1. the map above shows the bantu migrations that changed...

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1. The map above shows the Bantu migrations that changed Africa in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

(A) New crops like yams changed agricultural production

(B) The faith of Zoroastrianism was spread throughout Africa.

(C) Small scale iron-working technology emerged.

(D) Languages evolved from the Bantu tongue.

Key Concept: 1.2.II.C and 1.3.II.B Theme: Development & Interaction of Cultures Skill: interpretation/contextualization


2. The seal at right has been discovered in both Indus River Valley and Mesopotamian civilizations between 2600-1900 B.C.E. Since identical seals have been discovered in multiple sites during the same time period it can be inferred that:

(A) These civilizations had monotheistic belief systems. (B) These civilizations participated in trans-regional trade with one and another. (C) It was unlikely that these two civilizations ever interacted with each other. (D) The Indus River Valley and Mesopotamia had similar flora and fauna.

KC: 1.3.3.F; T:4; S:1

3. Women were important contributors to the agricultural revolution because they were likely the gender who: (A) gathered edible plants and knew where grains grew. (B) made tools and containers allowing storage of surplus crops. (C) performed essential agricultural tasks such as plowing and irrigation. (D) found that farming required less work and less time.

4. In the sites of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro, archeologists have found a high degree of standardization of weights, measures, architectural styles, and even brick sizes. Such standardization suggests that: (A) there was a high degree of commercialization in the economy. (B) the Harappan state was very oppressive, forcing different racial groups to adopt the same standards. (C) there might have been a central authority powerful enough to reach all corners of Harrapan society. (D) interactions with the city-states of Mesopotamia led to the use of applied science in creating the Indus River Valley

sites.

5. An anthropologist researching early Aryan hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring Aryan gods would most likely use

which of the following sources?

(A) Data regarding horse-breeding locations, as worship of horses seems to have been at the center of early Aryan

civilization

(B) Records of trading accounts showing interactions between the Harrappan people of the Ganges Valley and the

Aryan migrants.

(C) Migratory routes followed by the Aryans as they moved south and began settling in India c. 1500 B.C.E.

(D) The Rig Veda, an oral collection of pastoral tradition that was compiled by Aryan priests between 1400 and 900

B.C.E.

6. Which conclusion is NOT supported by the map shown at right?

(A) Chavin de Huantar was a planned city

(B) Chavin de Huantar was a ceremonial center

(C) Chavin de Huantar was a matriarchal society

(D) Chavin de Huantar had a source of freshwater

Map of Chavin de

Huantar (ancient-

wisdom.co.uk)


7. The pictures above best exemplify which of the following historical processes?

(A) Public works were designed to instill common purpose and impress upon common people the power of the state, and

they required a huge investment of resources and thousands of laborers.

(B) Religious structures and edifices were used to control and oppress subject peoples, and they were sometimes

subjected to forced labor to build and maintain these cult symbols.

(C) Competition between different civilizations produced a sense of cultural commonality within diverse populations.

(D) Commerce was stimulated by construction projects that governments designed to impress their trading partners.

8. The map above supports the theory that Homo sapiens:

(A) Evolved independently in each region of the world in different time periods.

(B) Could have been involved in agricultural production 12, 000 years ago.

(C) Emerged in Africa and migrated world-wide approximately 100,00 years ago.

(D) Developed maritime technology that allowed them to survive ocean crossings 11,000 years ago.

Ziggurat at Ashur, c. 3000 BCE Great Bath at Mohenjo Daro, c. 3000-2000 BCE

Approximate Dates of Prehistoric Migrations

Great Pyramid at Giza, circa 2460 BCE


9. Which of the following represents a valid conclusion that an archaeologist could make based on the visual clues presented in the cave painting above? (A) The culture of the people had to have included a written language. (B) An agricultural pastoral society is shown among these people. (C) Available species supported these people’s foraging lifestyle. (D) There was a clear political hierarchy in this chiefdom. Key Concept: 1.1 IA Theme 1: Interactions Skill: Chronology

10. The trend line shown on the graph above is best explained by:

(A) a sharp increase in the number of conflicts over prime hunting lands. (B) the widespread development & diffusion of agricultural practices. (C) regional climate changes that resulted in lower average temperatures. (D) constant migration of prehistoric humans in search of animals to hunt.

