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IntroductionI t s, w bs wi

itst i s, b sitists

th xts s w s b wh ii mk s f it. M, tis fs wi f fiitis xttis, fti th if fifft hishi iti is. Fmst f s, s is ssti t f if, bi s tsis. B fsi th ihbitts,s b st s stith sti bk f if.

Th stti-it f th xti fsbti stti, .. tis

mtis, f s ws iiiiststi, i t th qstis hw wh htis ti s s

“ss”.M st mks s f iiiist

sti t i isihts it th w iwhih mis f t ssb th wh i thi. Thf, it isfmt t st tht th sbts’ti is ti f s mist ss. Th imt f th sb-ti h s h is tht it fss ttti th xi f s

s w s th stti f ss smbi imt. Ths s

SuBjecTIve conSTrucTIon oF

landScapeS In everyday lIFe:caSe STudy oF a poST-MInInglandScape

Monika Micheel

libiz Istitt f ri ghShst. 9, 04328 lizi

[email protected]

Key words: subjective construction, everyday experience, notions of landscape, qualitative

interviews

Th t hs b wi itst i s bth i mi -miiss. ntis f s wi f fiitis xttis. Th fsf this is th sbti sttis f s t i isiht it th w m-is f t ss b th wh i thi.Th sts f qitti f-t-f itiws with wh xi ifft -

ss i if wi b isss. Th fs wi b st-mii s whihhs b sbt t mti ttis i t s. It b ssm tht tis ttibtis f siifi ti its wh hs th iii’s if. Th im f th is t sti f ’s sbti -stti f s.



185

SuBjecTIve conSTrucTIon oF landScapeS In everyday lIFe:

caSe STudy oF a poST-MInIng landScape

m b thht f s s w s th f , with bth mti stti sts.

This hs tw mi its f -

t. Fist, I wish t st sm thhtsm sh is bs , i.. is -hs t s sh fm mtit stti -stti.S, I wi bif ti sm hishi- iis xi xi fs. Fsi th ifms wi ttti t bth “i” “i” ss. Bs ths ssmtis, mii st ws

t t sh th wss f whts ms, m th s mis ttibt t it.

Conceptual approaches tolandscape

I t h, i ti f-wi c S th Bk sh fs stis, s hs b t-iti fi s th t f it-

tis btw t itis ttis (S, 1996). Fm th 1920s, sh ws imi withhw tsfm th th. cts bk th ws hsi mt-i it, imi ft bti.Sbsqt, sm mis tk thhm imiti ti it -t, sii s mt -stt th th w f hsi fts

tht b mii ss -sib (.. lwth, 1961; T, 1974).It ws di lwth wh fist istit“th ti btw th w tsi th its i hs” (lwth, 1961,241).

Hft, th nw ct ghf th 1980s -itt -thiss s stti, s smbf smthi th th s th m

itsf. Si th, s stis hisss s s “si stt”,

mki s f tm i b pt B Thms lkm (1967). lsis w st s t f sifit s mis sti fm

iii, istitti sit -sss, s im, stti sti. Fthm, it ws iti tht tishi btw th wf si s th mti i-tis mst b tk it sti. aist thisbk, stis h fss sm-bi mis f ss, mhsisi,f ist, sts f w, si itit,, i- xsi, ths t b -

s b ms f ittti is-si, stti hs (.. cs-, 1998 [1984]; cs dis,2002 [1988]; d d, 1988;rs, 1993).

M, m t hsh itiis th titi ts f -t-t tis — iii ss it bti fts, th h, s f sbti mi, th th.

Th tht s sh t sim- b s s st f bsb mtit fts. Ist, sh sh sfs th qitis f s — “-s s mii f t tis s” (Wi, 2007, 5).

rt wk s i hm -h ihbi isiis hsstt tki s k t tis, i..th ws this i s (M-

im et al., 2008). Iitit b ni Thift(2007), th hs b shift tws -stti hs. Ths stis— whs h hs s b tmhmi fmti — itiisth w fs smbi mi mit isss (nm, 2011).Ist, th sst tki -tis, hbits, tis t. it t, shs wki, i wki th

(.. B gh, 2010; css-w, 2003).



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Landscape in everyday life — ordinarypeople and ordinary landscapes

Fsi “i” , sbti-it f si ts i if th

xi f ss h i-si i imt. Sbtistti i if is w sith st f ittti ssbs s xi kw.

S f, ft th t t f th1980s, sh ss s s biiis hs b t mi fmth sti f mis, s itiis, ii th hm s

it sttis. Ths, i thi xi f sh ft b t. oi th tht ihbit wk i thss whih tis i f wk,i, wki th , i th t.

