1923. CONGRESSION tL RECORD-HOUSE. 3915 ous and drastic steps to enforce the collection of $3,500,000,000 7337. Also, petition of the Traffic Club of New England, owed by the Government of France to the GO"rernment of the favoring the passage of the ship subsidy bill ; to the Committee United States, with intere t thereon from the time the United on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. State· advanced saicl sum to the Go1ernment of France until 7338. By Mr. DARROW: Petition of the executive committee aid sum is paid ; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. of the board of trustees of the Drexel Institute, of Philadel~

By Mr. POUTER: Joint resolution (II. J. Res. 453) re- phia, Pa., protesting against section 6 of the copyright bill que.'ting the President to urge upon the governments of certain (H. R. 11476) ; to the Committee on Patents. nations the immediate necessity of limiting the production of 7339. By Mr. FROTHINGHAM: Petition of Traffic Club of habit-forming narcotic drugs and the raw materials from which New England, urging support of the so-called ship subsidy bill; they are made to tbe amount actually required for strictly to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. medicinal and scientmc purpo es; to the •ommittee on For- 7340. By Mr .. GALLIV .A.N: Petition of 23 members of North eign Affair ·. Shore Garden Club, Ma sachusetts, favoring Senate bill 4062,

By Mr. VOLSTEAD: nesolution (H. Res. 537) for the con- for the comprehensive d~velopment of the park and playground ideration of bills reported from the Committee on the Judici- system of Washington; to the Committee on the District of Co-

arr; to the Committee on Rule . lurnbia. Al. o, resolution (II. Res. 538) for the consider~ltion of 7341. Also, petition of various organizations of Federal em-

Hou. e bills J3D27 and 1~123; to the Committee on Rules. ployees, favoring House bill 14226, providing compensation for By :\Ir. CURRY: A re ·olution (H. Res. 539) authorizing pay- . United States employees injured in the performance of their

ment of one month's ·alary to the clerkJ to the late Hon. John duties; to the Committee on the Judiciary. I. Nolan; to the Committee on Account . 7342. By Mr. KIESS: Petition of Excelsior Council, No. 4,

Sons and Daughters of Liberty, of Williamsport, Pa., relative

PTIIv ATE BILLS AND RESO~:tJTIOKS. "Gncler clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and re olutions

were introduced and se\erally referred as follows : B.,. Mr. CHIKDBL0)1: A bill (H. R. 14373) ~ranting a pen­

sion to Elizal>eth \an AJi::;tine; to the Committee on Invalid Pen ·ion . .

By :Jir. CURRY: .A bill (H. R. 14374) aufuorizing the Pre i­dent to Teappoint Maj. Harry Walter Stephen 011, United States Army .(retired), to tbe position and rank of major, Coa t Ar­tillery Corp~. ill the United States Ai·my; to the C.Ommittee on Military Affair . ·

By l\fr. FO 'HT : A bill (H. R. 14375) authorizing the Secre­tary of War to donate to tlJe town of Lewi burg, Pa., one Ger­man mortar, cannon, or :fieldpiece; to the Committee on :Military Affair .

By l\Ir. HICKEY: A Lill (H. R. 14376) granting a pen ion to Mahaley FrankHn; to the 'ommittee on Pen ·ion .

Al o, a bill (H. R. 14377) for the relief of Richard Iio"an; to the Committee on Claim ~.

By Mr. HOCH: A bill (H. R. 14378) grantinO' an increase of pension to Arminta Shinn; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­sion .~.

PETITIONS, ET . Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, petition and papers were laid'

on the Clerk' · de"k and referred as follows : 7328. By ti.le SPEAKER (by request) : Petition of city of

Chicago, favoring a bill to declare a part of the West Fork of the South Branch of the Chicago River nonnavigable; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.

7329. Also (by request), petition of William (Bob) Kennedy Post, No. 416, Veterans of Foreign Wars, New York City, N. Y., oppo ing any amendment to the present immigration law; to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization.

7330. Also (by request), petition of William (Bob) Kennedy Post, No. 416, Veterans of Foreign Wars, New York City, N. Y., requesting the President to set aside a week to be known as national antidope week; to the Committee on Way and Means.

7331. Also (by request), petition of William (Bob) Kennedy Po. t, No. 416, Veterans of Foreign Wars, New York City, N. Y., favoring Hou ·e bill 1176, providing for tbe restoration to good standing of n veteran who is now in poor physical health through clisabilitiei incurred in the service of the Government ; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

7332. By Mr. ANSORGE: Petition of Dr. Jo eph Broadman New York City, urging Congress to take steps to prevent an: other European war; to the Committee on Foreign Affair .

7333. Also, petition of the Harlem Board of Commerce New York City, urging the establishment of a national police b~reau · to the Committee on the Judiciary. '

n34. Also, petition of Men's Temple Club of the Free Syna-gogue, Washington Heights, New York City, favoring the pas­sage of the l\1cCormick bill; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

7335. By Mr. CULLEN: Petition of the General Lafayette Police Post, American Legion, No. 460, State of New York, favoring the enactment of Senate bill 1565; to the Committee on MiUtary Affairs.

7336. By l\Ir. DALLINGEJR : Petition of tlle Men's Club of the First Methodist -Episcopal Clrnrcb, of Medford, Mass. favor­ing legislation to prevent a recurrence of the prese;t coal shortage; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­merce.

to immigration legislation; to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. .

7343. By Mr. KISSEL: Petition of Paul J. Christian, repre­senting New Orleans Cotton Exchange, Washington, D. C., approYing the trading in cotton futures; to the Committee on Agriculture.

7344. Also, petition of Illinois Manufacturers' As ociation, Chicago, Ill., opposing cancellation of foreign war debts; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs.

