1

PERIODIC TABLE FAMILIES

The The Periodic Table (PT) is a way of is a way of

organizing information about elements & organizing information about elements &

atomic structureatomic structure

Groups and families in the PT help us in the PT help us

predict properties of elements and how predict properties of elements and how

they will behavethey will behave

22

GROUPS Elements that react similarly Elements that react similarly

are in the same column are in the same column called a called a groupgroup

All elements in a group have All elements in a group have

the same number of the same number of valence valence electronselectrons

Groups are named by Groups are named by numbers numbers

Groups that react similarly Groups that react similarly are called are called families

33

FAMILIES Groups that react similarly are Groups that react similarly are

called called families

Families may be one column, or be one column, or several columns put togetherseveral columns put together

Families have names instead of Families have names instead of numbersnumbers

44

FAMILIES Alkali Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

Transitions Metals (includes Lanthanide & Actinide series)

Other Metals

Metalloids

Nonmetals

Halogens

Noble GasesEIGHT FAMILIES!

ALKALI METALS

Group 1 (except H)

1 valence electron

Very reactive metals,

Always combined with another

element in nature (like salt)

Lowest ionization energy

2nd lowest electronegativity

ALKALINE EARTH METALS

Group 2

2 valence electronsReactive metals Always combined with nonmetals in nature.

Several are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca)

2nd lowest ionization energy

3rd lowest electronegativity

TRANSITION METALS

Groups 3 - 12

2-7 valence electronsless reactive, harder, malleable good conductors of electricity

Average ionization energy

Average electronegativity

TRANSITION METALS:LANTHANIDES & ACTINIDES

1-2 Valence electrons

Lanthanide all can be found in nature; only 1 radioactive

Actinide all radioactive & only 90-92 occur naturally (others all “man-made”)

OTHER METALS

3, 4, or 5 Valence electrons

Softer; lower boiling point than

transition metals;

4th highest ionization energy

3rd highest electronegativity

10

METALLOIDS (SEIMICONDUCTORS)

3,4,5,or 6 Valence electrons

Acts like metal around non-metals; acts like non-metal around metals

Has some, but not all the CHEMICAL properties of a metal

Used for computerchips & solar panels

11

NONMETALS

1, 4, 5, or 6 valence electrons

Brittle; Poor conductors of electricity

Common element in human bodyNecessary for life!!

3rd highest ionization energy

2nd highest electronegativity

HALOGENS

Group 17

7 valence electrons Very reactive, volatile, diatomic, nonmetalsAlways found combined with another element in nature

Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth

2nd highest ionization energy

Highest electronegativity

NOBLE/INERT GASES

Group 18

8 valence electrons full valence energy levels make themVERY unreactive (inert), monatomic gases

Used in lighted “neon” signs and in blimps

Highest ionization energy

Lowest electronegativity