156

REFERENCES

1. Awlad Hossain, Luke Humphrey and Ahsan Mian “Prediction of the dynamic response of a mini-cantilever beam partially submerged in viscous media using finite element method”, Finite elements in Analysis and Design, Vol. 48, pp. 1339-1345, 2012.

2. Awoto Y., Ikeda M., Manville S.K. and Nishikawa A. “Automotive suspension design and analysis”, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 15 pp. 1111-1129, 2008.

3. Bayarakceken H., Tasgetiren S. and Yavuz I. “Two cases of failure in the power transmission system of vehicles a universal joint yoke and a drive shaft”, International Journal of Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 14, pp. 716-724, 2007.

4. Beermann H.J., et al, “Static analysis of commercial vehicle frames”, International Journal of Vehicle Design, Vol. 5,pp. 26-52, 1984.

5. Berger C., Eulitz K-G, Heuler P., Kotte K-L., Naundorf H. and Schuetz W. “Betriebsfestigkeit chassis analysis in Germany - an overview”, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 24, No.6, pp. 146-156, 2002.

6. Chiandussi G., Gaviglio I. and Ibba A., “Topology optimization of an automotive component without final volume constraint specification”, Laboratory of Applied Optimization, Vol.35, pp 609-614, 2004.

7. Chiewanichakorn, M, Aref, A. and Allampalli J, “Dynamic and Fatigue Response of a Truss Bridge with Fiber Reinforced polymer Deck”, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 29, pp.1475-1489, 2007.

8. Chinnaraj K, Sathya Prasad M. and Lakshmana Rao, “Experimental analysis and quasi static numerical idealization of dynamic stresses on a heavy vehicle chassis frame assay”, Journal of Applied Mechanics of Materials, Vol. 4, pp. 271-280, 2008.

9. Cicek Karaoglu and Sefa Kuralay, N. “Stress analysis of truck chassis with riveted joints”, Finite Element Analysis and Design, Vol. 38, pp. 1115-1130, 2001.

157

10. Conle F. A. and Chu C.-C, “Fatigue Analysis and the Local Stress-strain Approach in Complex Vehicular Structures”, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 19, pp. 317-323, 2003.

11. Conle F.A. and Mousseau C W., “Using vehicle dynamics simulations and finite element results to generate fatigue life contours for chassis components”, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 13, pp. 195-205, 1991.

12. Conle F.A. and Mousseau C.W., “Finite element analysis of automotive chassis by fatigue test method”, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 8, pp. 57-68, 1998.

13. Daowu Zhou, Rajil Saraswat, Robert Uings and Roger O, “Chassis fatigue life prediction in welded structures”, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 1 pp. 8-9, 2010.

14. Dave Anderson, “Development of a Multi-Body Dynamic Model of a Tractor-Semi-trailer for Ride Quality Prediction”, International Truck and Engine Corp. SAE Technical Paper, Vol. 1, pp. 2764-2775, 2001.

15. Deprez K, Mosho D., and Ramon H. "Comfort improvement of a non linear suspension using global optimization and in situ measurements", Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 284, pp. 1003-1014, 2005.

16. Deweer, J., Van Langenhove, T. and Grinker, S. “Identification of the best model parameters and strategies for FE model updating”, SAE Technical Paper, Vol. 1, pp. 1439-1459, 2001.

17. Dong P., Hong J.K. and Cao Z. “A structural stress definition and numerical implementation for fatigue analyses”, International Journal of Fatigue Vol. 23, pp. 865-876, 2001.

18. Elbeheiry E.M. and Karnopp D. “Optimal control of vehicle random vibration with constrained suspension deflection”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 189, pp. 547-564, 1996.

19. Eryurek, I.B., Ereke, M. and Goksenli, A. “Failure analysis of the suspension spring of a light duty truck”, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 14, pp. 170-178, 2005.

158

20. Fermer M. and Svensson, H. “Industrial experiences of FE-based Fatigue Liofe Predications of welded automotive structures”, Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, Vol. 24 (7), pp.1127-1134, 2001.

21. Ferry W.B., Frise P.R., Andrews G.T. and Malik M.A. “Combination virtual simulation and physical vehicle test data to optimize durability testing”, Fatigue Fracture Engineering Material Structure, Vol.25, pp.1127-1134, 2002.