7345. A.lso, petition of Syracuse Branch, Railway l\Iail As o­ciation, Syracuse, N. Y., favoring House bill 13136 pronding for 1oluntary retirement after 30 years of . service; to the Committee on the Po t Office and Post Roads.

73-!G. By :Mr. KRAUS: Petition of J. C. Werner and other citizen of Pula ki County, Ind., in relation to House Joint Re olution 412; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs.

7347. By Mr. LEA of California: Petition of 22 reSidents of Colusa County, Calif., favoring abolition of tax on small­arms ammunition and firearm ; to the Committee on Ways and l\Iean .

734 . By Mr. RJ.T~EY of Illinois: Petition of Medinah Temple urging the Pre"'ident to set a ide a week to be known as national antinarcotic week; to the Committee 011 Ways and ~Jean .

HOU E OF REPRESENTATIVES. mrn.n, February 18 19~3.

Tbe House met ut 12 o'clock noon. ReY. William B. Waller, of Washington, D. C., offered the fol­

lowing prayer :

Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, "ITe thank Thee that we may approach Thee confidently this morning; that we need not appease or propitiate Thee, but may trust Thee; that we need not comprehend Thee, but may accept Thee; that Thou art wait­ing to be gracious. Command Thy blessing upon us as Thou seest we may need at this time. Comfort those that mourn, giye unto them fuat be eech Thee the realization that the ever­lasting arm of the Heayenly Father are round about them. We pray for all who• are in distre. s everywhere. Let them realize the sympathy of the Lord Jesus Christ, who wept by the side of the gra-rn of Lazarus and is willlng to mingle his tears with ours and to .,peak words of resurrection, hope, ancl com­fort. Guard and ble all of us, we pray Thee. Fit us for all the privileges and respon ibilitiei for which Thou dost summon us. Let the ble · 'ing of the Sabbath rest upon our President, upon the Congress, upon all in authority in our land, that we may be a people whose God is the Lord. Bless us as we meet to pay tribute to the memory of our distinguished dead who have served well in their day and generation. And at last, when we are done serving Thee here below, recei'\"e us into glory with all the loYed ones who have gone before, and with all the redeemed of God, and we will praise Thee, Father, Son, and Spirit, in a world .without end. Amen.

THE JOUR~AL.

Mr. CR.A.GO. llir. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the reading of the Journal may be postponed until to-morrow.

The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Pennsylvania asks unanimous consent that the reading of the Journal be post­poned until to-morow. I there objection?

There was no objection.

/

3916 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. ;FEBRUARY 18,.

SPEAKER PEO TEliPORE.

The SPEAKER. The Chair will ask the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. FocHT] to preside.

Mr. FOCHT took tlle chair as- Speaker pro tempore. MEMO.RIAL EXERCISES.

The SPEAKER p1·0 tempore. The Clerk will report the special order.

The Clerk read as follows: On motion of Mr. BUTLER, by unanimous consent- · Ordered, That Sunday, February 18, 192.3, at 1.2 o'clock noon, be

set apart for addres e on the life, character, and public services of Hon. Bom.s PllNR-OSl!l_, Holl. PHILANDER c. KNOX, Hon. WILLIAY E. Cnow, late Senators rrom the State of Penn ylvania; and Bon. CHARLES R. CoKXE.LL_. late a Representative from the State of Penn.· sylvania.

Mr. CRAGO. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following resolution. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Penn­

sylvania offers a resolution which the Clerk will report. The Clerk read as follows : ·

House Resolution 540. ResoZveil, That the business of the House be · now su.pendecl, that

opportunity may be given for tributes to the memory of Hon. BOIES PlC~ROSll, Hon. PmLA.ND!lR C. K.~ox, Hon. WILLiAM E. CRow, late t;enators from the State of Pennsylvania, and Hon. CHARLES R. CoN~'ELL~ late a Member of this House trom the State of Penn­sylvania.

Resol·ve~, That as a particular mark of respect to the memory of th deceased, a.nd in recognition of tbeil· distinguished publk careers. the House at the conclusion of these exercises shall stand adjourned.

Resolved, That the Clerk e<>mmunicate these resolutions to ihe Se-nate.

Resolved, That the Clerk send copies of these resolutions to the families of the deceased.

The SPEAKER pro. tempore. The question is on agreeing to tbe resolution.

The resolution was agreed to. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Chair recognizes the gen­

tleman from Illinois [l\lr. liADDF..N].

who would have liked to see hlm retire from the Senator bip by announcing his candidacy for Senator and deciding to make. a campaign throughout the State before the people. He made the most wonderful campaign that has ever been made by any man for this great office. I talked with him one day and a ked him how he liked campaigning from town to town among the people. He said he really enjoyed it; that there was only one danger connected with the work. He was required to speak a great many times every day, and the danger that he aw was that be might come to like the music of his own voice and get into the habit of speaking oftener than he thought occasion might require. But after the campaign was over he had the good sense not to continue campaign speeches on the floor of the Senate. He spoke when occasion required, when the bu i­ness of the Nation called for speech.