Key Concept: 1.2 IIA Theme 1: Interactions Skill: Chronology

11. Some historians have tried to explain the origins of “patriarchy.” The evidence found in this painting of ancient Egypt would support which of the following arguments?

(A) Women are identified with natural forces, but civilizations value culture more highly. (B) Hunting and foraging led to the dominance of men who could control food supplies. (C) The physical labor required by plowing gradually privileged male power. (D) Private property and commerce were conducted by the men of the 1st civilizations.


“Building a Zhou Era palace,” circa 771 BCE, Courtesy of East Asian History of Science Library,

Needham Research Institute.

12. The picture at left shows evidence of: (A) Mobilization of surplus resources to build a structure for

elites (B) The growth of civilization in the Indus river valley (C) The development of a pictographic system of writing (D) Slavery in the Huang He river valley

(KC 1.3.II.A, KC 1.3.III.A; Development and Interaction of Cultures, S: Interpretation)

13. There are few records and artifacts of the Harrapan and Mohenjo Daro societies primarily due to the: (A) Fact that the Aryan invasion wiped out all native people. (B) Erosion of these cities caused by intense monsoon flooding. (C) Lack of a decipherable record keeping system. (D) Nomadic nature of these pastoral tribes of people.

14. Hammurabi’s Code:

(A) Represented an increase in centralized power of a state because of the fact that it established a uniform system of writing.

(B) Represented a huge step for Olmec society and its development of a uniform system of weights and measures. (C) Reflected a system of punishment that included biases against members of the lower classes. (D) Represented a legal system which treated all people equally, though harshly.

15. The Mesopotamian law code is well known and famous. Why didn’t Egypt have a similar code of law?

(A) It was left to the people to determine the code of morality (B) The wealthy merchant class controlled the legal system (C) The common law system based on precedent was used (D) The pharaoh, as a god on earth, was the source of all law

KC: 1.3.III.D, T: State Building, Expansion and Conflict; S: Comparison


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A. Middle Eastern civilization that started around 3500 B.C.E.

with several competing Sumerian city-states in the southern part

of the Tigris/Euphrates river valley.

B. Emerging approximately 3500 B.C.E., this Middle Eastern

civilization took as a single unified territorial state where city-

states were less prominent than other civilizations.

C. East Asian civilization that started around 2200 B.C.E. Their

dynastic rulers were said to have “the Mandate of Heaven” as long

as they ruled well and maintained social harmony.

D. Despite having no obvious evidence of a state, this South Asian

civilization emerged in about 2000 B.C.E. with elaborately planned

cities and irrigated agriculture.

E. Known as the Mesoamerican “mother civilization” which

started around 1200 B.C.E. they built the cultural patterns of the

later civilizations such as the Maya and Teotihuacan.


“Our bodies are known to end, but the embodied self is enduring, indestructible, and immeasurable; therefore, Arjuna, fight

the battle! He who thinks this self a killer and he who thinks it killed, both fail to understand; it does not kill, nor is it killed. It

is not born, it does not die; having been, it will never not be; unborn, enduring, constant, and primordial, it is not killed when

the body is killed. Arjuna, when a man knows the self to be indestructible, enduring, unborn, unchanging, how does he kill or

cause anyone to kill? Death is certain for anyone born, and birth is certain for the dead; since the cycle is inevitable, you have

no cause to grieve! Be intent on action, not on the fruits of action; avoid attraction to the fruits and attachment to inaction!

Perform actions, firm in discipline, relinquishing attachment; be impartial to failure and success - this equanimity is called

discipline." – Bhagavad – Gita

21. What is the main message of the passage?

a. One must do one’s duty without emotion because the cycle of reincarnation affects all. b. A warrior should be both brave and pious. c. Everyone dies so it grieving at funerals is considered sacrilegious. d. The body is the most important thing in all of creation and must be persevered above all else.

