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TWO MAIN TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS OF TODAY:

• MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

• INTERNET

Interestingly, mobile subscribers are increasingly demandingInternet access while on the move and at increasingly high speeds; thereby resulting in the Convergence of the above two technological trends leading to the birth of “Broadband” (application) and 3G/4G Technologies (enablers)

Paradigm shift - Internet goes Mobile ….Continued

Contd…

Statistics at a glance:

(i) Global Mobile Subscriber growth has been phenomenal from zero levels in 1992 to cross the landline’s billion by 2002 and the climb to 2.6 billion by Dec. 2006,

(ii) The global mobile phone market is set to grow to 4 - 4.5 billion by 2011 fuelled by strong demand from developing economies in Asia and Latin America.

(iii) Almost 1 billion handsets sold per year.

(iv) 1 billion internet users by Dec. 06.

(v) 275 billion broadband connections.

(vi) Around 2010, data traffic likely to exceed voice traffic.

All the above point to a remarkable development that is changing the world and the way be communicate!

INDIAN SCENARIO

Fixed subscribers - 40 million Mobile - 140 million

Gross - 180 million Tele density - Around 18% Rural Tele density - < 3%

Broadband subscribers - 2 Million Internet Users - 50Million PCs - 5 Million

Target by 2007 - 250 Million subscribers. - 10 Million broadband connections Target by 2010 - 500 Million subscribers. - 20 Million broadband connections

2007 has been declared as the year of Broadband.

Low Internet usage

Low PC penetration

Lack of local content

Tariffs ( for access and services)

Security of Information

Internet & Broad-band Services in India (Issues)

WHAT IS BROADBAND?

• No universal definition of Broadband

• Simply put, it refers to internet access at speeds faster than 56 Kbps dial up.

• ITU REC. I -113 defines it as transmission capacity faster than Primary Rate ISDN (at 2 Mbps).

• DOT Broadband policy 2004 defines “Broadband Connectivity” as “an always-on data connection that is able to support various interactive services and has the capacity of a minimum download speed of 256 Kbps.

BENEFITS OF BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY

• It is Fast

• It is Always-on

• It is charged on a flat rate

The real gift of broadband is the greater scope it provides for developing applications and services whether by enhancing existing ones, or enabling new ones.

Broadband Services

These refer to the new generation of high speed information services which allow users to access internet related services (supported by traditional dial-up services) at significantly higher speeds. In addition, new services are being developed such as viewing good quality live video or downloading large MP3 files. Some of these services are:

• Video-on-demand• Interactive games• Video conferencing • Tele-education• Tele-medicine• Music/movie downloads• On line shopping & browsing• E Governance

BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

Wireless Systems- MMDS/LMDS (For point to multipoint two way broadband services)

- Satellite (VSAT, DTH terminals)

- Free Space Optics (also called optical wireless, it enables optical transmission of data/voice/video through open space (without fiber) within LOS ranges)

- Wi-Fi/Wi-Max - 3G Technologies such as WCDMA, CDMA 2000

Wireline Systems - ISDN - DSL - Cable TV Modem - Power lines

WIRELINE Vs WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES

• Each of the Wireline and Wireless technologies has its own pros and cons and no single technology would be found to be suited for all networks and countries.

• While Wireline technologies such as DSL and Cable may be better options for the existing operators (since these utilize the existing legacy infra-structure), the wireless technologies may be the chosen broadband access options for the new operators without easy access to phone or cable infra- structure, to span the last mile, since it is cheap as well as quick-to-deploy.

MAIN CHALLENGES FOR WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES

• Spectrum constraints

• To guarantee Quality of Service

• To ensure Over-the-Air Security

• To make the interfaces open to ensure inter-operability in a multi-vendor environment.

EVOLUTION OF MOBILE SYSTEMS

• Pre Cellular – e.g. IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone System) – Analog FM System used in mid 1960s.

• 1G - e.g. AMPS, TACS, ETACS, NMT – Partially digital, used from early 1980s in 800 MHz-900 MHz bands.

• 2G – e.g. IS 95, GSM – Fully digital, used from early 1990s, in bands 800, 900, 1700, 1800 and 1900 MHz, Voice Centric with limited data capabilities and SMS.

• 3G – e.g. CDMA 2000, WCDMA – Supporting voice plus high speed packet data services.

• 4G - ?

PARADIGM SHIFT

In 1G - emphasis was on technology, in particular on the evolution of network infra-structure to address the New World of

mobility.

In 2G - manufacturers were striving to meet consumer demand for ever smaller phones with longer battery life and advanced features.

In 3G - focus will now be on content and multimedia applications. Voice telephony will be complemented by services beyond voice.

IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces

IMT-2000CDMA

Direct Spread

IMT-2000CDMA

Multi-Carrier

IMT-2000CDMATDD

IMT-2000TDMA

Single Carrier

IMT-2000FDMA/TDMA

UMTS cdma20001X and 3X

UTRA TDD& TD-SCDMA)

UWC-136/EDGE

DECT

Key IMT2000 Requirements: High Speed Packet Data

144k - Vehicular 384 - Pedestrian 2Mb - Indoor

Global RoamingUIM - Based on SIM

3G Partnership Projects• Two partnership projects have been established to

accelerate all aspects of 3G standardization

• Main thrust of each project is to find commonality for their respective standards across regions

• Global harmonization could enable:–lower overall costs

–faster product cycles

–faster operator implementation of 3G services

3rd GenerationPartnership Project

3rd GenerationPartnership Project

TTCTTC

3GPP for evolved GSM & UTRA TTCTTC

3GPP2 for evolved ANSI-41 & cdma2000

GSM GPRS EDGE

PDC

CdmaOne

TDMA IS-136

TDMA/GPRS

TDMA/EDGE

Cdma 2000WCDMA

IMT-2000CAPABLE SYSTEMS

2000 EVOLVED 2G

64-115 Kbps

TODAY 2G 19.2 Kbps

3G

115-384 Kbps 0.384-2 Mbps16

Mobile Wireless Technology Evolution and Convergence

Wireless technologies evolving to OFDMA Integration Wireless technologies evolving to OFDMA Integration drives adoptiondrives adoption

CDMA 20001x EV-DO

EV-DO Rev A

EV-DO Rev B, C

3G Technology Evolution

802.16eOFDMA

802.16eMIMO-OFDMA

Broadband Wireless Technology Evolution

Wi-FiOFDM

Source: Rysavvy Research

GSMWCDMA

HSDPA HSUPALTE

3G Technology Evolution

2005 2006 2007-2009

4G(IMT-Advanced)

likely OFDMAbased

2010+

3G Technology Evolution

4G

As the first implementations of 3G are beginning to roll out, the shortcomings of 3G networks are already being discussed and the scientists/researchers have begun to talk of 4G which, at this initial stages, implies “improvement and the fixing of lingering 3G problems, apart from increasing data speeds beyond 2 Mbps”. The limitations and difficulties of 3G include:• Multiple radio technologies• Multiple frequency spectrum• User Information rates limited to 2 Mbps

Due to multiple frequency spectrum and radio technologies, world-wide roaming is still not possible and multiband and multimode terminals would be extremely costly.

4G Vision

There will not be a single network branded as 4G in the same way that there is 2G GSM or 3G UTRAN. Instead, 4G will be a collection of networks and a wide variety of smart devices communicating with each other.

The 4G technology will provide for a collection of different kinds of multiple access networks in which a user can gain access to a portal on the Internet (or whatever the entity) by the most appropriate means.

The user will not have to know which network provides the service. The smart device can analyze its environment and choose the best available service provider and technology (service discovery).

Contd….

Contd…..

Both the network entities and the smart devices will be able to configure themselves so that they can adapt to new requirements.

The emergence of fourth generation of mobile services will allowUsers to connect to different networks depending on their location.For example, a handset could connect a wireless local area network(WLAN) when inside a building, switch to a 3G mast when outside,And connect to a standard network in areas with no 3G coverage.

4G is supposed to be an all IP Network with higher bit rates, enhanced Multimedia services, smooth streaming videos, worldwideAccess/roaming capability, Intelligent software as driven technique.OFDM-UWB (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Ultra Wide Band) as representative standard, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA as Multi access techniques, low cost and tight security network.

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Separate Service Networks

Separate Access, Transport & Switching Networks

Dat

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ata

Net

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PL

MN

PL

MN

PS

TN

/ISD

NP

ST

N/IS

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Services

Existing Scenario

NGN Scenario

Access

Transport

Services Managed IP/MPLS

Independence of services from underlying transport technologies

Principles of Fixed Mobile Convergence

HSS- Home Subscriber Server APP- Application (server) RAN- Radio Access Network

IMS based FMC solution

PSTN

Fixed-Line Network

1G

FDMA

2G

TDMA/CDMA IS-95

FMCPSTN(TDM) Softswitch

3G

WCDMACDMA2000

4GIMS

Figure1: Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC)

Mobile Network

Key takeaways

- Mobile has become the dominant means for accessing

communications particularly in developing countries.(The “1 billion” figure of global mobile subscriber base was reached (in 2002)-some 23 years after NTT DoCoMo launched the first Cellular System in 1979, whereas the next 500 million mark was reached (in 2004) –just after 2 years and the “2 billion” figure was reached in 2005).

-Mobile networks are fast moving towards “All IP” networks.

-There is a shift in the wireless business model from a technology and device driven world to a service-and experience-centred world.-The debate of wired Vs wireless will end in the NGN era through Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC).

- FMC will combine the convenience, freedom of movement and personaised services of the wireless world with the high quality and speed of fixed communication.

SOME IMPORTANT STANDARDIZATION BODIES

1. 3GPP (http://www.3gpp.org) 2. 3GPP2 (http://www.3gpp2.org) 3. UWCC (http://www.uwcc.org) 4. ETSI (http://wwwetsi.org) 5. ITU (http://www.itu.int) 6. MWIF (http://www.mwif.org) 7. 3G.IP (http://www.3gip.org) 8. IETF (http://www.ietf.org) 9. UMTS Forum (http://www.umts-forum.org)10. WAP Forum (http://www.wapforum.org) 11. SDR (http://www.sdrforum.org) 12. BLUETOOTH Forum (http://www.bluetoothforum.org)13. 4G BRAIN PROJECT (http://www.ist-brain.org)14. Wireless Communications Association (WCA)15. Broadband Wireless Association (BWA)16. Metro Ethernet Forum17. International Packet Communications Consortium (IPCC)

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For further details, You may contact Deepa Tyagi at E-mail address: ddgmtec@bol.net.inTel. :91-11-2 3329333Fax :91-11-2 3730045