1. It refers to the extra chromosomal genetic structures of bacteria which are made of a circular piece of DNA.a. Plasmidsb. Peptidoglycanc. Pilid. Capsule2. It refers to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, designated by a subscript to the left of the elemental symbol.a. Atomic massb. Atomic numberc. Isotopesd. Ions3. Atomic forms of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.a. Atomic massb. Atomic numberc. Isotopesd. Ions4. It is the maximum number of healthy organism that the resource of an ecosystem can support at a given time.a. Population densityb. Carrying capacityc. Maximum capacityd. Density-dependent population5. It refers to the observable physical and physiological traits of an organism.a. Allelesb. Genotypec. Traitsd. Phenotype6. Which among the following areas of Taxonomy refers to the ordering and grouping of populations using the inductive method?a. Classificationb. Identificationc. Nomenclatured. Preservation7. According to this law, the two genes of a pair separate during gamete formation, so that only one gene of a pair is received by each gamete.a. Law of Segregationb. Law of Independent Assortmentc. Incomplete Dominanced. Codominance8. The cell walls of fungi are made up of _____.a. Celluloseb. Carbohydratesc. Glycogend. Chitin9. In the cross breeding of two organisms, only the intermediate traits appear in the offspring.a. Multiple allelesb. Polygenesc. Codominanced. Incomplete dominance10. Malaria is a disease caused by parasitic sporozoans known as ______.a. Plasmodiumb. Amoebac. Trypanosomad. Dinoflagellate11. Which of the following environmental problems is responsible for fish kills in the Philippines?a. Deforestationb. Pollutionc. Wildlife depletiond. Acid rain12. A biome is best defined as ______.a. A feeding pattern of worldwide organismsb. A major climatologic regions with consistent inhabiting populationsc. The plant and animals in the biosphered. A flourishing geographical area of a country.13. These are colorless plastids that may contain stored food found in plants.a. Chloroplastsb. Chromoplastsc. Leucoplastsd. Anthocyanin14. Spermatogenesis occurs in ______.a. Epididymisb. Testesc. Gonadsd. Seminiferous tubules15. Which of the following is least likely to be associated with the cytomembrane system?a. Endoplasmic reticulumb. Lysosomec. Golgi bodiesd. Mitochondrion16. Which statement about human karyotype is NOT true?a. Sex chromosomes are not included.b. Chromosomes are organized into pairs.c. Metaphase chromosomes are photographed.d. Autosomes are arranged from longest to shortest.17. Through dehydration synthesis of glucose and fructose, it will yield ______.a. Maltoseb. Sucrosec. Lactosed. Galactose18. A women with a type AB blood is married to a type O man. What are the chances that their child will have blood type of A?a. 100%b. 75%c. 50%d. 25%19. Which of the following elements does not constitute proteins?a. Pb. Hc. Od. C20. If both parents are heterozygous, the probability that a recessive trait will appear in the offspring is ____.a. 75%b. 50%c. 25%d. 0%21. The most abundant elements found in living matter are ______.a. Oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and carbonb. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and phosphorusc. Phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon and oxygend. Nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and carbon22. All of the following bases are found in DNA EXCEPT:a. Uracilb. Adeninec. Guanined. Cytosine23. A cell placed in salt solution shrinks because ______.a. The cell loses waterb. The cell gains waterc. The cell develops turgor pressured. The net movement of water is 0.24. A husband with normal color vision has a pregnant color-blind wife. What is the probability of having a normal daughter?a. b. c. d. 125. Which of the following processes are mismatched?a. Catabolism digestion of foodb. Anabolism cellular respirationc. Passive transport diffusion and osmosisd. Endocytosis phagocytosis and pinocytosis26. Suppose a type AB patient needs blood transfusion. Which blood donation should NOT be given to him?a. Type