11

PHARE DemonstrationsOverview of Results

PHARE DemonstrationsOverview of Results

Marc BisiauxMarc Bisiaux

PD/3 Project LeaderPD/3 Project Leader

Eurocontrol Experimental CentreEurocontrol Experimental Centre

22

AGENDAAGENDA

Overview of PHARE DemonstrationsOverview of PHARE Demonstrations Major results Major results

WorkloadWorkload CapacityCapacity Quality of ServiceQuality of Service

Conclusions and recommendationsConclusions and recommendations

33

What is a PHARE Demonstration?What is a PHARE Demonstration?

44

PD/1+Tools and GHMIimprovement

PD/1++Direct routinglarger sectors

98979695 99

PD/1PD/1En-Route

PHARE Demonstration: ProgrammePHARE Demonstration: Programme

55

PD/1+Tools and GHMIimprovement

PD/2+Tools

improvement

PD/1++Direct routinglarger sectors

98979695 99

PD/2PD/2Arrival

PD/1PD/1En-Route

PHARE Demonstration: ProgrammePHARE Demonstration: Programme

66

PD/1+Tools and GHMIimprovement

PD/2+Tools

improvement

PD/1++Direct routinglarger sectors

98979695 99

IOCPEn Route & MSP

IOCPDeparture &

En-Route

PD/2PD/2Arrival

PD/1PD/1En-Route

IOCPArrival

EATMS -OP T I ONS

EATMS -OP T I ONS

PD/3PD/3

PHARE Demonstration: ProgrammePHARE Demonstration: Programme

CTCT

77

PHARE Demonstration:Design

Operational ControllersOperational Controllers PD/1; PD/2: PD/3 >100 controllersPD/1; PD/2: PD/3 >100 controllers

13 European nationalities13 European nationalities

USA, CanadaUSA, Canada

Multiple RunsMultiple Runs Matched PairsMatched Pairs

Multiple OrganisationsMultiple Organisations BaselineBaseline Increased traffic throughput - 1996, +25%, +50%, +75%, +100%Increased traffic throughput - 1996, +25%, +50%, +75%, +100% Increased fleet datalink/4D FMS fit - 0%, 30%, 70%, 100%Increased fleet datalink/4D FMS fit - 0%, 30%, 70%, 100%

88

Controller TrainingController Training

Training essential (lessons from PD/1)Training essential (lessons from PD/1)

Training : a common designTraining : a common design

Distance Learning (CBT or Paper)Distance Learning (CBT or Paper) Computer Based Training (PC)Computer Based Training (PC) Standalone System (Scenarios)Standalone System (Scenarios) Linked System (Scenarios)Linked System (Scenarios)

Implementation : common and dedicated site Implementation : common and dedicated site materialsmaterials

Training generally well received by controllersTraining generally well received by controllers

99

AIM:AIM: To investigate the application of computer To investigate the application of computer assistance tools to assist conflict-free planning assistance tools to assist conflict-free planning in a 2005 en-route scenario with a varying in a 2005 en-route scenario with a varying number of aircraft equipped with 4D Flight number of aircraft equipped with 4D Flight Management Systems and datalinkManagement Systems and datalink

Bucking-hamshire

W.Yorkshire

Humberside

Lancashire

North Yorkshire

Cleveland

Durham

Tyne & Wear

Northumberland

Notting-hamshireLincolnshire

Norfolk

Derbyshire

W.Midlands

Shropshire Staffordshire

Cheshire

Greater Manchester

S.Yorkshire

Essex

Hertfordshire

Oxford-shire

Gloucestershire

Hereford & Worcester

Warwickshire

Leicestershire

Bedfordshire

Cambridgeshire

Northhamp-tonshire

Suffolk

OTR

PAM

SPY

UNIDO

MONIL

TOPPA

MULIT

ELDIN

LONAM

SKATE

BLUFA

GABAD

DOGGA

BEENO

KOMIK

SPRAT

ABSIL

SOTOL

FAMBO

KIPPA

ANGEL

KOLEY

SILVA

GOLESUPTON

DENBY

POL

SAMON

SCOTTISH

COPENHAGEN

AMSTERDAM

MAASTRICHT

LONDON

SECTOR10

SECTOR11/33

MANCHESTER

LONDON

UB1

UB1

UB1

UB105

UA37

UA37

UB4

UL7

UL7

UA5

UL74

UB5

BARTN

PD1 / PD1+

1010

Computer Assistance ToolsComputer Assistance Tools Trajectory PredictorTrajectory Predictor Conflict ProbeConflict Probe HIPSHIPS Flight Path MonitorFlight Path Monitor

