12 categories of herbs - the school of modern herbal...
TRANSCRIPT
The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
1 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
12CategoriesofHerbs
WithStevenHorne,RH(AHG)
WhenIfirststartedstudyingherbs,Iwasconfused…
• Forinstance,IreadthatWhiteOakBarkwasgoodfor:– Hemorrhoids– Bleeding– VaricoseVeins– ExcessiveMenstrualFlow– Swelling
• MyquesOonwas:howcanoneherbbegoodforsomany“different”healthproblems
The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
2 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
TasOngHerbs“ThispracOceoftasOngherbsandrootshasbeenofgreatadvantagetome,asIhavealwaysbeenabletoascertainwhatisusefulforanypar5culardisease,bythatmeans.““IwasoVentoldthatIshouldpoisonmyselfbytasOngeverythingIsaw;butIthoughtIoughttohaveasmuchknowledgeasabeast,fortheypossessaninsOncttodiscoverwhatisgoodforfood,andwhatisnecessaryformedicine.”
– SamuelThomson
HerbalEnergeOcs• ThebasicconsOtuentsthat
giveherbstheirvariousproperOescaneasilybedetectedusingourownsenses
• TheeffectsofthesebasicconsOtuentscanalsobefelt(andobserved),inotherwords,experienceddirectly
• ThisisthebasisofwhatherbalistscallenergeOcs,orhowherbsaffecttheenergiesofthebody
The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
3 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
MyFirstEnergeOcModel• Air=BiYers
(loosening,detoxifying)
• Fire=AromaOcs(sOmulaOng,dispersing)
• Earth=Astringents(Oghtening,consolidaOng)
• Water=DemulcentsorMucilants(cooling,moistening)
Cold
Hot Wet
Dry
Air
Wat
er Fire
Earth
Bitters
Astringents
Arom
atics
Dem
ulc
ents
SevenElementEnergeOcModel
The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
4 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
CurrentEnergeOcSystem• EnergyProducOon
– Warm(SOmulateorspeedupmetabolism,relieveOssuedepression)– Cool(Sedateorslowdownmetabolism,reduceOssueirritaOon)– Neutral(Doesnotwarmorcool)
• TissueDensity– Moisten(LubricateandsoVenhardOssue,reducesatrophy)– Dry(RemoveexcessfluidfromOssue,relievesstagnaOon)– Balancing(normalizesOssuesfromeitheratrophyorstagnaOon)
• MuscleandTissueTone– Constrict(Increasetone,reducesecreOon,counteractsrelaxaOon)– Relax(Relaxspasms,increasesecreOon,counteractsconstricOon)– Nourishing(providesnutrientstohelpOssuesheal)
12BasicHerbalCategories• Pungent• AromaOc• BiYer– Simple(Non-Alkaloidal)
– Alkaloidal– Fragrant
• Salty
• Astringent• Sour• Acrid• Mucilant• Sweet• Oily
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5 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
PossibleArrangement?
PungentHerbs• CharacterisOcs– Spicyorhottaste,biOngaroma
• ConsOtuents– Resins– Allyl-sulphides– Alkamindes– SomeessenOaloils(monoterpenes)
• EnergeOcs– Warminganddrying
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6 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ExamplesofPungentHerbs• Capsicum(ChiliPeppers)
• Ginger• Mustard• Garlic• Horseradish• Blackpepper• Thyme• Eucalyptus
Capsicum—PhotobyStevenHorne
ProperOesofPungentHerbs• Movebloodandenergyupwardandoutward(towardsskinandmucusmembranes)
• DispelstagnaOon• DiaphoreOc–induceperspiraOon• SOmulaOng–increasebloodcirculaOonandenhanceenergyproducOon
• CarminaOve–expelgasandaiddigesOon• DigesOveAids–sOmulateproducOonofdigesOvesecreOons,enhanceappeOte
• Tonifymetal,increasedefensiveqi(TCM)
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7 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ContraindicaOonsforPungentHerbs
• Overusedepletesenergyreservesandcoolsthebody,duetoperspiraOonanddispersalofenergy
• MayirritatedigesOvemembranesinsomepeople