22. Fung C. P. and Smart J. “An experimental and numerical analysis of riveted single lap joints”, Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 208, pp.70-79, 1994.

23. Gurney T.R., “Fatigue design rules for welded steel joints”, Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials, Vol.2, pp.102-109, 1976.

24. Haval Kamal Asker, Thaker Salih Dawood and Arkan Fawzi, “Stress analysis of standard truck chassis during ramping on block using finite element method”. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, 2012.

25. Hengji Mi, Zhengqi Gu , Qingquan Yang, Duzhong Nie,. Et al, “Frame fatigue life assessment of a mining dump truck based on finite element method and multi body dynamic analysis”, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 23 pp. 1-90. 2012.

26. Heyes A.M., "Failure analysis of an Automotive Component Failures", Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 5, pp. 129-141, 1998.

27. Hiaba M., Barton D.C., Books P.C. and Levesley J., “Review of life assessment techniques applied on dynamically loaded automotive components”, Computing Structure, Vol. 80, pp. 481-494, 2002.

28. Hobbacher A. et al, “Recommendations for fatigue strength of welded components”, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 31, pp. 50-58, 2009.

29. Hoffmeyer J., Doring R., Seeger T. and Vormwald M., “Deformation behaviour, short crack growth and fatigue lives under multiaxial nonprotional loading”, International Journal of Fatigue Analysis, Vol. 28, pp. 508-520, 2006 .

159

30. Hua-bin Chen, Tao Xu, Shan-ben Chen and Tao Lin, “Numerical Simulation and Control of Robot Welding Deformation of Five-Port Connector”, Robotic Welding Intelligence and Automation, Vol. 362, pp. 203-209, 2007.

31. Ibrahim, I.M., Crolla, D.A. and Barton, D.C., “Effect of frame flexibility on the ride vibration of trucks”, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 58, pp.709-713, 1994.

32. Jiang Y., Hertel O. and Vormwald M., “A Experimental evaluation of three critical plane multi axial fatigue criteria”, International Journal of Fatigue Analysis, Vol.29, pp.1490-1502, 2007.

33. Johann Wannenburg, Stephan Heyns P., Anton D. and Raath D., “Application of a fatigue equivalent static load methodology for the numerical durability assessment of heavy vehicle structures”, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol.31, pp.1541-1549, 2009.

34. John Crawford, “Finite Element Analysis of a NASCAR Winston Cup Stock Car”, SAE Paper No. 942527, SAE Motor sports Engineering Conference, Detroit, MI, 1994.

35. Jung - Seok Kim, “Fatigue assessment of tilting bogie frame for Korean tilting train: Analysis and static tests”, Journal of Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 13, pp. 1326 -1337, 2006.

36. Karaoglu C. and Kuralay, “Stress analysis of a truck chassis with riveted joints”, International Journal of Engineering Education, Vol.38, pp.1115-1130, 2000.

37. Keiner, Henning. “Static Structural Analysis of a Winston Cup Chassis under a Torsion Load”, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 2, pp. 146-157, 1995.

38. Kim B., Park K. and Kim Y, "Endurance Analysis of Automotive Vehicle’s Door W/H System Using Finite Element Analysis," Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, Vol. 2 pp. 375-382, 2009.

39. Koyanagi S., Okamoto I., Fujimori S. and Terada K., ”An active titling system for railway cars”, JSME International Journal of Japan Society Mechanical Engineering, Vol.32, pp. 316-322, 1989.

160

40. Kutay Yilmazcoban and Yaar Kahraman Tojsat, “Tuuck chassis structural thickness optimization with the help of finite element technique”, Journal of Science and Technology, Vol.1, No.3, 2011.

41. Lagoda L., Macha E. and Nieslony A., “ Fatigue life calculation by means of the cycle counting and spectral methods under multi axial random loading”, Fatigue and Fracture of engineering materials and structures, Vol. 28, pp. 409-420, 2005.

42. Lampert and Jon K, “Design and Analysis of a Twist Fixture to measure the Torsion Stiffness of a Winston Cup Chassis”, International review of mechanical engineering, Vol. 5 pp. 678-689, 1998.

43. Lonny L. Thomson, Pipasu Soni, Srikanth Raju, H. and Harry Law E.. “The effects of chassis flexibility on roll stiffness on the winston cup race car” ,SAE Journal Paper, Vol. 7, pp. 3450-3465, 1998.