“Writing constitutes a characteristic feature of the early civilizations of the southwest Asia complex [including ancient

Egypt] from the Indus to the Nile, systems of writing are found as early as the beginning of the third millennium . . . .

“The most important writing systems in this area are: the cuneiform system and its affiliates in and around Mesopotamia;

the hieroglyphic system of Egypt; and the family of writing systems based on an alphabetic script which originated on the

shores of the Mediterranean Sea . . . .

“The three main systems evolved their own characteristic writing techniques, that is, the use of specific materials and

tools, and these techniques in turn had a direct influence on the chances of survival of the texts and thus upon the extent and

even the nature of our knowledge concerning the uses of writing in these civilizations.”

A. Leo Oppenheim, from Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization.

22. The fact that trade networks existed among the early civilizations of southwest Asia and northeast Africa, yet their languages remained fundamentally different suggests that:

(A) each civilization was heavily influenced by neighboring civilizations (B) a sense of cultural identity remained relatively strong within each civilization (C) language must have originated from one source and then diversified with increasing migrations (D) there was little cultural development in any of those early civilizations

23. Based on Oppenheim’s assessment of writing within early civilizations: (A) Record keeping was unimportant in the development of civilization. (B) Record keeping is critical to understanding the past and maintaining values. (C) Record keeping served the interests of the upper class and had no bearing on the lives of commoners. (D) Record keeping became critical to the interaction of these civilizations and allowed for close cooperation.

24. Which of the following civilizations had the greatest advances in astronomy?

(A) Egypt (B) Shang (C) Harrapan (D) Maya

25. Mesoamericans did not develop pastoral communities like other regions in the world because: (A) They had domesticated wheat and barley. (B) They lacked large domesticated animals for protein and power. (C) They outstripped their natural resources which led to drought. (D) They developed terrace farming that was more abundant than pastoralism.


“When I begged his majesty King Pepi I [2332-2283 B.C.E.] to grant me a sarcophagus of whit stone from the finest stone

quarry in Egypt, he has a royal seal bearer with a company of soldiers bring one for me. Never before had the like been done

for any official— but I was excellent in his majesty’s heart; was I rooted in his majesty’s heart…When there was a secret

charge brought against Queen Weret, his majesty made me go hear it alone. No chief judge or minister was there, only I

alone put [the charge] in writing, while my rank was only that of an overseer. Never before had one [of low rank] like me

heard a secret of the king’s own household; but his majesty made me hear it, because I was worthy in his majesty’s heart

beyond any official of his, beyond any noble of his, beyond any servant of his.” Autobiographical account of Weni, an

Egyptian official, c. 2300 B.C.E.

26. The passage above best supports which of the following conclusions about ancient Egypt’s civil officials?

(A) They were motivated mostly by the prospect of receiving expensive gifts from the pharaoh. (B) Pharaohs often assigned critically important tasks to officials of junior rank, rather than to officials of

senior rank.

(C) They received their appointments primarily based on their ability to keep secrets.

(D) They saw promotions and rewards for service as marks of royal favor.

27. Weni’s request for a stone sarcophagus is best understood in the context of which of the following?

(A) The pharaoh’s monopoly on artistic patronage in ancient Egypt.

(B) The Egyptian belief that lavish funerary objects help secure a more comfortable afterlife.

(C) The abundance of sources of fine stone in ancient Egypt.

(D) The technical difficulties of engraving Egyptian hieroglyphic inscriptions on wood or plaster.

Key Concept: 1.3 Theme: Development and interaction of cultures Skill: Historical interpretation

28. The information contained in the primary source would MOST help a historian of early civilizations conclude that Agade was a city that:

(A) had high levels of social inequality. (B) participated in a larger regional trading network. (C) served as the political capital of Mesopotamia. (D) worshiped a religion that was polytheistic in nature.