• Notforpeoplewhoare“hot”already:flushed,red,feverish,irritated,irritable
AromaOcHerbs• CharacterisOcs– Strongaroma,generallyusedasseasoningsforaddingflavortofood
• ConsOtuents– EssenOalorvolaOleoils(oilsthatevaporate)
• EnergeOcs– Warminganddrying,butmilderthanpungentherbs
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8 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ExamplesofAromaOcHerbs• Catnip• Peppermint• Chamomile• Sage• Lemonbalm• Basil• Oregano• Rosemary
Catnip—PhotobyStevenHorne
ProperOesofEssenOalOils• Strongnervoussystemeffects• DiaphoreOc–induceperspiraOonwhentakenhot• SOmulaOng(mildly)–increasebloodcirculaOonand
enhanceenergyproducOon• CarminaOve–expelgasandaiddigesOon• DigesOveAids–sOmulateproducOonofdigesOvesecreOons,
enhanceappeOte• Nervine–calmorsOmulatethenerves• Disinfectant–helptodestroyharmfulmicrobes• NocontraindicaOonsforaromaOcherbs,butpureessenOal
oilsshouldbeusedprimarilytopicallyandwelldiluted
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9 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
Simple(Non-Alkaloidal)BiYers• CharacterisOcs– BiYertaste
• ConsOtuents– Diterpenes– Glycosides
• Athraquinoneglycosides
• EnergeOcs– Coolinganddrying,butthereareafewthatarewarminganddrying
ExamplesofSimpleBiYers• CoolingandDrying
– Alfalfa– ArOchokeleaf– GenOan– WildleYuce– Kaleandotherdarkgreens– Cascarasagrada– Turkeyrhubarb– Hops
• Warminganddrying– Turmeric– DongQuai
ArOchokefromWikipedia
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10 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ProperOesofSimpleBiYers• Moveenergyinwardanddownward• DigesOveSOmulants:SOmulatehydrochloricacidproducOon
aswellassecreOonofbileandpancreaOcenzymeswhentasted
• Detoxifying:BiYerstendtosOmulatedetoxificaOonprocessesintheliver,whichcanreduceOssueirritaOonandhaveacoolingeffect
• SedaOves:somehavecalming,relaxingeffects• Anodynes:Afewhelptoeasepain• SOmulantlaxaOve:Herbswithanthroquinoneglycosides
sOmulateintesOnalperistalsis
ContraindicaOonsforSimpleBiYers
• CoolingbiYerscandepletedigesOonoverOme,whilewarmingbiYersareunlikelytohavethiseffect.TheeffectofcoolingbiYersismodifiedbyaddingaromaOcorpungentherbstodigesOvetonics.
• BiYersshouldbeavoidedbythin,weak,emaciatedanddrypeople
• ExcessiveuseofbiYersiswasOng(i.e.,promotesdepleOonofOssuemoisture)
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11 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
AlkaloidalBiYers• CharacterisOcs– BiYertaste
• ConsOtuents– Alkaloids(alkalinecompounds,namesendin–ine)
– Examples:caffeine,nicoOne,berberine,lobeline,hydrasOne
• EnergeOcs– Coolinganddrying
ExamplesofAlkaloidalBiYers• Goldenseal• Oregongrape• Lobelia• Coffee• Chocolate• Chineseephedra• Californiapoppy• Barberry• Scotchbroom
OregonGrape—PhotobyStevenHorne
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12 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ProperOesofAlkaloidalBiYers• DigesOveSOmulants:SOmulatehydrochloricacidproducOonaswellassecreOonofbileandpancreaOcenzymeswhentasted
• Detoxifying:BiYerstendtosOmulatedetoxificaOonprocessesintheliver
• Specificnervousandglandulareffects:dependingonthealkaloids,alkaloidscanhavesOmulaOngorsedaOngeffectsonthenervesandglands
ContraindicaOonsforAlkaloidalBiYers
• AlkaloidalbiYerscanhaveveryspecificindicaOonsandcontraindicaOonswhichshouldbelearnedforeachherb
• BiYersshouldbeavoidedbythin,weak,emaciatedanddrypeople
• ExcessiveuseofbiYersiswasOng(i.e.,promotesdepleOonofOssuemoisture)
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13 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
FragrantBiYers• CharacterisOcs– BiYertaste;strong,butnotnecessarilypleasantaroma