He was one of the greatest organizers the Nation has ever known. He had the confidence of those who were associated with him to a more 'marked degree than any other man I ever knew. The ·organization of the Republican Party in Pennsyl­vania under his leadership was impTegnable. It spoke the \Oice of the people. It advocated clean government. It advocated things that were of interest to the people of the State. The best manifestation of the fact that it did so was the continued confidence in which that organization was held. PENBOSE wus a lovable character, not always easy of approach, but to tho e who knew him best he was a man of kindly spirit who had charitable views. He was modest, unassuming, retiring in his disposition, contrary to the general conception of what great leadership means. He devoted his life almost exclusively to the upbuilding of the Republican Party within his State and throughout the Nation. He could afford to do this, because he was a man of wealth. He had no ulterior purpose. There was no reason why he should have. He devoted his time, his genius, hi knowledge, his exper:ience, his wealth to the well-being of the Nation. He was a towering figure in every national Repulr Hean convention. It was not neces"ary for Mr. PENROSE to be

Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, I first met B01.Es PE!-.""BOSE in present to wield the influence, for his organization was so true to 1893. He was tall, ered, athletic, intellectual-a perfect speci- . what he wanted that his word was law. Whether that word was men of physical and mental manhood. I knew Philadelphia pa sed from a distance or on the ground, it made no difference. and Philadelphians very well in those days. I happened to be He was a marvelous legislator. He was constantly on gu:ud, in Philadelphia that year, when the leader of the Republican constant in his attendance on the ses ions of the Senate, ex­Pa.rty in Pennsylvania, Senator Matthew Stanley Quay, had eept during his late illness. You always found him at work; proposed Boms PENBoSE as a candidate for mayor of the city. bis devotion was unselfish to a great cause. He was a friend Those favoring the mayoralty candidacy of l\Ir. PENROSE wore upon whom one might always rely. His passing away il'om in the lapels of their coats a pen with an artificial rose at- the activities of this life was a great shock to his friends and tacbed. That was the insignia of their friendship and support to the Nation. It was a great loss to the Republican Party, of his candidacy. One of Mr. PENROSE's friends attached one !illd a great loss to the people of Pennsylvania. He had a of these insignia to the lapel of my coat. I was in the city mind as clear as the daylight sun. He was clear in his ex­for a few days, and I called on one of those opposition leaders pressions; he was vitriolic sometimes in what he had to ay, who was a friend of mine. He said: "You are associating with but never radical on any subject. He always had a ready the losing crowd. PENROSE is not to be the mayor of Phila- reply for anything that might be said by an opponent. He delphia. I would advise you to get into the band wagon." stood as a bulwark of national honor. He believed in the Na­The gentleman to whom I refer was Dave Lan~, a power in tion in its present and its future, and he always advocated those days and every other day while he lived. It turned out legislation caleulated to make for a greater A.mel'ica. He b~ that the prophecy of M.r. Lane was true. Mr. PE...~ROSE did not lieved that it was a wonderful thing to be an American, and become the mayor of Philadelphia, but shortly after that ha he always acted on that belief. He thought that the most won­became the Senator f1·om Pennsylvania in the Senate of the derful privilege that could come to a man was to be a citizen United States. of the United States. He thought that was the great privi~

The leadership of l\fr. Quay was recognized all over the lege. He always realized that it carried with it the greatest Union. It was thought that when he passed away it would be responsibility, and in the exercise of the responsibility placed hard to fill his place, but l\Ir. PE~OSE filled it to the full, upon him under his privileges of citizenship he was true to better than it had ever been filled before in Pennsylvania, every national ideal. He thought it was more worth while to which always had great leaders. Mr. ]?El\""BOSE graduated at be a citizen in the humblest walks of American life than to be the head of his college class. No two men who ever served in the greate t ruler of any other nation. He believed that it was the Senate of the United States had a better classical educa- a wonderful thing for everybody here, and he acted upon that tion than PENROSE and Quay. Neither one of them was an belief, to live in a land where every citizen is a sovereign and orator. That does not mean that they could not speak, but they where every man, woman, and child is free to worship God were wonderful workers. They were great Senators. They according to the dictate of his own conscience-a land whose attracted nation-wide attention. They had more power within inventions lead the world, where the printing press and the the boundaries of their State and throughout the Nation than church follow close upon the march of empires, where labor is any other two men that I have known in the Senate during exalted to comfortable homes, whe1·e caste i ignored, where the history of my experience. · the humblest child of poverty may aspire unrebuked to the

enator PENROSE was a student, mainly a student of the highest place in the gift of the Nation. finances of the Nation. He afterwards became chairman of the He realized, as I have heard him say, more than any othe1· F inance Committee of the Senate. He was recognized as an man could that the men from the worn-out monarchies as the authority on all tariff matters and matters of finance. He was result of the great World War came to realize that the noblest a potential factor in shaping the financial policy of the country. trend of human progress lies in the direction of a republic. He He rarely spoke, but when he did everybody recognized that realized that in this supreme land the best of the human race \vhat he said was authoritative. I remember his first cam- . mii;b.t find expression, while it was bound to win the acknowl· paign for reelection after the amendment to the Con titution edgrnent that America, under a f1·ee government, outstripped which required Senators, to be elected by popular vote. It was the world. thought on every hand that PE~sE would not become a can- I He al o realized, as I have heard him express it, that with a didate before the people; that his best qualification was to proper degree of devotion and unselfishness. and patriotism in manipulate the members of the legislature, who had theretofore the minds and hearts of tho e who from time to time occupy elected the Senators; but he disappointed a great many of those · high official places in the Nation's council and supported by a

1923. OONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. 3917 united, patriotic, unselfish, devoted people that America was bound to live. forever to emphasize the life and strength of this the greatest of all republics.

l\.fr. PENROSE was a great American ; he believed in the things that I ha·rn just described to an extent greater than that of any other man that I ever knew. He believed that the safety of the Nation lies. in the pattlotic devotion of the people, in their con­tinued unselfish practice of true Americanism, and 1n their willingne~s to fight while they are here to protect and preserve and perpetuate American institutions so that they- may be handed down to be preserved and applauded by the generations who are to people this continent in the age.s .to come.

Mr. MONDELL. Mr. Speaker, those who knew Borns PEN­ROSE best and recall his many virtues will, I think, agree with me that among those virtues perhaps the most conspicuous were the qualities of fair and square dealing, steadfastness of pur-po e, and unwavering courage. .

