1914-1918(U.S. Involvement 1917-1918)

CAUSES of WORLD WAR I

MILITARISM- build up of navies and armies to defend colonies

ALLIANCES- complicated system of “covering each other’s backs”

IMPERIALISM- race for uncolonized areas and world power- Germany wants in

NATIONALISM- extreme pride in one’s country- act in own best interest

Archduke Ferdinand's Murder in Sarajevo

The Road to War . . 12.1

Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophia are assassinated in Bosnia.

Alike in size and strength, neither side could gain an advantage, resulting in a Stalemate.

A-H blames Serbia and declares war

Russia mobilizes to defend Serbia

Ger & A-H demand Russia stop mobilization

France and Germany begin to mobilize when Russia refuses

Germany declaresWar on Russia

Germany uses the Schlieffen Plan to knock out France

By crossing thruBelgium, Germany causes GB to declareWar on Germany

THE SIDES

CENTRAL POWERS

GERMANY

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

ALLIES

GREAT BRITAIN FRANCE RUSSIA SERBIA

U.S. joins in 1917

AMERICAN RESPONSE TO THE OUTBREAK OF WAR

Chapter 12.1

Mixed Ancestral Loyalties

¼ - German Ancestry ¼ - Irish Ancestry (hate the British) Huge % of population is British

TAKE SIDES BASED ON IMMIGRATION PATTERNS

AUTOCRATIC GOVERNMENTS

Ruler with Unlimited Power Dictator or Absolute Monarch

THE CENTRAL POWERS WERE ALL AUTOCRATIC

BELGIUM Poor geographic

location 1848 treaty of

perpetual neutrality the U.S. tried to stay

neutral in European affairs

High kill rate because the Generals kept giving the order to attack .

media.maps.com/magellan/Images/BELGIU-W1.gif

OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POSITION

NEUTRAL PEACEMAKER: Trade would be disrupted GB and GER biggest trading partners

of the US German U-BOAT BLOCKADE of

Great Britain threatened shipping Most Americans opposed Germany

because of frightening militarism

PREPAREDNESS MOVEMENT (Pro-War)

National Security League organized to1. promote patriotic education2. promote nationalism3. promote service to country

Mobilization efforts begin getting readying for war1. U.S. should strengthen its armed forces

Unofficial aid to GB and Allies

PEACE MOVEMENT (Anti-War)

Take focus away from the Progressive movement and problems at home

Too expensive American Union Against Militarism Jeanette Rankin (U.S. Senate) – “no

mother could vote to send a son to war”