• ConsOtuents– Sesquiterpenelactonesandtriterpenes
• EnergeOcs– Slightlywarminganddrying
ExamplesofFragrantBiYers• Elecampane• Blackwalnuthulls• Wormwood• Tansy• Wormseed
Tansy—PhotobyStevenHorne
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14 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ProperOesandContraindicaOons
• ProperOes– DigesOveSOmulants:UsedtosOmulatedigesOonlikeotherbiYers
– AnOparasiOc:Usedtodispelparasites• ContraindicaOons– Generallynotusedlongtermorinlargedoses– Mostarecontraindicatedinpregnancy– SamegeneralcontraindicaOonsforallbiYers
AcridHerbs• CharacterisOcs– BiYer,nasty,burningtaste
• ConsOtuents– Resins– Alkaloids
• EnergeOcs– Relaxing,mayalsobecoolinganddrying
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Acrid• Lobelia• Kavakava• Echinacea(angusOfolia)• Blackcohosh• Skunkcabbage• Bluevervain
Lobelia—PhotobyStevenHorne
ProperOesofAcridHerbs• AnOspasmodic:relaxcrampingandmusclespasms
• Relieve“wind”disordersinTCM:problemsinvolvingalternaOngsymptoms
• ContraindicaOons:– SomeareemeOc(inducevomiOng)inlargedoses– Largedosesorlongtermusemayadverselyaffectnerves
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16 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
AstringentHerbs• CharacterisOcs– SlightlybiYer,withdrying,slightlypuckeringsensaOon
• ConsOtuents:– Tannins
• EnergeOcs– DryingandConstricOng
Astringent• Whiteoakbark• Uvaursi• Bayberry• Sage• GreenTea• Yarrow• Wildgeranium• Willowbark• Witchhazel
UvaUrsi—PhotobyStevenHorne
The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
17 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ProperOesofTannins
• VeryDrying:ArrestexcessivesecreOon• Tone:OghtenloseOssueandreduceswelling• SypOc:helpbloodcoagulatetostopbleeding• SlowintesOnalperistalsis,toneupleakygut• AnOvenomous:helptoneutralizeanimalvenomwhenappliedtopically
ContraindicaOonsforAstringents
• ReducedigesOvefuncOon,interferewithmineralabsorpOon,sobesttakeninbetweenmeals
• LargedosestakeninternallycancauseconsOpaOon
• LongtermtopicalusecanbeirritaOngtoskinormucosa
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18 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
Oligomericprocyanidins(OPCs)• Grapine®• CondensedtanninswithpowerfulanOoxidantcapabiliOes
• Foundinpinebark,grapeseedandgreentea
SourHerbs• CharacterisOcs– Sourtaste
• ConsOtuents– Fruitacids(citric,malicandabscorbicacid)
– Flavonoids– AnOoxidants
• EnergeOcs– Cooling,balancing(maymoistenordry),nourishing
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19 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
Sour• Lemon• Bilberry,Blueberry• Cranberry• Rosehips• Lycium• Hawthorne• Schizandra• Mangosteen• Noni
Lycium—PhotobyStevenHorne
ProperOesofSourHerbs• AnOoxidant:reducefreeradicaldamage,coolheatandirritaOon
• Tonic:strengthencapillaryintegrity,OghtenOssue
• HepaOc:AidliverfuncOon,gentlysOmulatebileproducOon,tonifyliverqiaccordingtoTCM
• NorealcontraindicaOons
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20 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
SaltyHerbs• CharacterisOcs– Slightlysalty,grassyor“green”taste(thinkofceleryorspinach)
• ConsOtuents– Saltsofmagnesium,potassium,sodiumandcalcium
• EnergeOcs– Balancing(maymoistenand/ordryOssues)andnourishing
ExamplesofSaltyHerbs• Spinach,celery• Alfalfa• Mullein• NeYles• Chickweed• Redclover• Dandelionleaf• Horsetail• Seaweeds(kelp,dulse)
Mullein—PhotobyStevenHorne
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21 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ProperOesofSaltyHerbs• NutriOve:supplytracemineralstohelptoneandhealOssues