I became acquainted with our departed friend during my service in the Fifty-sixth Oongress, but I did not come to know him well until somewhat later, and in connection with questions of tariff and tariff revision. He was a stanch and stalwart and unwavering believer in the doctrine of a protective tariff, not in a proteetive tariff for Pennsylvania or for the East alone, but for the country-North, South, East, and West-and he was not less insistent upon having a schedule which applied to the· South or West square in its provisions with the protected policy than he was in the case of a schedule relating to products pro-­duced or utilized in the sectfun in which he lived.

I witnessed a striking illustration. of this steadfast adherence to principle and policy during hearings in connection. with the consideration of the Payne-Aldrich tariff bill. An item of very great importance to the West and the Southwest was under consideration before the Senate- committee. Some members of the committee were inclined to the view that the treatment of that particular schedule in the manner urged by the West would be criticized and might, indirectly at least, be harmful to certain interests in the East~ some of them ID. Pennsylvania. It was Senator PENROSE who, in a fe.w w01·ds, quietly but quite decisively spoken, settled tbe question. To him it was merely a question as to whether what was proposed squared with the principle and the policy to which he adhered. It it did, then that principle and that policy could only be sustained, could only be justified by doing the thing that squared with its fair and national application.

It was the first opportunity I had had to witne s the Senator from Pennsylvania in action at w crucial time in defen e of a principle or policy that might be- temporarily or locally un­popular, but it revealed the man as I knew him from that time on-a follower of the principle he espoused without trim­ming or hesitation; a champion: of the fair deal, a man of sound judgment and of unfailing- courage.

Senator PENROSE, like all men who rise to positions o:f promi­nence and who have- great responsibilities laid up.on. them, was the subject of severe and~ I regret to say, unfair and unreason­able criticism. Such isl the price of prominence. He who drifts with the tide, shifts with the wind, and has an ear accutely attuned to temporw:y or local clamor may, for a time, enjoy much superficial public approval, but his accomplishments in the public interests will be small and his memory fleeting. Those who stand firm and steadfast in defense- of principle, in adherence to policies to which they have given their faith, in conscientious discharge of public duty and responsibility, are certain to be unfairly and unjustly criticized and are likely to be nllfied and abused. Thia' is- the unfailing rule, the one that has no exceptions, and all who are placed in positions of re­sponsibility must accept it as an inevitable accompaniment of power and of responsible station.

Boms PENROSE was a splendid produe.t of his people, his State, an<l his country. Ile was alnong the comparatively few who in any time or generation a1·e worthy to. be classed and to be remembered as statesmen. He looked the part, he acted the part, he towered above the average man in will and strength of purpose as he towered above them in his magnificent physi­c l frame. He was a giant among men in every way-in stature, in intellect, in will power, ill strength of purpose, and in courage. He performed a great service to his State and to the Nation. He had strong opposition; he was the victim of severe criticism; but, above it all, he stood a splendid and stal­wart figure who will be long remembered as one of the master minds of his day.

l\.Ir. RANKIN. l\Ir. Speaker, some one has referred to those friendships which spr"ing up- between members of different political atfiliation'S in tlRs House as the flowers that overhang

the walls of party politics. Some of those flowers wither and die of neglect, some of them are blighted by the frosts of time, some are seared and even consumed in the fires of heated partisan debate, while others live to· shed their fra-grance even beyond the tomb. ·

The latter has been the case with those flowers of friend­ship which sprang up between the Hon. CHARLES R. CoNNELL and myself during the short period of our services together in the House as coworkers on the Committee on Pensions.

We sat side by side, and I have never known a man who impressed me more for the short time we were together than did this distinguished son of Pennsylvania. He was ever mind­ful in his duty to the American taxpayers; be was ever mind­ful of the condition of the Public Treasury, while at the same time he never turned a deaf ear to those whose services to their country in times of war rendered them deserving of the Nation's gratitude and the Nation's care in times of peace.

Entertaining widely divergent views on economic and political questions as we did, he being a northern Republican and I a southern Democrat, yet during the discussion of those matters about which we differed I have often observed that his care­ful consideration for the feelings of those who did not agree with- him, his painstaking regard for those amenities which govern the intercourse between gentlemen, rendered his asso­ciation and his companionship indeed pleasant, even when we were discussing those matters upon which we never agreed.

He was a man with the courage of his convictions, and I can safely say that during my acquaintance with him he always manifested a high sense of responsibility as a representative of the American people. He was courteous to a degree that rendered him extremely attractive, not only in the committee room but in the lobby, on the street, on the floor of the House, and everywhere else it was my pleasure- to come in contact with him. Possibly I was thrown with him more than almost any other Member on the Democratic side, because we often discussed a great many questions foreign to legislative matters, and I found him to pos e s a wonderful store of general infor­mation.

I know nothing of his religious affiliations, I know nothing of his fraternal connections, but my experience with him in a practical way led me to believe that he was more or less a disciple of that philosophy enunciated by Ella Wheeler Wilcox, when she said:

So many gods, so many creeds, So many paths that wind and wind;.. When just the a.rt ot being kind ls all this sad world needs.

I can not speak of his home life, I know nothing of his se1·v­ices to the people of Pennsylvania before he came to Congress; I know nothing of his great achievements in a business way. Other men who are familiar with his former career will pay their tributes to him in more appropriate terms than I could, even were I familiar with the facts ; but I, who enjoyed his friendship only during the short time of our services here in the House, merely wish to come in all humility to pluck one of the flowers which his generous nature caused to grow over the walls of party politics and to- reverently place it upon his grave~ religi-0usly trusting in all sincerity that we may share the effects of its beneficent inftuence when we "greet tile coming of an­other age of youth and usefulness in another radiant Easte1·, beyond the gates of night."