Fsi “i” ss i-mi ms hi s k t th sitsf if. a i th 1950s, jh

B. jks ttmt t x ’s -ts with s. H “ t tht f s … b witi fm thisi iti t th smbi m-is whih is fm si if i tihi sttis” (cs, 1998, 34).M, jks stbish th ti fwht h th s, thh f s i-fkshitt. I i s, h f t “th

w f hss, s, s … th , i-hbit w f ths wh jks sw si amis” (Wi, 2007, 43).

M stti it is s s th s-is f , thi i-mt. Fm this it f iw, s isth s ihbit wk i(f. cssw, 2003). This is t st thihbitt’s it f iw i i tm s.

Landscape phenomenologyexmii th sbti stti

f s, I f t hmiis i t is th w s it is

xi b ths imms i it. Thmhsis f hmi thhts ms m shift tws m miih t s. I its mst bsifm, hm ttmts t tiitis f th bti st f tiss s sbti: sisss xis sh s ti, thht,mt, mm, imiti, mtit. ati this h, I w ik t

w ttti t th sbti xi fth iii, m th w imtis i, itt mti,s s.

Th k i f m h iitsfm af Shütz — s th f- f th si f kw. Shützim tht kw is i fm -’s ti xi f th w. Hths th f mi -

ti, stti with th iii’s siswss withi th itsbti m fth “t ttit” (Hss, 1913). dw-i em Hss’s wk, Shütz his fw Thms lkm th “Stts f th lif-W”, itit th f th sbt’s tis itttis f th if-w (Shütz lkm, 1975). Fmt isf th t ttit with th i

s wh qstis ith th xif it th mi f this. H shts mti i tks th b-ts — t si — f t. Thsbt s his/h w b s th stt-i it f bi, whih i t fiittsth iii’s sti itti. Th -tis f bi-i-th-w mbimt th bsis f xi fmtt hmi thht. Th sbt’s

fi i its xi f it mihtb qsti wh hs fft



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if, .. b th ss f fmii sis.Th xi th hs t b stiis itt wh .

I t i ss t sbti x-

is f s, I m qit-ti sh mth. Fist f , s st-is w i t f ti xmiti;s, qitti itiws w t- f sti ’s tis,mis, fis mtis is.

The case study of a post-mininglandscape

Th mii sh is bs s st h i t ists f ss s w s fmt sts. Th s stish b hs f ti xmitif si xms (i s stis,f. Fb, 2011). Th ss wst t thi hs i fti,

si s i th s f th sts. It is ssm tht tis ttibtis f siifi tiits wh hs th th iii’s

if, .. xii th ss ffmii sis.

Th s st t b t i thfwi is st-mii s, mis fm im mii sit rb i th gm f stt fThii wh im mii h tk f s. Th sit ws hs i t xmi th ws f fi s mis t i hi s.

Th i h mks iiis mw f thi s, si thti f this w s mtswith mmis f th is s. dt its hs i fti, si s th st s, th st-mii sis xm f mti ttis th f -fii th .

Fig. 1. Ronneburg old town and new “balcony”, 2009



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Fig. 2. The New Landscape Ronneburg 2009: landfill and “WISMUT” lettering remind of

the mining

Fig. 3. Gessen valley 2009: reconstruction of the former valley along a newly created hill-

side which refers to benches of the open-pit mine



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rb is sm tw st f thit f g i Thii. Fm stw, it bm th s f is -im i th c W . r b th S-

it–gm mii m WISMuT, im sits w xit f th S-it mm fm 1952 t 1990.I ft, rb ws th mst imttsit f th Sit im ti s sh hih-sit t ssibt th bi. aft gm ifiti, thmis w s w 31 dmb1990.

T, th fm mii hs mst

b st. WISMuT bm fmt-w m i h fth mt f th sit, its ii tskbi th mmissii, hbiitti f th . a w shs b si b t i -sss. F this, th xhst mis wt it fis f iss f siwst. a ws stt (Fis. 1,2 3), w bi ws bit w

mti ws sh, i.. wst k i hih th th t his it(Fi. 2). Fm i it f iw, ths’s sh is mt th siths b t it k. Th miw s ws m “n lshftrb” (nw ls rb), i 2007 th gm f - xhibiti ws h th sit.