ABb. Type Oc. Type Bd. Type A27. The major source of variation in bacteria is _____.a. Mutationb. Asexual reproductionc. Genetic recombinationd. Environmental changes28. Flowering plants are more successful and dominant than gymnosperms in dry terrestrial habitat because ______.a. Their seeds are protected inside a fruitb. Their seeds are dispersed by wind rather than waterc. Their cell walls are strengthened by lignin to support their tall heightsd. Their parts are protected by a waxy water-proof substance called cutin.29. If you examine living plant and animal cells, you will be amazed at the striking similarity in that they possess ______.a. Cell wallb. Large vacuolesc. A cell membraned. The ability to manufacture food30. It involves the spontaneous and random movement of molecules from one place to another.a. Osmosisb. Exocytosisc. Diffusiond. Passive transport31. Which of the following statements is true about the five-kingdom scheme of biological classification?a. Bacteria and algae are placed in Kingdom Monerab. Kingdom Plantae includes all photosynthetic organisms.c. The simplest members of Kingdom Animalia are the protozoa.d. Heterotrophic organisms that secrete digestive enzymes to break down food before absorbing it are classified under Kingdom Fungi.32. What is the correct sequence of the scientific method?I- ExperimentationII- Formulation of a hypothesisIII- ObservationIV- Defining a problemV- Formulation a theorya. I, II, III, IV, Vb. IV, III, II, I, Vc. III, IV, II, I, Vd. V, IV, III, II, I33. Which of the following does not describe fungi?a. Pathogenicb. Photosyntheticc. Symbioticd. Parasitic34. The color of the leaves is green because plants _____ green light.a. Reflectb. Refractc. Absorbedd. Transmitted35. Which of the following describes the bacteria under Subkingdom Archaebacteria?a. Do not have nuclear membranesb. Are among the most primitive organismsc. Can live in extremes of environmental conditionsd. All of the above36. Solution X has a pH of 3.0 while solution Y has 8.3 pH. What is TRUE?a. X is basic while Y is acidicb. Both are acidic.c. Both are basic.d. X is acidic while Y is basic37. A flower which lacks sepals and pistils but has a stamen is classified as ______.a. Incomplete, imperfect flowerb. Complete, perfect flowerc. Complete, imperfect flowerd. Incomplete, perfect flower38. If two variables A and B are inversely proportional, which of these is NOT true?a. When A is low, B is in high state.b. As A increases, B also increasesc. When A increases, B decreasesd. A high A is associated with a low B.39. Which of the following vertebrates lived on land first?a. Reptilesb. Mammalsc. Amphibiansd. Birds40. It is the protective shell of the virus.a. Nucleoidb. Capsidc. Plasmidd. Viroid41. Which of the following functions/characteristics is shared by all individuals in the animal kingdom?a. Sexual reproductionb. Locomotionc. Heterotrophyd. Segmentation42. What is the 5th element in the periodic table?a. Lithiumb. Berylliumc. Borond. Carbon43. Which sequence is consistent with presumed evolutionary history of animals?a. Birds -> reptiles -> amphibians -> fishesb. Fishes -> amphibians -> reptiles -> birdsc. Reptiles -> amphibians -> mammals -> birdsd. Reptiles -> amphibians -> birds -> mammals44. The technology that uses plants to breakdown or concentrate toxic wastes in the soil is called:a. Bioaccumulationb. Bioremediationc. Genetic engineeringd. Phytoremediation45. New traits in population originate from a change in:a. Gene structureb. Gene poolc. Number of gametes involvedd. Frequency of cell divisions46. In a normal breathing process, inhalation happens when,a. The diaphragm contracts and goes down as the ribcage goes upward and outward.b. The diaphragm contracts and goes up as the rib cage goes downward and inward.c. The diaphragm contracts and goes down as the rib cage goes downward and inward.d. The diaphragm contracts and goes up as the rib cage goes upward and outward.47. In the theory of natural selection, what individuals are described as being more fit than others?a. Those that are stronger and healthierb. Those that