1\-Ir. BIXLER. Mr. Speaker, we have met to-day to pay tribute and manifest our respect and esteem to one who held a high place in this Nation and in his native State-Pennsyl­vania. One who performed the duties of- these high offices of State and Nation fearlessly, judiciously, and to the ever­lasting credit to himself and Nation. It was my great pleasure to have known Senator PENROSE for the past 20 years, and in these years I sought his advice on many occasions e-ver to find him ready, willing, and eager to assist with all the good, sound judgment and experience that he possessed. He was a firm believer in party government, and while many may have thought he was exceedingly partisan yet he was so only on partisan matters and principles of his party. I often recall a statement he made at a Republican National Convention when that great party he so nobly championed all his life was in the throes of disruption. and division. When an attempt was being made to discredit it, when asked and advised to compromise, his answer, characteristic of the man, was, "The great party will stand on the principle of its founders, to compromise at this time is eternally and everlastingly wrong. The people of this country are tired of this great Republican Party. They are tired of bossism in Indiana. They are tired of organization in

3918 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 18,

Ohio. They are tired of PENROSE in Pennsylvania. Let us dri'le this grand old party to the brink. Let us drive it to the very edge, let us push it over the precipice, and then go to the other side and g:ttber up the fragments and out of them build a new Republican Party with new principles to meet advanced conditions," and you will well remember that his wo'rds came true.

It was a pleasure to consult Senator PENROSE; there was no evasion of tlrn subject, no idle promisea, but at all times an an­swer that carried weight and could be relied upon. While in many of his campaigns be was grossly assailed and misjudged, yet I recall once when an opportunity presented itself that would have permitted him to retaliate against an opponent, and when be was being implored to do so, his answer was, "Boys, don't do it. I can .stand all the criticism and falsehoods ancl malicious comments forced upon me, but I will not permit it to be done to another if in my power to prevent," a most noble spirit.

He was a natural born leader, energetic, courageous, and defiant; his whole life was devoted to his State and the Nation. As chairman of the Finance Committee of the Senate, under physical circumstances that I doubt if any other could have . tood the strain, he performed his duties to the last and to the credit of his country. He was a true servant of the people in that his whole life was devoted to their cause. He believed that tl1e life blood of this country was its industries and its natural resources, and he was ever ready to lend every effort in their advancement and protection, knowing full well that in the Nation's industrial activities the prosperity of the country's agricultural interests and that of every laborer would necessarily follow and their interests best served. Senator PENROSE was sometimes misunderstood, but to one who knew him knew full well that every move or action was done with careful deliberation and consideration for the interests of the whole people. He died in the service; his- last days devoted to working out a financial program to relieve the burdens of a ::'.\Iation that was distressed with a heavy debt, the result of a great war for humanity. He was a most considerate man; no public duty was too small for him to perform, and no service that he could render an individual but that he would gladly perform. His word was as good as gold, ancl he denied no one an interview on public questions, and after the interview you came away always with the information you desired, whether it was pleasing . to you or not. While we are here to­uay to honor his memory and recount his worth and express our sorrow at his ultimely departure at a time when men of his ability are so much needed we say farewell, our remembrance of him always will be cherished for his great work done for his native State-Pennsylvania-and the Nation.

SE~ATO& KNOX.

l\Ir. CR.A.GO. Mr. Speaker, ne\er before, so far as I can ascertain, in the history of the United States Senate has it happened that a State has lost by death three United States Senators in lcs than one year. For a period of more than 25 yeai·s four men-Quay, PENROSE, KNox, and Oliver-bad rep­resented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate, yet in the period of a few months we have added to that illustrious list the names of Senators CRow, PEPPER, and REED, and now to Senators PEPPE& and REED have fallen the duties and responsi­billties so suddenly and tragically laid down by their prede­cessors in office.

I wish to speak briefly of the life and services of the late Senator PHILANDER CHASE KNox. Others will take up dif­ferent phases of his public career; but I want to record here a brief summary of the principal events in his life, even though I do not feel capable of adding anything to what has been so well said of Senator KNOX by the per ons who de­livered the addresses in the Senate and on the floor of the House.

PHILANDER CHASE K.Nox, Republican, of Pittsburgh, was born in Brownsville, Pa., l\Iay 6, 1853 ; was graduated from Mount Union College, Ohio, in 1872, receiving the degree of A. l\'I .. , and later the degree of LL. D., and also from Yale, Pennsyl­vania, and Pittsburgh Universities, and from Washington and Jefferson and Villa Nova Colleges and the University of Guatemala; practiced law in Pittsburgh from 1875 to 1901; appointed Attorney General in President McKinley's Cabinet, April 5, 1901; in President Roosevelt's Cabinet as Attorney General from the death of President McKinley until July l, 1904; appointed to fill vacancy caused by death of Hon. }if. S. Quay in Senate, July 1, 1904; subsequently elected to fill Sen­ator Quay's unexpired term, then to the full term of six years; resigned from the Senate to accept the position of Secretary of State in President Taft's Cabinet March 4, 1909 ; was Secretary

of State to March 5, 1913; elected to the Senate November 6, 1916, to succeed Hon. George T. Oliver. His term of service in the Senate would have expired March 3, 1923. Senator KNox died in the city· of Washington October 12, 192L

The name of Senator KNox had been associated with many great legal conflicts, and he had gained a well-deserved na­tional reputation in law and in statesmansllip before entering the Senate the second time; but to my mind bis greatest achievement-and I believe history will confiTm me in tbi -was his masterly work in showing the American people the weakne s and the fallacy of the so-called League of Nations. His words of explanation of this question were so far-reaching, so convincing, and his position so unanswerable from the Amer­ican point of view that gradually our people came to see what he had visioned in the very beginning, namely, that the whole scheme wa founded on a false basis and was fraught with dangers to us as a nation and as a people far greater than any dangers that could come to us from war. All his long h·aining in the legal profession, his real knowledge of conditions, his work as a legislator and as a statesman prepared him for this conflict-a conflict where the man of experience who knew proved so superior to the one who, while he had more power perhaps than any other man just at that time, yet lacked ex­perience and practical knowledge of the question. The final result of such a conflict was inevitable. ·

When Senator KNox fiTst began this fight in the Senate the American people had not yet awakened fron. a dream which they wished to dream and hoped might come true-a dream of a time when war could be no more. The people failed at first to realize that so long as life has action and human minds control there will come times when the arbitrament of the sword is the only final award of justice; and that a nation to be really strong must be not only morally right but physi­cally prepared and ready to maintain its ideals; ancl that higher ideals tied up with lower ones must inevitably invite rather than prevent armed . conflict.