Key Concept 1.3: IIIF Theme 4: Economics Skill: Historical Argument

“In those days the dwellings of Agade were filled with gold, its bright-shining houses were

filled with silver, into its granaries were brought copper, tin, slabs of lapis lazuli, its silos

bulged at the sides…its quay where the boats docked were all bustle… All of this and more

came from far away.”

--Anonymous Sumerian poet, The city of Agade, 2100 B.C.E


29. If a historian wanted to explain the functions of Mesopotamian writing, the primary source above would BEST support an argument that:

(A) “logophonetic” writing is defined as “symbols that designate whole words.” (B) Hammurabi’s code of law corrected abuses & addressed criminal justice needs. (C) writing had an accounting function, recording the job responsibilities of commoners. (D) literature, philosophy, astronomy, and mathematics were all an effect of writing.

Key Concept 1.1: IIIC Theme 4: Economic labor Skill: Historical Interpretation

“I will proclaim to the world the deeds of Gilgamesh. This was the man to whom all things were known;

this was the king who knew the countries of the world. He was wise, he saw mysteries and knew secret

things, he brought us a tale of the days before the flood. He went on a long journey, was weary, worn-

out with labour, returning he rested, he engraved on a stone the whole story.

When the gods created Gilgamesh they gave him a perfect body. Shamash the glorious sun endowed him

with beauty, Adad the god of the storm endowed him with courage, the great gods made his beauty

perfect, surpassing all others, terrifying like a great wild bull. Two thirds they made him god and one

third man.”

Epic of Gilgamesh, c. 2500 BCE

30. The excerpt above demonstrates which of the following about Mesopotamian society?

(A) The strong prevalence of monotheism. (B) A close connection between religion and nature. (C) Mesopotamians borrowed the concept of an afterlife from Egyptians. (D) Women were viewed as equals under religious law.

Key Concept I.3. III.H; theme 2; skill 4 (interpretation)

31. The Mandate of Heaven: (A) gave the Chinese emperors unlimited power. (B) created the notion of the Chinese emperors as gods. (C) positioned China as a theocracy ruled by priests. (D) allowed the ruler to serve as a link between the heavens and the earth.

Translation of the tablet to the left:

“Dada the swineherd is responsible for harvesting the

three acres planted in barley in the area of Umma

called ‘the field of Ash-Trees.’ ”

--Sumerian tablet, 2100 B.C.E. Source: From Science Museum of Minnesota, Cuneiform Collections,

exhibit SMM7


“Oh! Of the old and former kings of Xia cultivated earnestly their virtue, and then there were no calamities from

Heaven… But their descendant did not follow their example, and the great Heaven sent down calamities,

employing the agency of our ruler who was in possession of its favoring appointment…Oh! Do you, who now

succeed to the throne, revere these warnings in your person? Think of them!”

-The Book of Documents: Yi Yin to Tai Jia

32. How does this excerpt from the Book of Documents reinforce the belief in the Mandate of Heaven?

(A) The kings of Xia were blessed because of the Divine Right of Kings but those rulers that followed the Xia had this right taken away.

(B) Tai Jia is being reminded of past rulers who were blessed for their good deeds and of those past rulers who were cursed by calamities from Heaven not being virtuous

(C) Tai Jia is being told that he will be cursed by Heaven due to the deeds of those rulers before him who were not virtuous

(D) Yi Yin is being reminded of past rulers who were blessed for their good deeds and of those past rulers who were cursed by calamities from Heaven for not being virtuous

KC Theme 2 Development and Interaction of Cultures, Religions, etc.. Skill Appropriate Use of Relevant Historical Evidence Source:

Andrea, Alfred J., and James H. Overfield. The Human Record: Sources of Global History.

1. With outspread hands in petition for that help, O Mazda, I will pray for the works of the holy spirit, O

thou the Right, whereby I may please the will of Good Thought and the Ox-Soul.

4. I who have set my heart on watching over the soul, in union with Good Thought, and as knowing the

rewards of Mazda Ahura for our works, will, while I have power and strength, teach men to seek after

Right.