have better chances of surviving and producing more offspringc. Those that are adapted to their environmentd. Those that can compete with other individuals which are also adapted to the environment48. The chromosome mutation that occurs when a piece of one chromosome breaks off and joins to a nonhomologous chromosome is known as _____.a. Deletionb. Duplicationc. Translocationd. Nondisjunction49. Which technology can lead to the formation of a new trait?a. Frequent exposure to intense UV lightb. Asexual reproductionc. Tissue cultured. Embryo transplant50. Which of the following is the generic name for Vitamin B2?a. Thiamineb. Riboflavinc. Niacind. Pyridoxine51. Which of the following observations best demonstrates the effect of technology on the evolutionary pattern of life?a. Fossil record shows that the explosive period of evolution of birds and mammals took place only after extinction of the giant reptiles?b. Geologists and paleontologists have accumulated numerous evidences that support Alfred Wegeners theory of continental drift.c. Natural selection tends to reduce diversity in populationsd. Many insects species are now resistant to common insecticides52. What is the probability that a colorblind female will have a colorblind son?a. 1b. c. d. 53. It is the primary photosynthetic region of a leaf.a. Spongy mesophyllb. Upper epidermisc. Palisade mesophylld. Lower epidermis54. Which of the following levels of biological organization is in a decreasing order of complexity?a. Organism -> population -> biotic community -> ecosystem -> biosphereb. Biosphere -> ecosystem -> population -> biotic community -> organismc. Organism -> biotic community -> ecosystem -> population -> biosphered. Biosphere -> ecosystem -> biotic community -> population -> organism55. ATP is produced in ______.a. Fermentationb. Photosynthesisc. Aerobic respirationd. All of the above56. A hypothesis becomes a theory if it is _____.a. An improvement over a previous findingb. A result of useful inventionc. Supported by repeated evidenced. Tested in an experiment57. In an ecosystem, ______ is recycled and ______ moves in a one way path.a. Nutrient : heatb. Matter : energyc. ATP : energyd. Oxygen : food58. It is where photosynthesis occurs.a. Sclerenchymab. Collenchymac. Parenchymad. Meristem59. The following are growth changes in plants except:a. Germinationb. Stem elongationc. Leaf enlargementd. Increase in root diameter60. What is the complementary strand of RNA with a base sequence of GAG CTA?a. CAG CTTb. CTC GATc. CUC GAUd. CTG AAG61. The following provides a respiratory surface except:a. Gills of a fishb. Body surface of earthwormc. Body surface of grasshopperd. Skin of a frog62. It connects bone to bone.a. Cartilageb. Ligamentc. Tendond. Fibrous63. Which of these is an adaptation for absorbing digested food in mans tube?a. Cardiac sphincterb. Colonc. Hemoglobind. Villus64. Which of the following organism is classified as monocot?a. Bamboob. Carrotc. Radishd. Turnips65. Which of the following is an example of homeostasis?a. We yawn when we see someone else yawn.b. The epiglottis sometimes fails to close the glottis while drinking water.c. We breathe faster and deeper during and after an exercise.d. During a very hot day, some prefer cold water to cold soft drink.66. Insect and bird wings are example of _______.a. Homologous structuresb. Analogous structuresc. Vestigial structuresd. Complementary structures67. Complete this sentence: In man, blood ________.a. Cells (particularly RBC) increase in number when infection is present in bodyb. Going to the lungs has high oxygen contentc. Brings oxygen to the muscles of the heart through coronary veinsd. Never leaves the blood vessels68. Which of the following genetic disorders is a result of trisomy 21?a. Turner syndromeb. Triple X syndromec. Down syndromed. Klinefelters syndrome69. Which of the following blood proteins is NOT essential for blood clotting?a. Globulinb. Prothrombinc. Thromboplastinogend. Fibrinogen70. Which of the following genetic disorders is an X-linked recessive?a. Hemophilia Ab. Vitamin D- resistant ricketsc. Sickle cell