1 ionizing radiation. 2 non-ionizing radiation does not have enough energy to remove electrons from...
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IONIZING RADIATION
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Non-Ionizing RadiationDoes not have enough energy to
remove electrons from surrounding atoms
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There Are Lots Of Types Of Radiation
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Atomic Structure All matter is made up of atoms
Protons Neutrons Electrons
Not all atoms are stable Unstable atoms are known as radioactive
atoms
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Our Bodies Are ResilientOur Bodies Are Resilient
_ DNA damage is most important and can lead to cell malfunction or death.
_ Our body has ~ 60 trillion cells
» Each cell takes “a hit” about every 10 seconds, resulting in tens of millions of DNA breaks per cell each year.
» BACKGROUND RADIATION causes only a very small fraction of these breaks (~ 5 DNA breaks per cell each year).
_ Our bodies have a highly efficient DNA repair mechanisms
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Unstable Atoms Emit Radiation
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Alpha Particle
An alpha particle contains two protons and two neutrons. An alpha particle is essentially the nucleus of a helium nucleus (but with a great deal more energy). It has a charge of positive two. It is represented by the following chemical symbol.
He4
2
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Alpha Radiation is only a hazard when inside your body (internal hazard)
Your skin will stop itcan’t penetrate skininternal hazard
stopped by paper
found in soil, radon and other radioactive materials
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Beta Particle
The beta particle is a high energy electron. It has a charge of negative one. It has the following symbol.
-
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Beta Radiation is a Skin, Eye and Internal Hazard
skin, eye and internal hazard
stopped by plastic
found in natural food, air and water
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Gamma Radiation
Gamma rays (and Xrays and Cosmic rays ) are electromagnetic radiation. They are pure energy with no no charge or mass. The gamma ray has the following symbol.
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stopped by lead
naturally present in soil and cosmic radiation
found in medical uses
X and gamma radiation are penetrating radiation and an EXTERNAL HAZARD.
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Background and Manufactured Radiation In the U.S. Contributes
360 mrem per Year
cosmic - 28
diet - 40
terrestrial - 28
radon - 200
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Uses of Radiation
Food sterilizationNuclear Power
Consumer products
Industrial and Industrial and Medical UsesMedical Uses
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mrem
Manufactured sources of radiation contribute an average of 60 mrem/year
cigarette smoking - 1300 mrem
round trip US by air
5 mrem per trip
building materials - 3.6
fallout < 1
smoke detectors - 0.0001
medical - 53
mrem
mrem
mrem
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Radiation Versus Radioactive Contamination
Radiation is particles or waves of energy emitted from unstable atoms.
Radioactive Contamination is radioactive material usually in any location you do not want it.
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Biological Effects of Radiation
Early scientists determined that radiation was a useful tool but it could hurt you.
Radiation can cause burns and cellular damage.
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Biological Effects of Radiation
The principle hazard from radiation exposure is an increase in the risk of cancer induction.
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SIGNS ARE REQUIRED TO NOTIFY EVERYONE OF THE PRESENCE OF RADIATION
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MONITORING RADIATION EXPOSURE
Radiation dosimeters measures radiation dose to people.
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Minimize Dose By Good Practices
TIME - reduce time of exposure DISTANCE - increase distance SHIELDING - use shielding
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OFF
BATT
x10K
x1Kx100
x10
RESET
AUDIO
ON
0
2040 60
80
100
BAT.COUNTS/MI
NGENERAL ELECTRIC
GE
ALPHA SURVEY METER LEA75-1854 SER.NO.
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Alpha Survey Meter
Radiation is detected with survey meters
Beta, Gamma & X-ray Survey Meter