5. O Asha, shall I see thee and Good Thought, as one that knows? Shall I see the throne of the mightiest

Ahura and the following of Mazda? Through this world of promise on our tongue will we turn the robber

horde unto the Greatest.

9. With the bounties, O Ahura, may we never provoke your wrath, O Mazda and Right and Best Thought,

we who have ben eager in bringing you songs of praise. Ye are they that are the mightiest to advance

desire and the Dominion of Blessings.

10. The wise whom thou knowest as worthy, for their right doing and their good thought, for them do thou

fulfill their longing for attainment. For I know words of prayer are effective with Ye, which tend to a

good object.

11. I would thereby preserve Right and Good Thought forevermore, that I may instruct do thou teach me

O Mazda Ahura, from they spirit by thy mouth how it will be with the First Life. Source: The Avesta: Ahunavaita Gatha. The Gathas are sacred hymns of the Zoroastrian religion. They are believed to have been written by the

founder of the religion in Persia between 1500 – 1200 BCE.

33. The excerpt above best provides evidence of which of the following? (A) Early civilizations formed beliefs of a spiritual realm that interacted with the physical realm. (B) Early civilizations concerned themselves only with the physical world and formed beliefs about how to behave that were largely void of any connection with a spiritual realm.

(C) All early spiritual beliefs and religious ideologies were monotheistic (D) Systems of religious ideologies provided ridged gender roles that tended to favor men in the public realm.


Now the whole country of India has very many rivers, and very great ebb and flow of the tides…but about Barygaza

[Broach] it is much greater, so that the bottom is suddenly seen…Inland from this place and to the east, is the city

called Ozene [Ujjain]…[F]rom this place are brought down all things needed for the welfare of the country about

Barygaza, and many things for our trade: agate and carnelian, Indian muslins…copper, tin, and lead; coral and

topaz…”

Periplus of the Erythraean Sea by a Greco-Roman Merchant 1st Century CE

34. Which of the following can be said about the above text? (A) Early societies were particularly suspicious of religions that dictated strict regulations on human behavior. (B) Avesta: Ahunavaita illustrates the importance of the connection between the spiritual realm and the way in which individuals live their lives.

(C) Zoroastrianism was a religion that forbid the lifestyle of a merchant (D). Early religious beliefs lacked mechanisms to control human behavior.

35. What does the quote above suggest about trans-regional trade between 600 BCE-600 CE? (A) Trade did not exist for the common man. It only existed for the upper classes and royalty. (B) Trans-regional trade was established during the time period and stretched from areas around the

Mediterranean to areas around the Indian Ocean. (C) Trade only existed regionally. Trans-regional trade did not begin until the Silk Road was established. (D) Trans-regional trade was established during the time period, but in the regions surrounding the

Mediterranean Sea.

“And Moses summoned all Israel, and said do them, “Hear, O Israel the statutes and the ordinances

which I speak in your hearing this day..The Lord spoke with you face to face at the mountain…He said:

‘I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.’

‘You shall have no other gods before me.’

‘You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in Heaven above, or

that is on the Earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them or

serve them; for I the Lord your God am a jealous God…”

-The Book of Deuteronomy 36. What is the importance of the above excerpt?

(A) It enforces the doctrinal belief in the Christian Creation story. (B) It establishes a belief in the Tribulation where God will destroy the earth due to man’s sin. (C) It establishes the Jewish holiday of Passover in which Jews remember and honor the Exodus out of Egypt. (D) It establishes the principle of monotheistic worship and a personal relationship with a supreme deity.

KC 1.3.3E Development/Interactions of early society; T2: Cultures/Belief Systems; S: Interpretation and Synthesis


37. The actions of laborers, artisans and merchants in the images above were possible in Ancient Egypt because: (A) Pastoralism and agriculture led to more reliable and abundant food supplies, which increased the population. (B) Surpluses of food and other goods led to specialization of labor, including new classes of artisans (C) Elite groups in agrarian societies accumulated wealth, which led to the creation of social hierarchies. (D) Agricultural communities had to work cooperatively to clear land and create public work projects.