Time and again, when Senator KNox first gave utterance to his position on this question, I would be asked by ome of our friends, " What in the world is Senator KNox driving at, and what does he mean by taking the position he doe ? " I in­variably answered, " He is taking now the position you will take when you have had time to realize the situation and ()'et your bearings."

Any of us can usually, after a public question has been fully discussed, arrive at a conclusion and take a position which we are prepru·ed to maintairi, but to look into the future and analyze a great question of public policy which involves taking a position in opposition to the powers that are in control is the true province of a statesman; and too frequently legislators choose the easier way, which means drifting with the tide. Not so with Senator KNox; he bad courage, and courage coupled with knowledge and experience means ultinlate power and leadership.

During the late summer of 1921, after returning from a visit to Europe, Senator KNox, while not in his usual health, re­mained in Washington most of the time attending to his sena­torial duties, and when news of his sudden death was given out it came as a great shock to his colleagues and to the Nation.

It was no surprise to those of us who had been with him at his country home at Valley Forge that he was to find his last resting place there. He loved that home, and every time he could arrange to do so spent his spare moments amid its quiet and peaceful surroundings. The day of his burial was a bright, beautiful October day, and the wonderful coloring of forest and foliage lent an added solemnity to the scene. On one side of the grave stood relatives and close personal friends, on the other· men of prominence in every walk of life and his col­leagues of the Senate and House. Standing among these was the tall figure of the late Senator PENROSE, who was to answer the last summons before the year was ended. Beside Senator PENROSE stood the chief executive of Pennsylvania, Governor Sproul.

Tenderly the body of Senator KNOX was laid a way in this sacred spot He had fought his country's battles in the days of peace and in days of war, and in death he sleeps in the soil hallowed and consecrated by the suffering and the blood of men who made this Nation possible.

SENATOR CROW.

Mr. Speaker, a few miles west of the Allegheny Mountains, in Pennsylvania, on the banks of the Monongahela River, at a point in this region where the sturdy Scotch-Irish settlers of a century and a half ago ended their perilous journey from the east and bE--gan turning the :wilderness into the fertile and pro-

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1923. 00.r · GRESSIOl ... AL RECORD-HOUSE. 3919

ductive hill and valleys of that region, now 1."llown as Fayette, Wa ·bingt011, and Greene Counties, one can describe a circle with a radius of less than 10 miles, and encompass within that small area the places where were born four sons of Pennsyl­sania. descendents of these Scotch-Irish ancestors who have left their indellble impress on the legislative history of our country. In this area, which has given to the world many men famous in professional and business life, these fom· names stand out above all the others in our political history. Here from all the stmdy strength the unconquerable will, the joyous vigor, the civic virtues, tbe patriotic passion, and the sanctities of parents

ht> lo-vetl home and rountry were born in humble stations in life these men who have contributed so largely to the public weal. Just aero the :iuonongahela River from Brownsville, on tbe hills of Washington County, was b<>rn James G. Blaine; in the town of Brownsville prope1·, in Fayette County, was born PHILANDER CHASE KNOX; only a few miles away, near McCleI­landtown, Fayette County, was born WILLIAM EvANS CROW; and a: few mile west of there in Greene County, near Carmichaels, wa born ALBERT BAIRD CUMMINS. These men passing through the public schools and small colleges, entered public life and brought to. the service of their country a determination to achieve succe s; and we may- truly say that these sons of the sturdy Scotch-Irish have given a wealth of service to our coun­tcy.

From this same region have gone forth many men who in th-e professions, in finance- and in trade, in war and in peace haT"e contributed largefy to our Nation; yet these four men have so impressed themsel-ves on our Nation's history that I ha.ve coupled their names together a. we come to this solemn service to""day in h{)nor of Senators KNox, PENROSE, and CRow, and our own beloved colleague, Congres~man CHAI:LES R. CoNXELL.

WILLIAM E. C1t0w, Republican, of Uniontown, Farette County, wa. born in German Township. Fayette County, Pa., March 10, 18TO; was reared on a farm and educated in the public schools, the Southwestern State Normal School, from which he was graduated in 1890, and'. Waynesburg College; was engaged in ne:w paper work for three- years; studied law and wa ad­mitted to the bar of Fayette County in 1895; appointed as­sistant district attorney in 1800, and in November, 1898, was elected district attorney for a term of three year ; wa chair-· man· of the RePJI.blican connty committee in 1899, 1900, and 1901; served a a delegate- to various Republican State conYen­tions and to the Republican National Convention in 1916; was elected chafrman of the Republican State committee in 1913, and reelected in 1914, 1916, and 1918; elected to tbe State senate in 1906; reelected in 1910, 1914, and in No-vember, 1918; elected president pro tempore of the St te senate at the clo e of the ses. ion in 1900, and was reelected in 1911 ; was ap.pointed to the United State Senate by Governor Sproul, of Pennsylvania, to fill the unexpired term Of the late Senator KNox, and took the oath of office on October 24, 1921.