Everyday experience oflandscape: Empirical findings

dwi hmi is,th si sitist hs t -i stifiti f his/h bsi iws th w him/hsf. Thf, thsh is t t s s s s-sib t wht th tiits xi-i, thi tis, mis, fis mtis i s: “phm-

ms tht w sk t is thw s it is xi b ths i

i it. It is bt th t f hm x-i th mi tht ttht thi xis” (Wis, 2002). Thbsi it f qitti sh is t t

bhi stitt mi. Thf, thmmiti btw th sh sh tiit is i fsti ’s xis.

I smm 2009, th th f -sh ssistts itiw 60 iiisbt wht s mt t thm. Thitiws w t t ifft si th tw. Th itiwst thi w st i thi w ws. I

th ii-bs itiws, th fqstis ss t t i-s s tims: ihbit ss,hih ss, ti -ss ss f ms. Hw,th mi fs ws th s t thsit f th itiw, whi mti f thss h t ft th tiwh tki bt xis.

I t s th qitti t,

itiws w tsib th txtth hmti xmi b qi-tti tt sis (f. Mi, 2010).Th mti ws s th fw-i k sh qstis:n Wht is ‘s’ i if?n Wht s ‘s’ m i

if?n Hw i t t thi

sis/imt?

n Hw th t ss f s?

A traditional perception of landscapeo, th s sts shw

titi ti f itti t-ws s s mt .Th k it h is tht s ts ti i — -m i smws sti. This i is ssit withtqiit bt. I -stbish

-t ss, s is isfm f sti kw tht mhsiss



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th i f th itsq, t ths th st. I th s f thitiws, tis f mtiism w -tit, mst mm b imiit -

i , -m -isti wsf if. Th titi tti xssss mis f ss sh sbt, tss tqiit s w ssiti tms ik ‘btif’, ‘’

‘mzi’. yt t th t si,th w s is s htis s‘m-m’ ‘tifii’. Th gm -ti mst ft ttibt t s is

‘shö’ (btif, i). This is t sisisi ‘shö’ is th bst sitb w t -sib s siti, s msttb gh H i his st s (H, 1970). Hw, th

Table 1. Concepts of landscapes according to statements of the respondents(survey in summer 2009)

Concepts oflandscapes

Topoi Narratives

I ls ist

‘’,vegetation (‘owers’,

‘ts’ ‘fst’),if (‘ws’ s.‘his’)

mths f tss;‘’ s iit ftt t

II ls ist bit-

‘wi ss’ s.‘biis’,’tqiit’ ’fss’,’sit’

ti t tw t mifstt,t mh is wst/ ti;t m

III ls isti

’tqiit’,’bt’,’hm’

mhsis th s;mti th s fti, bt hm

Iv ls isitit

‚Heimat’ (hm),smbs, mks

mt stti fbi t

v ls is fmm

hih,wki if,his

mti thixis;mtiisi hih

vI ls isi

bs bis, ms

typication of landscape

fts;wi bs mi thi

vII ls is tft

bt f i si, hbiitti,

bsiss mt,mkti

bt whih b bit bit st ik bii;

iti f imt



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st-mii s is t ws i-t s ‘shö’ i tms f sthti qit.It th ms “it hs bm ‘shö’”, im-i tht “th sitti hs im”, s

‘shö’ h ms ‘’: “Th h b. nw, it is t -thi hs bm s btif. I fms, w h thi. W i’t kwwh t f wk” (fm, 65 s).

Underlying concepts of landscapesTh itiws h b s t

itif th i ts: I whihtxts ws s mti

whih tis w s wh fi t it?exmii th itiws’ b ms f tt sis, is -ts f s m, th fwibi th mst siifit.1

Principles of subjective constructionTh bfit f th hmi

thht si h is tht it fss ttti th sbti stti

f s s smbi imt thth s t s.

Th s sts hw iii-s tk s t kw xi- s bsi ii f thi sbtistti i if. This bmssi it wh hs fft if. exis f s th h t bstiis itt.

Th t si st-mii

s sti shws fts f its istist is mmis f stti sw s f thii m. dsit bs f this t hist, -it th ffts tht h b m thbiitt th s.

o itiws’ sttmts s shwtht th ti f th w smts with tis f th fm i-sti s. Sifi s m-

is ssi t s bm it,si wh imssis ims f

th s m t th -ss. F this s, th m-m st-mii s b i s ti mis t fm imt m-

. ci th st s, -ti is mts h bm imttsi th st t tss,.. ‘’, ‘fws’, ‘ts’, ‘fst’ (c-t I, Tb 1). as mtt f ft, ‘t’is th w mst ft s s sm f‘s’ i gm (.. lhm, 2003, 148): “Th is th-i tifii bs thi is t”(fm, 45 s). o, s sit, wh

hs b ii i th i f his if,t it: “I f mftb. lki t th , I f tht it is smthi hth.Tht’s bs thi mis f thim mii” (m, 59 s).