anemiad. Marfan syndrome71. Which of the following is NOT a metabolic waste?a. Carbon dioxideb. Uric acidc. Sucrosed. Urea72. It is a stage of death where the dead body becomes stiff and difficult to move.a. Pallor mortisb. Algor mortisc. Rigor mortisd. Livor mortis73. Why is the liver said to play a major role in excretion?a. It regulates the amount of glucose in the blood by converting the excess into glycogen.b. It produces bile that emulsifies fat.c. It regulates the amount of amino acids in the blood by converting the excess into urea.d. Old and worn out RBCs are broken down in the liver; most of the iron from hemoglobin goes back to the bone marrow.74. It describes the role and space that an organism occupies in a certain ecosystem.a. Nicheb. Habitatc. Symbiosisd. Predation75. The hypothalamus controls the following EXCEPT:a. Emotionsb. Blood pressurec. Sppechd. Body temperature76. Coral reefs are made up of ______.a. Calcium carbonateb. Calcium bicarbonatec. Calcium phosphated. Calcium silicate77. What is the functional unit of the nervous system?a. Brainb. Neuronc. Spinal cordd. Nerves78. These are areas where freshwater merge with the ocean.a. Riversb. Streamsc. Estuariesd. Wetlands79. These hormones are mostly proteins EXCEPT:a. Prolactinb. Insulinc. Growth hormoned. Progesterone80. Steppes- Asia : _______-South Americaa. Havannasb. Savannasc. Prairiesd. Pampas81. Which of these areas has a pivot joint?a. Between two vertebraeb. Between bones of the skullc. Between the atlas and axisd. At the shoulder girdle.82. What is the general shape of Vibrio cholera bacteria?a. Coccusb. Bacillusc. Spirald. Colony83. The exact location occupied by a gene along the length of a chromosome is called _____.a. Locusb. Telomerec. Chromatidd. Centromere84. Which of the following statement differentiates dicot from a monocot?a. Dicot has a fibrous root system while monocot has tap root system.b. Dicot has a circular arrangement of vascular tissues while monocot has a scattered arrangement.c. Dicot has a parallel veins while monocot has a netted or reticulate veins.d. Dicot consists of a multiple of 3 floral arrangement while monocot has 4 or 5.85. Which of the following is the correct sequence in which stages of mitosis occur?a. Prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphaseb. Metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophasec. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophased. Telophase, metaphase, anaphase, prophase86. Which metabolic pathway occurs both in fermentation and aerobic respiration?a. Glycolysisb. Krebs Cyclec. Electron Transport Chaind. Acetyl coenzyme A formation87. The type of cell division that produces gametes and prepares the organism for fertilization during sexual reproduction is called _____.a. Mitosisb. Meiosisc. Cytokinesisd. Karyokinesis88. During Krebs Cycle, how many ATP are being produced?a. 2 ATPb. 4-6 ATPc. 18 ATPd. 24 ATP89. It involves the alignment of double-stranded chromosomes at the equatorial plate.a. Telophaseb. Metaphasec. Anaphased. Prophase90. Under optimum conditions, how many ATPs per glucose molecule are produced in aerobic respiration?a. 2 ATPb. 4 ATPc. 32-34 ATPd. 36-38 ATP91. Which reproductive structure is a specialized leaf?a. Rhizome of a gingerb. Sucker of bananac. Tuber of potatod. Bulb of onion92. He is a zoologist who contributed to the development of Cell Theory.a. Rudolf Virchowb. Theodor Schwannc. Matthias Schleidend. Louis Pasteur93. What parts of a flower are directly involved in sexual reproduction?a. Stamen and sepalsb. Pistil and stamenc. Pistil and petalsd. Petals and pollen grains94. It refers to the evolutionary relationships and sequences of group of organisms.a. Speciationb. Recombinationc. Phylogeneticd. Genetic variation95. Where does fertilization take place in humans?a. Oviductb. Ovaryc. Placentad. Uterus96. Which of the following classes belongs to the Division Angiospermophyta?a. Magnoliopsidab. Pinophytac. Gnetophytad. Cycadophyta97. This hormone promotes the growth of the uterine lining for implantation of the embryo.a. Progesteroneb. Prolactinc. Androgend. Oxytocin98. Which