44. Marco Cavazzuti, Dario Costi, Andrea Baldini, Patrizio Moruzzi, “Automotive Chassis Topology Optimization: a Comparison Between Spider and Couple Designs”, Review of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 3, pp. 285-306, 2011.

45. Masahiro Koike, Sanshirou Shimoda, Toshihide Shibuya, Hirofumi Miwa, et al, “Development of kinematic analysis method of vehicle design”, Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 50 , pp. 13-18, 2004.

46. McCullough M.K. and Haug E.J., “Dynamics of high mobility track vehicles”, Journal of Mechanical Transportation Automotive Design, Vol.108, pp.189-197, 1986.

47. Mergen H Ghayesh, and Sara Balar “Non-linear parametric vibration and stability analysis for two dynamic models of axially moving Timoshenko beams”, Applied Mathematical Modeling, Vol. 34, No.10, pp. 2850- 2859, 2010.

48. Miner M.A., “Cumulative damage in fatigue”, Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 67, pp. 269-275, 1945.

49. Miyake, Saeki-ku, Hiroshima, “Failure analysis of hot forging dies for automotive components”, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 15, pp. 881-893, 2008.

161

50. Mothiram K., Patil, M.S. and Palanichamy A., “mathematical model of tractor-occupant system with a new seat suspension for minimization of vibration response”, Original Research Applied Mathematical Modeling, Vol. 12, pp. 63-71, 1988.

51. Murali Krishna, A. and Madhavi Latha, G., “Modeling the dynamic response of wrap faced reinforced soil retaining walls”, International Journal of Geomechanics, Vol. 12, pp. 439-450, 1998.

52. Nan Zhou, Jixiong Zhang, Feng Ju and Shaojie Liu “Genetic Algorithm Coupled with the Neural Network for Fatigue Properties of Welding Joints Predicting”, Journal of Computers, Vol. 7, pp. 1887-1894, 2012.

53. O Kurdi R., Abd-Rahman M N Tamin. “Stress analysis of heavy duty truck chassis using finite element method”, Journal of Mechanical engineering, Vol. 26, pp. 76-85, 2008.

54. Palma, E.S., Petracconi, C.L. and Ferreira, S.E. “Fatigue behavior analysis of a rear tow hook pin of a passenger vehicle”, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 16, pp. 2408 - 2416, 2009.

55. Patel Vijay Kumar, Prof. R. I. Patel’, “Structural Analysis of Automotive Chassis Frame and Design Modification for Weight Reduction”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol.1, pp. 1-6, 2012.

56. Pedersen M.M, Mouritsen O.Ø., Hansen M.R., Andersen J.G. and Wenderby J., “Re-analysis of fatigue data for welded joints using the notch stress approach”, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 32, pp. 1620–1626, 2010.

57. Pettersson G, “Fatigue analysis of a welded component based on different methods”, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 46, pp. 41-51, 2002.

58. Prawoto Y, Ikeda M., Manville SK, Nishikawa A, “Design and failure modes of Automotive suspension springs”, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 15, pp. 1155-1174, 2007.

59. Rahman Rosli M. M., Bakar A., Noor M. M., Rejab M. R. M., Sani M. S. M. “Fatigue Life Prediction of Spot-Welded Structures: A Finite Element Analysis Approach”, European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol.22, pp.444-456, 2008.

162

60. Raju, Srikanth. “Design and Analysis of a Winston Cup Stock Car Chassis for Torsional Stiffness using the Finite Element Method”, Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 24, pp. 786-796, 1998.

61. Romulo Rossi Pinto Filho. “Automotive frame optimization”, Review of Mechanical Engineering, SAE Paper, Vol. 67, pp. 146-156, 2003.

62. Roslan Abd Rahman , Modh Nasir Tamin , Ojo Kurdi , “Stress Analysis of heavy vehicle Truck Chassis as a Preliminary Data for its Fatigue Life Prediction using FEM”, Journal Mekanikal, Vol. 26, pp. 76-85, 2008.

63. Rubinstein D, Galili N., “A design – oriented simulation program for orr-road track vehicles”, Journal of terramechanics, Vol. 31, pp. 329-352, 2004.