March 24, 1897, Senator CROW was married to Miss Adelaide Curry, of Fayette County, and to tl.tis union were born three son., Evans Curry Crow, William Krans Crow, jr., and Warren Crow. Senator CRow passed a.way Wednesday morning August 2, 1922, leaving ro survive him the- widow and these three sons. Thu in this short recital of dates and e\ents is encompassed a life so filled with work and action, and which when emled left a vacancy in th-e life of a home· and in the affairs of the Nation.

::\Iy close per onal acquaintance with Senator CROW began more than 30 years ago, when Ile fust entered Waynesburg Col­lege. We were in some Of the same classes and belonged to the same literary sot:iety. CROW soon gained recognition in college as a public speaker, and wa elected by the Philo Literary Society to represent that- society as orator in the annual con­test. Before the date- of this contEd, howe\er, he felt that he was compelled to leave ~chool, a he had an opportunity to take up newspaper work in Pittsburgh.

He continued in this newspaper work for some time and then returned to Uniontown, Fayette County, where he regis­terec1 a a law student and did newspaper work while readibg law. Soon after his admission to the bar he began to take an acttre interest in local politics. At this time the men who for yea.rs had controlled politics in Fayette County were growing old in the service and new alignments were being made. The county had but recently htrned from a Democratic to a Repub­lican county, and there soon developed two factions In the

·Republican Party. As- a result of this many bitter struggles within the puty gave the :ronng men who had entered the arena a chance to s-how their mettle and their worth. Grad­ually, by hard work, the ability to make friends, and with a rare genius for the game, Cnow became the acknowledged leader of one faction, and 6on this faction controlled the county. .rust

at this point in his career he showed that real leadership which afterwards characterized his work, for he soon made friends of his former political enemies, and ·would go out of his way any time to help them in any worthy ca use. 1\fany of the men with whom he had contended. became his most tru ted friends and admirers, and for many of these be time and again exi:>ressed in a most practical way his '\"ery high regard and esteem.

For many years Senator Cnow and myself served together as members of the board of trustees of the Southwestern Pennsrl· vanla State Normal School, of California, Pa., and of Waynes­burg College, Waynesburg, Pa. When I first became a candi­date for Congress in 1910 from the twenty-third district, com­prising Greene, Fayette, and Somerset Counties, Senator Ccow was a candidate for reelection to the State senate from Fayette County. This was a gubernatorial campaign and only those who are familiar with the details will ever know what a bitter fight wa made on the Republican organization that year-a fight which foreca ted the contest of 1912. Senator C.Row and his friends had charge of the campaign in his county, and our friends in the clish·ict exerted themselves to the utmost to hold things in line. So successful was their work that this congressional dis­trict was the one district in the entire State which really stood np in its vote for the State ticket. By thls time Senator CRow bad become a leader in the State senate and was elected the presiding officer of tliat body.

As chairman of the Republican State committee and as a leader in the State senate hi. work was very ai·duous, and his . efforts to keep harmony in the ranks of the party, to head off vicious legislation and put through constructive programs, de­manded by the different executives of tlle State, as they came and went, was a taLk of no mean propo1·tions. To this work Ile gave every ounce of energy at his command. It was never too late or too ear1y for any friend to see "BILL" CEow, as he was affectionately called by bi host of political and personal admirer ·, and hi willingness to sacrifice himself for his party and bis State endeared him to men in every walk of life and made men proud to call him a friend.

Senator CRow did not step into this place of high command in, Fayette County, and in the State of Pennsylvania, without a . struggle and without many a hard-fought battle. I wa · at his side in many of the. e battles, especially during the time when I represented this congressional district in Congress. I llave known times during the stre s of campaigns when he would not get a chance to see his family even for a few minutes each day, and JOU could hardly realize how a man so filled with respon­sibilitie could find any time to be at home with the family he lO'red; and I sometime. wonder whether, in estimating a man and his great achievements in ·public life, we give credit enough to the woman, the wife, the mother at home, taking the responsibility of rearing children and keeping the home life going while the man unfettered by the e dome tic duties give his entire thought and time to public affairs. Senator CKow was peculiarly fortunate in this re pect, and anyone who knows of their splendid home life and their family will appre­ciate that during all the e busy years l\Irs. Crow, the wife and mother, did her full part, and helped make possible for her hus­band u public career so filled with usefulness. The husband and companion is gone, the father is gone, yet through all the years of their li'rnN l\Irs. Crow and these sans will have in their hearts a olemn pride in the fact that the one they loY-ed had gained the heights.

Personally, I think I rejoiced almost as much as did Senator CRow when be achie\ed his life ambition and became a Member of the United State. Senate. This is true not only because of my long association with him but because of the keen interest which he had always shown in my political success. In 1020, when we had a misunder ta.nding in our State-wide primary and I failed of renomination, I think Senator Cnow felt the renult more keenly than I did, and when a few months later a vacancy occurred in our delegation by reason of the death of Congres man Garland, Senator CROW, even though a sick man at that time, never let up until he was assured that my nomination would be accomplished.

Senato1· CRow was a man who would compromise whenever it appeared best for the party and the public good, but he would not go back on his real friends, even when seeming political expediency would dictate a change in his attitude on a public question when that change would have indicated a desertion of his friends, even though they fought a losing battle.

Words can not adequately portray our feelings on an occa­sion of this kind. To lose such a friend makes one feel that a part of his very life is gone, but to ha-rn had such friends as we pass through life should be to each of us an inspiration

3920 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 18,

and should create in us a willingness to lend ourselves to one another and to the public good.