Bsis th i hthiss, sf bt hm ssi t thw si s (ct III): “Im s with th s, thiks s btif“ (fm, 71 s). Whi

ths isib s, th s f-ts sh s tqiit whih b ssmti: “y wi h sm qit, thi is fi, t” (fm,61 s). Bth sttmts shw iti f qit, f . p tqiit miht s b tis t bsb ss m ifstt, s-i i th si f th iiisqt h (ct II).

ath imtt f f t i itiws is its biit tt itit (ct Iv). ls s k i th mt stti f b-i, .. i i it ‘hm’ (s B Wi, 2001). It is th mm f xis sh s h hih his tht ts siti tti-t tws s i . This st m itifi ti fts f

th st s bt s i th q-it f si tis: “Th mi it is tht



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I m t hm h, I f mftb m fis i h” (m, 59 s). Thissttmt, i b th s wh hs bii i th i f his if, miht s

iit -itti th titi -t f s, shifti it fm mti timmti s.

Hw, mti tfts ik th i- wst k is sti th iifts f th s i qsti. Thh bm mks bth f thihbitts f th i f is th b mtw a4: “a fm ist, si th mtw,

s th wst k is, kwtht w t hm” (wm, 62 s). o isib fm f, ths ish his iit hih tti fitifiti w f t s ‘twimis’ ‘bwi is’. I 2006, thw fi it th xhst mis. pwh it th si is shxss thi ismt with th h:“Th thi I ’t ik is th miti

f i mis” (m, 66 s ).Fthm, th s st shws tht

stt ttis i th hsi - i h th mis f -s miht ths t iitti iss. yt th t i is t if-ft ttit tws titi s mis. I ft, fti s’ “w”s, m th ti f sf w, stths titi it-

tis. as sib b, th itiws th , -m w ssi-t with tqiit bt. nth-ss, hs f th hsi fs m ft th t mti- t m b s s immt. g, th w sistis i st s tim. Th m tim hs ss sith itti, th hih thik f

its ffts. Ths mssi t m-mstts ik bis its b

smbi tsfm it mmts titis tht ft itt it thst ti f s.

Conclusionse xis s sti i this

th xis m b i i ss, th -ss th ihbit. ati hm-i h bs s t is thw s it is xi b ths immsi it. Ths s bms w t ii, t s t iw. a with this -sti, i ss t f th

i, ti xi qsti if. Th tk f t th is thht bt thi ht. Thhmi ti f bi-i-th-w htiss siifit st f th f ss. Th iiis mbi i thm, thi sti th ss is wht Hss w tm‘t ttit’.

I si, I w ik t tt-

ti t tw its f fth sh. Fist,I w sst fsi th f -s i xi. S,I w ik t w ttti t th iii- th imt f his/h mtiswhi xii s.

Fist, s b xmi sm thh sttis, t is s ti. Thf, fth sh shisi tk xis

tis it t i t stth sbti stti f s. Ths ‘ti f si’ ms shift fm sttis f s t-ws th i shi f s iti fmi (Wi, 2007, 166),i.. fmii isb this sh swki, i, i i.

o st-mii s s stshws tht mit f th sts tks

ss f ss t s ft. Hi bm stm t th



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w s, th t it it qs-ti. Th w s hs bm fmii st, i t. Whits f mii ishi, th w -s hs bm fmii isb: t f th i, ti xi qsti if.

S, th sbti stti fs is t bs is x-is bt is s sh b mtis fis. athh s tis tim is ttis, i ti thti f wht is tm th itsq,sh sh b fi t this

ki f si-fm iw. emti -sss m st s w fi ss(dis Smith, 2003). Hm m-tis tis ik w-bi thss f bi s w s th ssti fbi ft bhi ws t f i x-i. Thf, whi xmii th sb-ti stti f s, shsh si th f mtis, fis th sis i tis

with th is st f th mtiw. Ths it m b sf t t whtth t thist Tim I ‘wi sti’: “Th s … ist ttit tht … k at, it isth th w in whih w st i tk-i it f iw sis”(I, 2000, 207, mhsis i ii).Th, fth sh sh th tk itt tht w ws mti-

bis-i-th-w, bth s -sh s ihbitt f this w.

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Note1 This is sbti ssifiti m

b msf, bs m w kw xi f ss, s t f thittti ss.

17 monika micheel

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