of the following differentiates aerobic respiration from fermentation?a. The process uses up ATPb. Glucose is used as a substratec. Substrate- level phosphorylation produces ATPd. NADH goes through the electron transport chain99. What is the correct way of embryonic development in humans?a. Zygote -> blastula -> gastrula -> organ formationb. Zygote -> organ formation -> blastula -> gastrulac. Zygote -> gastrula -> blastula -> organ formationd. Zygote -> gastrula -> organ formation -> blastula100. It is the site of electron transport chain (ETC).a. Matrixb. Inner mitochondrial membranec. Outer mitochondrial membraned. Cytoplasm101. It is the trait that was not expressed.a. Alleleb. Dominantc. Recessived. Gene102. In the Central Dogma, the synthesis of mRNA based on a DNA template thru base pairing is known as _______.a. Replicationb. Transcriptionc. Protein synthesisd. Translation103. All of the following molecules are proteins EXCEPT:a. Collagenb. DNAc. Enzymesd. Hemoglobin104. Which of the following is an example of artificial propagation?a. Graftingb. Pollen germinationc. External fertilizationd. Embryonic development105. These are factors manipulated or intentionally varied by the experimenter.a. Independent variableb. Dependent variablec. Control variabled. Variable106. A weather disturbance in the western part of the Atlantic Ocean.a. Typhoonb. Cyclonec. Blizzardd. Hurricane107. The following diseases results from Vitamin D deficiency EXCEPT:a. Osteomalaciab. Ricketsc. Scurvyd. None of the above.108. It is the enzyme that unwinds DNA molecule during replication.a. Helicaseb. RNA Polymerase Ic. DNA ligased. Primase109. Red tide is caused by _______.a. Dinoflagellatesb. Red algaec. Diatomsd. Protozoans110. It is a concentrated form of energy that can be found in living organism.a. Carbohydratesb. Fatsc. Proteinsd. Nucleic acid111. He is considered as the Father of Classical Genetics.a. Anton van Leeuwenhoekb. Gregor Mendelc. Matthias Scleidend. Louis Pasteur112. A type of symbiosis where both organisms are benefited.a. Mutualismb. Commensalismc. Parasitismd. Neutralism113. When you eat rice, what role are you playing in the food web?a. Producerb. Primary consumerc. Secondary consumerd. Decomposer114. What type of bond does NaCl represents?a. Ionic bondingb. Covalent bondingc. Metallic bondingd. Nuclear bonding115. If humans and gorillas belong to the same class, then, they must also belong to the same:a. Familyb. Genusc. Orderd. Phylum116. The middle of 1700s is marked by a number of contributions in the field of Biology. Who was the famous Swedish taxonomist who classified living organisms into two kingdoms?a. Anton van Leeuwenhoekb. Carolus Linnaeusc. Joseph Priestlyd. Lazarro Spanllanzani117. Metabolic reactions that result from the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler compounds.a. Endothermicb. Catabolismc. Exothermicd. Anabolism118. Which is not a solution?a. Seawaterb. Gravelc. Brassd. Tincture of iodine119. Which of the following is a major characteristic of Meiosis I?a. Pairing of homologous chromosome.b. Splitting of centromere.c. Production of primordial cells.d. Reduction of DNA from 2n to n120. Why do producers occupy the base of energy pyramid?a. They are great in number.b. Their biomass is greatest.c. Their chloroplasts makes them photosynthetic.d. They have the greatest amount of energy available.121. What will happen to the organisms of the third trophic level if the second level is eliminated?a. Dieb. Survivec. Reproduce mored. Occupy the second trophic level122. Which shows entropy?a. Plant propagation in forestb. Maintenance of body temperaturec. Polar caps meltingd. Usage of food for organisms survival123. Nitrogen fixation is used to trap nitrogen gas from the atmosphere. It is important in the nitrogen cycle. Which is NOT used in nitrogen fixation?a. Azotobacterb. Salmonellac. Rhizobiumd. Anabaena124. Viruses reproducea. In living cellsb. On dead organic matterc. In watersd. In blood plasma125. These are solutions from killed or weakened virus that can cause artificial immunity to certain