • p:st:sk
• star• past
/:/
• st:(r) • p:st:sk
st:f
• star• past• ask
/:/
• st:(r) • p:st:sk
st:f p:k
• star• past• ask• staff
/:/
• st:(r) • p:st:sk
st:f p:k
• star• past• ask• staff• park
/:/
• θ:d
/:/
• θ:d :n
• third
/:/
• θ:d :n • l:n
• third• earn
/:/
• θ:d :n • l:n • h:d
• third• earn• learn
/:/
• θ:d :n • l:n • h:d :t
• third• earn• learn• heard
/:/
• θ:d :n • l:n • h:d :t
• third• earn• learn• heard• shirt
//
t
//
t n
• shut
//
t fnst
• shut• fun
//
t fnst
v
• shut• fun• stung
//
t fnst
v`lndn
• shut• fun• stung• shove
//
t fnst
vlndn
• shut• fun• stung• shove• London
//
bet (r )
//
bet (r ) tæk
• better
//
bet (r ) tæk tempt
• better• attack
//
bet (r ) tæk tempt r:(r)
• better• attack• attempt
//
bet (r ) tæk tempt r:(r) sm(r)
• better• attack• attempt• rather
//
bet (r ) tæk tempt r:(r) sm(r)
• better• attack• attempt• rather• summer
/z/
• ni:z
/z/
• ni:z• hz
• knees
/z/
• ni:z• hz zi:br
• knees• has
/z/
• ni:z• hz zi:br• bri:z
• knees• has• zebra
/z/
• ni:z• hz zi:br• bri:z • v:z
• knees• has• zebra• breeze
/z/
• ni:z• hz • zi:br• bri:z • v:z
• knees• has• zebra• breeze• vase
/s/
• ms
/s/
• ms s:kl
• miss
/s/
• ms • s:kl• s:
• miss• circle
/s/
• ms • s:kl• s: • sti:l
• miss• circle• saw
/s/
• ms • s:kl• s: • sti:l • ls
• miss• circle• saw /sore• steal/steel
/s/
• ms • s:kl• s: • sti:l • ls
• miss• circle• saw /sore• steal/steel• loss
/θ/
• θ:t
/θ/
• θ:t • b:θ
• thought
/θ/
• θ:t • b:θ• θk
• thought• bath
/θ/
• θ:t • b:θ• θk • θ:st
• thought• bath• thick
/θ/
• θ:t • b:θ• θk • θ:st • θ
• thought• bath• thick• thirst
/θ/
• θ:t • b:θ• θk • θ:st • θ
• thought• bath• thick• thirst• thing
//
en
//
en w
• then
//
en w em
• then• with
//
en w em s
• then• with• them
//
en w em s æt
• then• with• then• thus
//
en w em s æt
• then• with• then• thus• that
/j/
• jes
/j/
• jes• ju:
• yes
/j/
• jes• ju: • ju:θ
• yes• you
/j/
• jes• ju: • ju:θ • jt
• yes• you• youth
/j/
• jes• ju: • ju:θ • jt • j:d
• yes• you• youth• yacht
/j/
• jes• ju: • ju:θ • jt • j:d
• yes• you• youth• yacht• yard
//
• θ
//
• θ f
• thing
//
• θ f• br
• thing• finger
//
• θ f• br• r
• thing• finger• bring
//
• θ f• br• r• ræ
• thing• finger• bring• wrong
//
• θ f• br• r• ræ
• thing• finger• bring• wrong• rang
//
:t
//
:t g(r)
• shirt
//
:t g(r) r
• shirt• sugar
//
:t g(r) r f
• shirt• sugar• rush
//
:t g(r) r f k
• shirt• sugar• rush• fish
//
:t g(r) r f k
• shirt• sugar• rush• fish• shock
//
• rvn
//
• rvn me(r)
• revision
//
• rvn me(r) tre(r)
• revision• measure
//
• rvn me(r) tre(r) ple(r)
• revision• measure• treasure
//
• rvn me(r) tre(r) ple(r)
• revision• measure• treasure• pleasure
/t/
• ti:z
/t/
• ti:z• wt
• cheese
/t/
• ti:z• wt • stt
• cheese• watch
/t/
• ti:z• wt • stt• tu:z
• cheese• watch• stitch
/t/
• ti:z• wt • stt• tu:z• t:k
• cheese• watch• stitch• choose
/t/
• ti:z• wt • stt• tu:z• t:k
• cheese• watch• stitch• choose• chalk
/d/
• dæm
/d/
• dæm• d:d
• jam
/d/
• dæm• d:d • dd
• Jam• George
/d/
• dæm• d:d • dd• rd
• jam• George• judge
/d/
• dæm• d:d • dd• rd d
• jam• George• judge• ridge
/d/
• dæm• d:d • dd• rd d
• jam• George• judge• ridge• jelly
DIPHTHONGS
A diphthong is a sound produced when the mouth moves from the position for one vowel into the
position for another vowel
/e
The tongue moves from the position for /e/ to the position for /
/a
The tongue moves from the position for /æ/ to the position for /
/
The tongue moves from the position for /:/ to the position for /
Which sounds do these words contain?
oyster plain sign reign avoid strange coin coy try stay joy why
boil annoy main sky neighbour mine
/e/plain reign
strange stay main
neighbour
/a/signtry
whyskynine
//avoidoystercoincoyjoyboil
annoy
I’d die for a nice slice of pie
The rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain
A noisy noise annoys an oyster