• Non-irritaOngdiureOcs:helptosupportkidneyfuncOonbysupplyingpotassium
• LymphaOc:HelptopromotelymphflowandrelievelymphaOccongesOon
• Decongestant:helptoloosenmucus• Alkalizing:tendtoincreasealkalinity,whichaidsgeneralhealth
• NocontraindicaOons
SweetHerbs• CharacterisOcs– BiYer-sweetflavor,notsugaryorstarchy,morelikethesweetnessofdarkchocolate
• ConsOtuents– Polysaccharides– Saponins
• EnergeOcs– Moisteningandneutral(maybeslightlywarmingorcooling,too)
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22 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ExamplesofSweetHerbs
• Licorice• Stevia• Americanginseng• Koreanginseng• Eleutheroroot• BeePollen• Astragalus• Codonopsis
GinsengRootsfromWikipedia
ProperOesofSweetHerbs
• NutriOveandtonic:buildsupweakenedcondiOons,counteractswasOng,strengthensglands,buildsenergyreserves
• Adaptagenic:Manysweettonicsmodulatestressandimproveoverallhealth
• Moistening:CounteractdrynessandagingofOssues• ImmuneTonics:OVenstrengthentheimmunesystem
• OVenusedforelderlypeopletoregainormaintaingoodhealth
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23 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ContraindicaOonsforSweetHerbs
• Mostoftheseremediesareverybenignandsuitableforlongtermuse
• Tendtoencourageweightgain• Someofthestrongertonicherbs(especiallytheginsengs)canbeabusedassOmulants,especiallybyyoungerpeople
MucilantHerbs• CharacterisOcs– Slipperyslimyfeelwhenmoist,generallyblandorslightlysweettaste
• ConsOtuents– Mucopolysaccharides(mucilageandgums)
– Glucoaminoglycans
• EnergeOcs– Moistening,coolingandnourishing
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24 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ExamplesofMucilantHerbs• AloeVera• SlipperyElm• Psyllium• Marshmallow• Comfrey• IrishMoss• Kelp• Okra• ChiaSeeds
AloeVera—PhotobyStevenHorne
ProperOesofMucilantHerbs
• Coolandmoistenhot,dryandirritatedOssues• BulklaxaOve:holdmoistureinboweltopromotenormaleliminaOon
• Vulnerary:HelpinjuredOssuesheal• ImmuneSOmulant:EnhanceimmuneacOvity,especiallyonmucusmembranes
• FeedfriendlygutbacteriatopromoteintesOnalhealth
• AbsorbirritantsfromGItractandskin• Mayhelptoreducecholesterol
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25 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ContraindicaOons• CanreduceabsorpOonofnutrientsandmedicaOons
• CanalsocoolandslowdowndigesOvefuncOonwithexcessiveuse,butthiscanbecounteractedbyaddingaliYlepungentoraromaOcherbs
OilyHerbs• CharacterisOcs– Oilytasteandtexture
• ConsOtuents– Oils– FaYyacids
• EnergeOcs– Moistening,CoolingandNourishing
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26 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
ExamplesofOilyHerbs• Flaxseed• Blackcurrentseed• Eveningprimroseseed• Pumpkinseeds• Sunflowerseeds• Borageseeds• Hempseeds• Coconut• Olives
BlueFlax—PhotobyStevenHorne
ProperOesofOilyHerbs
• Nourishing:providethebodywithfaYyacidsforenergy,immune,nerveandglandularfuncOon
• Cooling:canhelpreduceirritaOon• MildlaxaOve:lubricatethestoolforbeYereliminaOon
• Moistening:lubricatedryOssues,aidOssueflexibility
• NocontraindicaOons
The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
27 Copyright 2015 by Steven Horne and The School of Modern Herbal Medicine
SomeAcknowledgments• EdwardMiloMillet–whohelpedmeunderstandthebasic
acOonsofherbs• L.CarlRobinson–whoworkedwithmeonthedevelopment
ofthefourelementenergeOcmodel• MaYhewWood–whodevelopedthemodelofthesix
(seven)Ossuestates,andhelpedmeidenOfythe12herbalcategories
• DavidWinston–whohelpedmeunderstandthe12herbalcategories
• ThomasEasley–whohelpeddevelopthedirecOonsofherbalacOonmodel
AnyQuesOons?