diseases.a. Antibioticb. Antiviralc. Vaccinesd. Pathogens126. Bony fishes belongs to this group.a. Osteichthyesb. Chondrichthyesc. Echinodermatad. Mollusca127. It is a plant hormone that stimulates cell elongation, regulates branching and organ bending.a. Cytokininsb. Gibberelinsc. Auxind. Ethylene128. A food web is a network of interacting:a. Food chainsb. Consumersc. Habitatsd. Producers129. It is substance measured in blood samples:a. Fructoseb. Glucosec. Sucrosed. Glycogen130. It is the sweetest of all sugars.a. Glucoseb. Fructosec. Lactosed. Sucrose131. He discovered the mechanism of human blood circulation.a. Sir Alexander Flemingb. William Harveyc. Joseph Listerd. Louis Pasteur132. Food manufacturing using the energy stored in inorganic molecules.a. Chemosynthesisb. Autotrophicc. Photosynthesisd. Heterotrophic133. The Theory of Biogenesis by Virchow states that:a. All living things are made up of cells.b. The cell is the fundamental unit of lifec. Cells come from preexisting cells.d. Cells undergoes division to ensure species perpetuation.134. Which organisms show colonial in structure?a. Diatomsb. Euglenac. Volvoxd. Amoeba135. Out of 20 amino acids, how many are essential?a. 9b. 10c. 11d. 12136. The lowest level at which evolution operates is thea. Cellb. Genusc. Organismd. Population137. The largest category in the hierarchy of classification is the _____.a. Kingdomb. Phylumc. Classd. Order138. The locomotory structure of amoeba is ______.a. Ciliab. Flagellatec. Pseudopodiad. They are nonmotile.139. Dicots are characterized by having a ______.a. Tap root systemb. Scattered vascular bundlec. Parallel veinsd. Multiple of 3 floral arrangement140. Sponges belongs to Phylum ______.a. Cnidarianb. Poriferac. Platyhelminthesd. NematodeFor numbers 141-143, tell which of the following scientific traits is being described:a. Decision makingb. Truthfulnessc. Critical thinkingd. Problem solving141. Admitting errors in the experiment142. Analyzing arguments143. Analyzing courses of action144. Which is the correct sequence of events in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants?I- Development of gametesII- FertilizationIII- Fruit developmentIV- PollinationV- Seed germinationa. I-II-III-IV-Vb. I-IV-II-V-IIIc. I-IV-II-III-Vd. III-V-I-II-IV145. Mitochondria and nuclear membrane are NOT present in cells or organisms belonging to Kingdom _______.a. Fungib. Monerac. Protistsd. ArcheaFor numbers 146-150, study the problem below then answer the succeeding questions.Pedro was asked to design an experiment. The task was to test the effect of artificial fertilizer to the growing plants. He came up with this experimental design. He had Brand A, B, and C for fertilizers. On the other hand, he had mongo plant, corn plant and rice plant. To the mongo plant, he put 1 tbsp of Brand A fertilizer. To the corn plant, he put 2 tbsp of Brand B fertilizer and 3 tbsp of Brand C fertilizer.146. What is the control group?a. The mongo plant with 1 tbsp Brand A fertilizer.b. The corn plant with 2 tbsp Brand B fertilizer.c. The rice plant with 3 tbsp Brand C fertilizer.d. Not enough information.147. What is the dependent variable?a. The effect of fertilizers to the plants.b. The amount of fertilizers administered to the plants.c. The brand of fertilizers.d. The type of plants.148. Is there any defect in the design?a. Yes, there is, but was compensated with the use of three types of fertilizers.b. Yes, there is, there are many defects in the design.c. No, the design answers the problem about the effect of fertilizers.d. No, the design is crafted in a simple manner.149. What is defective with Pedros design?a. There was no problem to be solve.b. The materials used are measured inconsistently.c. There are many independent variables.d. There is no testable hypothesis.150. How can the experimental design be improved?I- Focus on one independent variable for a single problem.II- Use the same brand of fertilizer.III- Make sure that the administration of fertilizer be measured accurately according to the design.a. I onlyb. I and IIc. I and IIId. I, II and IIIGod bless you!smile emoticon