64. Ryu J, Kim H, Wang S, “A method of improving dynamic stress computation for fatigue life prediction of vehicle structures”, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 33, pp. 465-475, 1997.

65. Savaidis G., Savaidis A. and Zerres P.M. “Mode I fatigue crack growth at notches considering crack closure vormwald”, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 32, pp. 1543-1558, 2010.

66. Shaohua Li , Shaopu Yang, Liqun Chen and Yongjie Lu , “Effects of parameters on dynamic responses for a heavy vehicle-pavement-foundation coupled system” International Journal of Heavy vehicle system, Vol. 19, pp. 207-224, 2012.

67. Smith M., Fisher F., Romios M. and Es-Said OS “On the redesign of a shear pin under cyclic bending loads”, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 14, pp. 138-146, 2007.

68. Sonsino, C.M., Maddox and Hobbacher A, “Fatigue life assessment of welded joints under variable amplitude loading - state of present knowledge and recommendations for fatigue design recommendations”, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 29, pp. 84-99, 2004.

69. Srivatsan T.S. and Anand S., “The high-cycle fatigue and fracture behavior of aluminum alloy 7055”, Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 4, pp. 567-577, 2000.

163

70. Sumi Y., “Fatigue crack propagation and computational remaining life assessment of ship structures”, .Journal Marine Science Technology, Vol. 3, pp. 102-12, 1998.

71. Tanaka M., Miyazava H., Asaba E., Hongo K, “Application of the finite element method to bolt-nut joints-fundamental studies on analysis of bolt and nut joints using the finite element method”, Bull. Japan Society Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 24, pp. 1064 -1071, 1981.

72. Thompson R.J. and Vissert A.T., “An overview of the structural design of mine haulage roads’, The Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Vol. 33, pp. 31-40, 1991.

73. Topac, M.M., Gunal, H. and Kuralay, N.S. “Fatigue failure prediction of a rear axle housing prototype by using finite element analysis”, Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 16, pp. 1474-1483, 2009.

74. Veloso, V., Magalhaes, H.S., Bicalho, G.I. and Palma, E.S. “Failure investigation and stress analysis of a longitudinal stringer of an automobile chassis”, Journal of Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol. 16, pp. 1696-1702, 2009.

75. Wannenburg J., “The probabilistic establishment of durability requirements based on field failure data”, Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol. 20, pp.1056 - 1087, 1993.

76. Washington D.C, “Beam formula with shear and moment diagram, American forest and paper association”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), Vol. 1, pp. 202-463, 2012.

77. Wiebesiek, J., Störzel, K. , Bruder, T. , Kaufmann H. , “ Multiaxial fatigue behaviour of laserbeam-welded thin steel and aluminium sheets under proportional and non-proportional combined loading”, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 33, pp. 992-1005, 2011.

78. Witold Pawlus , Kjell Gunnar Robbersmyr , Hamid Reza Karimi , "Mathematical modeling and parameters estimation of a car crash using data-based regressive model approach Original Research", Applied Mathematical Modeling , Vol. 35, pp. 5091-5107, 2011.

79. Xiaofeng Wanga , Xiaoge Zhang , “Simulation of dynamic cornering fatigue test of a steel passenger car wheel”, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 32, pp. 434 - 442, 2010.

164

80. Ye N. and Moan T., “Static and Fatigue analysis of three types of Aluminium box-stiffener/web frame Connections”, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 29, pp. 1426-1433, 2007.

81. Yongjie Lu, Shaopu Yang, Shaohua Li and Liqun Chen, “ Numerical and experimental investigation on stochastic dynamic load of a heavy duty vehicle”, Journal of Applied Mathematical Modeling, Vol. 34, pp. 2698-2710, 2010.

82. Zaman Bujang, Izzudin, and Rahman, Roslan, “Application of dynamic correlation technique and model updating on truck chassis”, Review of Mechanical Engineering, Vol.6, pp. 1056-1076, 2006.

83. Zehsaz M, Vakili Tahami . and Esmaeili, “ The effect of connection plat thickness on stress of truck chassis with riveted and welded joint under dynamic loads”, Asian Journal of Applied Science, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 22-35, 2009.

84. Zehsaz M, Vakili Tahami and Esmaeili et al, “Fatigue lifetime analysis of auto-body structure and spot weld based on finite element method”, Journal of Automotive Engineering, Vol. 28, pp. 944-947, 2006.