PD1 / PD1+PD1 / PD1+

1111

PD/1+ Workload

PC TC

Baseline

PD/1+70%

PD/1+100%

Significant reduction Significant reduction in Workload for in Workload for Tactical ControllerTactical Controller

Reduction in controller Reduction in controller frustrationfrustration

Concern at Tactical Concern at Tactical Controller “losing the Controller “losing the picture” for 100% picture” for 100% datalink scenariodatalink scenario

Baseline, 70%, 100% Datalink

Low

Relaxed

Comfortable

High

1212

PD1/PD1+ SummaryPD1/PD1+ Summary

WorkloadWorkload Reduced for Tactical ControllerReduced for Tactical Controller Unchanged for Planner ControllerUnchanged for Planner Controller

CapacityCapacity No significant changeNo significant change Decrease in workload indicates increase in en-route Decrease in workload indicates increase in en-route

capacitycapacity Quality of ServiceQuality of Service

Improvements indicated but not provenImprovements indicated but not proven

1313

PD/2 Frankfurt TMA

Planner

Pick-up

Feeder

AIM:AIM: To investigate the application of computer To investigate the application of computer assistance tools to assist conflict-free assistance tools to assist conflict-free planning in a 2005 TMA scenario with a planning in a 2005 TMA scenario with a varying number of aircraft equipped with 4D varying number of aircraft equipped with 4D Flight Management Systems and datalinkFlight Management Systems and datalink

1414

Computer Assistance ToolsComputer Assistance Tools Trajectory PredictorTrajectory Predictor Conflict ProbeConflict Probe Arrival ManagerArrival Manager Flight Path MonitorFlight Path Monitor Negotiation ManagerNegotiation Manager

4D Trajectory Negotiation4D Trajectory Negotiation datalinkdatalink

PD/2 Frankfurt TMA

1515

PD/2 Results

Implementation of Implementation of Computer Assistance Computer Assistance Tools in TMATools in TMA

1616

PD/2 Quality of ServicePD/2 Quality of Service

Implementation of Implementation of Computer Assistance Computer Assistance Tools in TMATools in TMA

Reduction in TMA flight Reduction in TMA flight time; increase in time; increase in landingslandings

1717

PD/2 Quality of ServicePD/2 Quality of Service

Implementation of Implementation of Computer Assistance Computer Assistance Tools in TMATools in TMA

Reduction in TMA flight Reduction in TMA flight time; increase in time; increase in landingslandings

Without PHARE tools

1818

PD/2 Quality of ServicePD/2 Quality of Service

Implementation of Implementation of Computer Assistance Computer Assistance Tools in TMATools in TMA

Reduction in TMA flight Reduction in TMA flight time; increase in time; increase in landingslandings

Without PHARE tools

With PHARE tools

1919

PD/2 WorkloadPD/2 Workload

Implementation of Implementation of Computer Assistance Computer Assistance Tools in TMATools in TMA

Reduction in TMA flight Reduction in TMA flight time; increase in time; increase in landingslandings

Workload decrease with Workload decrease with tools and datalinktools and datalink

Without PHARE tools

With PHARE tools

2020

PD2 SummaryPD2 Summary

WorkloadWorkload Reduction in TMA with new toolsReduction in TMA with new tools Knock-on effect in En-RouteKnock-on effect in En-Route

CapacityCapacity Increased landing rateIncreased landing rate

Quality of ServiceQuality of Service Reduced flight time in TMAReduced flight time in TMA

2121

PD3 - CENA, NLR, EECPD3 - CENA, NLR, EEC

CENA

EEC

NLR

2222

Indicative Results - NLR:Arrival ManagementIndicative Results - NLR:Arrival Management

Less need for stacksLess need for stacks Early sequencing helps to smooth inbound Early sequencing helps to smooth inbound

traffic flowstraffic flows System works with non D/L aircraft System works with non D/L aircraft

(Advisories)(Advisories) Possible need to redesign (E)TMA airspacePossible need to redesign (E)TMA airspace Positive controller acceptancePositive controller acceptance

2323

Indicative Results - EECIndicative Results - EEC

Trajectory Editor & Problem Solver:Trajectory Editor & Problem Solver: potentially powerfulpotentially powerful

MSP Complexity zones:MSP Complexity zones: real-time flow controlreal-time flow control Sector Load Window likedSector Load Window liked

Look Ahead Display:Look Ahead Display: required conflict informationrequired conflict information

2424

PD3 CENA: WorkloadPD3 CENA: Workload

Workload increased with the introduction of Workload increased with the introduction of tools and datalink aircrafttools and datalink aircraft transfer of workload from TC to PCtransfer of workload from TC to PC

Increase noted on all positions:Increase noted on all positions: departure, ETMA, en-routedeparture, ETMA, en-route