KC 1.2.2.B; T:5; S: 3 & 4

38. Bloodletting rituals among the Maya were seen as:

(A) Important to controlling overpopulation within the society.

(B) Critical to the religious rituals and the bringing of rain to crops.

(C) Influential in controlling commoners among the Mayan hierarchy.

(D) Increasingly barbaric leading to calls for abolition of the practice.

39. The picture at left of a double-hulled canoe was significant to people of the Pacific

because:

(A) The boat allowed the transport of Aryans to the South Seas.

(B) The boat was used to transport trade goods from China.

(C) The boat allowed for explorations, settlement, and trade.

(D)The boat was abandoned as inefficient and unwieldy.

40. By spreading their language across a huge stretch of Africa, the Bantu played a role similar to that played by the:

(A) Indo-Europeans. (B) Egyptians. (C) Shang. (D) Maya.

41. A key element in establishing trade across the Indian Ocean was the: (A) defeat of the Xiongnu. (B) defeat of the Indian pirates who controlled the region. (C) signing of an alliance with the leading Sri Lankan prince. (D) mastering of the monsoon system.

42. Which of the following best explains why myths are useful to historians?

(A) Myths clarify how ancient technology worked. (B) Myths analyze how great heroes created the first societies. (C) Myths provide insights into the values and traditions of their societies. (D) Myths give detailed plans showing how ancient leaders achieved power.


43. The Chavin Cult, named after the modern town of Chavin de Huantar, revolved around which of the following ideas? (A) Bloodletting sacrifices to honor the gods. (B) Large stone heads which represented the gods. (C) Rituals designed to improve status upon reincarnation. (D) Fertility and abundant harvests of maize.

“Will the season’s harvest be abundant or poor?”

“Should the king attack his enemy or not?”

“Will the queen bear a son or a daughter?”

44. Which of the following artifacts would have been used to answer the above questions? (A) Oracle bones among the Shang. (B) Animal entrails among the Lapita. (C) Sacrifices made to Aura Mazda by Zoroastrians. (D) Effigies of maize used by Olmec priests.

45. All of the following represent the influence of Aryans on the Indian subcontinent EXCEPT:

(A) Writing (B) Language (C) Religion (D) Horses 46. The graphic at right depicts which critical aspect of the human species?

(A) Development of social systems to order and control people.

(B) Religions are created to help order the inexplicable events in the universe.

(C) Technological innovations help to improve the quality of life.

(D) Political institutions help to eliminate chaos and build stability.

Large rats! Large rats!

Do not eat our springing grain!

Three years have we had to do with you,

And you have not been willing to think of our toil.

We will leave you,

And go to those happy borders.

Happy borders! Happy borders!

Who will there always make us groan?

The Book of Songs, early Zhou Dynasty.

47. The excerpt from the poem above represents which of the following statements about Ancient China?

(A) Happy peasants want to share the bounty of the harvest. (B) Elites within the system are urging the peasants to produce more grain. (C) Gender roles have created crushing inequality for women. (D) Peasants are tired of the demands placed upon them by ruling elites.


48. The Olmec and the people of the Indus River Valley are similar because: (A) Their holy texts reveal deep social stratification. (B) Their written languages have yet to be deciphered. (C) Their trade interactions created close cultural ties. (D) The giant heads of both groups indicate a strongly authoritarian political system.

49. The wall painting above could be used to:

(A) Demonstrate interaction between two disparate groups of people. (B) Demonstrate the power held over conquered nations by oppressors. (C) Demonstrate the willingness of Nubians to accept Egyptian religious ideas. (D) Demonstrate the migration patterns of Nubia into Egypt.

50. The African proverb, “Until the lions have their historians, tales of hunting will always glorify the hunter,” conveys which of the following?

(A) Common people need to learn how to write so they can tell their story. (B) Hunting is a sport that brings glory only to the hunter. (C) The concept of history is much different in Africa than in Europe or the United States. (D) History usually reflects the viewpoint of the victors.

Egyptian wall painting depicting

Nubians taking offerings of gold to

Egypt in around 1850 BC