Frustration and Time pressure increased:Frustration and Time pressure increased: due to system problems?due to system problems? due to PHARE design?due to PHARE design? more research requiredmore research required

2525

EN ROUTE

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

B A0 A30 A70

Organisation

Infr

igem

ent

even

ts N

b

0

1

2

3

4

5

6 Medium Heavy

PD/3 CENA: Capacity / Safety ( En Route exemple)PD/3 CENA: Capacity / Safety ( En Route exemple)

2626

PD3 CENA SummaryPD3 CENA Summary

WorkloadWorkload Increase - but reasons not determinedIncrease - but reasons not determined

CapacityCapacity No benefit shownNo benefit shown

Quality of ServiceQuality of Service Reduced flight time in TMA / ETMA Reduced flight time in TMA / ETMA

2727

Controller Roles PC / TC Co-operation Aspects in PD/3 The « Operational Gap »

Controller Roles PC / TC Co-operation Aspects in PD/3 The « Operational Gap »

In Baseline : PC and TC shared the same space-time In Baseline : PC and TC shared the same space-time environment and had same traffic awareness environment and had same traffic awareness

In advanced : In advanced : PC too busy : trajectory edition - time required for planningPC too busy : trajectory edition - time required for planning TC/PC frustration regarding the lack of co-operation and mutual TC/PC frustration regarding the lack of co-operation and mutual

information - impression to work on two different traffic situationsinformation - impression to work on two different traffic situations

TC’s Feeling of insecurity - lack of efficient support from TC’s Feeling of insecurity - lack of efficient support from the PC. the PC.

Reduced Verbal communications between PC/TCReduced Verbal communications between PC/TC‘OPERATIONAL GAP’ ‘OPERATIONAL GAP’

2828

ConceptDeparture Management

Evaluation covered by 4 ATCOS for a significant time Evaluation covered by 4 ATCOS for a significant time period - limited environmentperiod - limited environment

Ground Sequencing Algorithms promissingGround Sequencing Algorithms promissing Adequate information displayed by DM (predeparture Adequate information displayed by DM (predeparture

patterns) patterns) Interest in the approach of Coupling sequencing and Interest in the approach of Coupling sequencing and

Trajectory function Trajectory function DM HMI : synthetic, useful aspects (animations) DM HMI : synthetic, useful aspects (animations) DMD : Essential tool for participant to sequencingDMD : Essential tool for participant to sequencing

2929

Co-operative tools and layered task sharing

ENROUTE Consistent problem detection provided by ENROUTE Consistent problem detection provided by APD - adequacy for planning activityAPD - adequacy for planning activity

advisory labels : an efficient link with the TEPS advisory labels : an efficient link with the TEPS areasareas

APD under-utilised by TC due to the work required to APD under-utilised by TC due to the work required to remain aware of PC actions remain aware of PC actions

Is the cooperative tools approach applicable to an Is the cooperative tools approach applicable to an advanced planning context ? has to be improved advanced planning context ? has to be improved Need to maintain « Situation Awareness » Need to maintain « Situation Awareness »

ETMA : need to adapt conflict/problem detectionETMA : need to adapt conflict/problem detection

3030

PD1++:OrganisationsPD1++:Organisations

Great CircleRoutes

ORG0

StructuredRoutes

S10S11

ORG2

S10 S11

Great CircleRoutes

ORG1

Hornsea StructuredRoutes

Hornsea

ORG3

RVSM70% a/c 4D FMS & D/L

PHARE tools

Increased Sector Size

Direct Routes

3131

PD1++ WorkloadPD1++ Workload

Lowest workload in baselineLowest workload in baseline two controller teams - four controllerstwo controller teams - four controllers

Increased workload in bandboxed sectorIncreased workload in bandboxed sector only two controllersonly two controllers well within controllers’ acceptable limitswell within controllers’ acceptable limits

Workload lower in structured than direct Workload lower in structured than direct route systemsroute systems

3232

PD1++ CapacityPD1++ Capacity

Capacity of single controller in Combined Capacity of single controller in Combined Sector greater than either controller in Sector greater than either controller in Single SectorsSingle Sectors

Capacity of Direct Route sectors greater Capacity of Direct Route sectors greater than capacity of Structured Route sectorsthan capacity of Structured Route sectors

3333

PD1++ Quality of ServicePD1++ Quality of Service

No statistical significant difference between No statistical significant difference between QoS measurements for ORGSQoS measurements for ORGS ““It was easier to give direct routes and better profiles in the It was easier to give direct routes and better profiles in the

large sector”;large sector”; ““Easier and more continuous climbs and descents”;Easier and more continuous climbs and descents”; ““Aircraft receive less intervention, so 4D better. 3D, no Aircraft receive less intervention, so 4D better. 3D, no

benefit”;benefit”; ““Great circle tracks…less flying time…therefore less fuel Great circle tracks…less flying time…therefore less fuel

used”;used”; ““With direct routing there are many advantages to the With direct routing there are many advantages to the

airline - time and distance particularly”airline - time and distance particularly”

3434

PD1++ Summary

WorkloadWorkload Single controller can handle higher traffic in larger sector Single controller can handle higher traffic in larger sector

within acceptable workload limitswithin acceptable workload limits CapacityCapacity

The results cannot robustly identify contribution to capacity The results cannot robustly identify contribution to capacity increase of separate elements within PD1++:increase of separate elements within PD1++:

introduction of RVSM? PHARE tools? larger sectors?introduction of RVSM? PHARE tools? larger sectors? % of 4D FMS & d/l equipped aircraft?% of 4D FMS & d/l equipped aircraft?

Quality of Service (PD1++; PD3CT)Quality of Service (PD1++; PD3CT) Improved by User Preferred TrajectoriesImproved by User Preferred Trajectories

3535

PD1++ Summary

Increased ThroughputIncreased Throughput

Fewer ControllersFewer Controllers

Acceptable Controller WorkloadAcceptable Controller Workload

3636

PHARE Overall SummaryPHARE Overall Summary

Concept aimed to:Concept aimed to: Reduce Controller WorkloadReduce Controller Workload Increase ATM CapacityIncrease ATM Capacity

……based on:based on: Advanced PlanningAdvanced Planning Air/Ground Trajectory NegotiationAir/Ground Trajectory Negotiation

……through Computer Assistance Tools through Computer Assistance Tools and Human Centred Approachand Human Centred Approach

3737

PHARE WorkloadPHARE Workload

Overall reduction in controller workload shown as:Overall reduction in controller workload shown as: concept maturesconcept matures tools, HMI developedtools, HMI developed system reliability increasessystem reliability increases

En-route candidate for early application and En-route candidate for early application and workload reductionworkload reduction

More work needed on application of tools and More work needed on application of tools and concept in TMAconcept in TMA

3838

PHARE CapacityPHARE Capacity

PHARE Demonstrations used traffic up to PHARE Demonstrations used traffic up to 2010 levels2010 levels

Additional increase in en-route capacity Additional increase in en-route capacity within within currentcurrent airspace design airspace design indicatedindicated by by workload decreaseworkload decrease

Increase in landing rate shown within TMA Increase in landing rate shown within TMA Increase in Increase in controller capacitycontroller capacity shown when shown when

airspace is re-designed to fit toolsairspace is re-designed to fit tools

3939

PHAREQuality of ServicePHAREQuality of Service

Use of PHARE operational concept should Use of PHARE operational concept should allow aircraft to fly optimum trajectories, allow aircraft to fly optimum trajectories, resulting in:resulting in: reduced costreduced cost reduced delaysreduced delays better airline operating practicesbetter airline operating practices reduced environmental impactreduced environmental impact

Results have shown Quality of Service can be Results have shown Quality of Service can be improvedimproved

4040

PHARE Advanced planning

Significant potential for advanced planningSignificant potential for advanced planning Trajectory optimisationTrajectory optimisation Conflict resoltuionConflict resoltuion

Needs clear definition of operational conceptNeeds clear definition of operational concept Sharing of controller tasks, planning authoritySharing of controller tasks, planning authority Early display of incoming trafficEarly display of incoming traffic

Requires re-designed airspace for optimum Requires re-designed airspace for optimum resultsresults Larger sectors; direct routesLarger sectors; direct routes

4141

PHARE Air-Ground Integration

Reduction of R/T occupancyReduction of R/T occupancy Allows Allows ““optimumoptimum” trajectory:” trajectory:

Higher reliability of predicted trajectoriesHigher reliability of predicted trajectories Controller/pilot dialogue user preferred trajectoriesController/pilot dialogue user preferred trajectories

Trajectory Negotiation not designed for tactical Trajectory Negotiation not designed for tactical interventionintervention

Datalink performance crucial for achieving the Datalink performance crucial for achieving the full benefits of the conceptfull benefits of the concept

4242

PHARE ToolsPHARE Tools

4343

Conclusions

PHARE has developed and shown an PHARE has developed and shown an operational concept which is already operational concept which is already producing operational benefitproducing operational benefit Oceanic HIPSOceanic HIPS

Further development is justified by the Further development is justified by the results to dateresults to date

PHARE - a Path to Future ATMPHARE - a Path to Future ATM

4444

PHARE DemonstrationsOverview of Results

PHARE DemonstrationsOverview of Results

Marc BisiauxMarc Bisiaux

PD/3 Project LeaderPD/3 Project Leader

Eurocontrol Experimental CentreEurocontrol Experimental Centrenextnext