Through the long months in the hospital, hoping against hope that medical science might in some way ward off the inevitable end, Senator CROW cheerfully submitted to whatever treat­ment was prescribed, but when at last hope was almost gone his mind natural1y turned to that home in the mountains. Tenderly and re"Verently they carried him to that loved place, and here ju t a few weeks before his death President Harding paused in his passage over the old natipnal pike to greet him and drop a word of hope and encouragement. On the day of bis funeral Uniontown was hushed and silent, by proclamation of the mayor all places of busine s were closed, and both sides of the street and all along the national pike for many miles the people stood in reverent a we as the funeral pro­cession passed to the cemetery. Never before in Uniontown bas there been such a funeral as that of Senator Cnow, and the great outpouring of the people and thefr re"Verent attitude expressed to all the visitors the fact that the e people knew and loved him. Senator CRow's body was interred in the Uniontown Cemetery with the fullest masonic funeral ritual, he being a thirty-third degree mason. l\len from all walks of life from every section of the State were present on this occa­sion and attested the high esteem in which he was held by those with whom he had come in contact

This. day with us is a day of sorrow, but to-morrow comes­to-morrow with all its cares, its pleasures, and its possibilities. l'liay we enter that to-morrow with a new realization of its pos­sibilities, with a new sense of the fact that we are all agents of a great power in a mighty purpose. The manner of accom­plishing that purpose we may not know, but if om· work is good, if our lives are filled with good deeds, if we have added to human happiness, ''e will have fulfilled the hlghest pur­po e of the infinite.

Mr. GILLETT. Mr. Speaker, I ha·rn been in Congress with both Senator KNOX and Senator PENROSE ever since they began their national ~ervice. It happened that during the Roosevelt administration circumstances threw me into quite close a so­dation with the members of hls Cabinet, and so I carne to know very.well Attorney General KNox, as he then was. Quiet and unassuming in manner, a ured and self-reliant, as you came to know him better he wa exceedingly genial and full of good fellowship, an entertaining and delightful social companion. He had a mind of extraordinary keeness, one of those intellects which penetrateg clearly and luminously and in tautly where most of us grope hesitatingly, able at once to look to the very marrow of an intricate subject. That seemed to me his ruost distinguished characteristic. His strong, vigorous intellect grasped any problem which came before him, mastered it and tralghtened out complexities so that he could make it plain

to minds of less original power, who had to . tudy carefully what to him was clear at first sight. He sometimes seemed to show a little consciousness of intellectual -·uperiority, which certainly was justified, but was of a hospitable and companion­able disposition which securely held his friends.

The · two Senators offered an extraordinary contrast physi­cally, for while Senator KNox was much below the average size,

enator PENRO E loomed above nearly all his fello'1s with a gigantic stature. When he succeeded Senator Quay I think few believed that he had the capacity to ::;ucce sfully assume the minute and absolute leadership of his party at home to which tbe State had become accu tomed.

Everyone recognized that he had a strong, cultivated intel­lect, but I think few anticipated that indefatigable application to the interests of his party and State, that til'ele's tact, and that sotmd, dominating judgment which soon won for him the support and even the obedience of his party followers and made him the undisputed leader in Pennsylvania. He had inflexible re olution and scorned sham, humbug, and hypocrisy, ernn at the expense of popularity.

When I first came here political power in certain sections was largely concentrated in the Senate. I remember well how on one important bill pending in the House a small clique of Senators, by issuing their mandates to their delegations in the House, changed over night a minority into a majority and defeat into success. That great concentration of power in a few men has largely died away, and Senator PE.NRO E seemed to be its last representative in the East.

I did not know him intimately. I imagine he was not a man who cared much for social intimacy, though he was always loyal to his friends. He seemed to me rather aloof and self-centered, finding his pleasure, as well as his work, in the ab orbing pur­suit of power and in organizing and establishing his leadership. He was always definite and intelligent in his purposes, had

great com-age, determination, and resources; and in those two Senators Pennsylvania· gave to the Nation men of striking abil· ity, who left a marked impress on national legislation.

llr. WATSON. Mr. Speaker, social and political a ociation during a period of 40 years with the one to whose memory we are paying tribute to-day welded our friendship with mu­tual consideration of affeetion and esteem. One afternoon late in February, 1884, BoIEs PENROSE, on his way home, topped at my law office, located on Walnut Street, Philadelphia, and in the course of conversation expres ed a desire to enter poli­tics, and related with much pleasure his appointment to meet for the first time l\Iathew S. Quay. PENROSE three year pre­vious was graduated from Harvard College, second in the class, his brother, now an eminent physician, held the first honor. In 1883 PEmosE was admitted to the Philadelphia bar. Tall anu slender, a well-balanced mind, ambition to rule, bold and fearle s, depending upon his own judgment .rather than that of othe1· , were characteristics that made him a leader of men. He 101ed outdoor and manly ports, wa fond of big-game hunting, rowing, riding, and yachting. These athletics very early developed his physical strength, and he was accepted to be one of the handsome young men of Phila­delphia. The ancestqrs of Senator PENROSE for generatio.ns held positions of honor and trust and were prominent in the cm·rent affairs of England and America. Charles B. Penrose, his grandfather, was the ablest political counselor of his time. He was a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate from Cumberland County and elected speaker. He resigned his seat in the senate to accept the position of Solicitor of the Treasury, to which office he was appointed by President Wil­liam Henry Harrison. He retired from the department after a few months of service, moved to Philadelphia, and was again elected to the State senate in 1856. BoIEs PENROSE inherited honestly from his distinguished ancestors the career that was to be bis.

'l'he sti:ong per onality of BoIEs PENROSE appealed to Senator Quay, who early reeognized his ability and worth. Quay indorsed him for the Legislature of Pennsylvania, to which office he was eleeted in November, 1884. Two years later he beeame a can­didate for the State senate, and after a bitter contest with Robert Adams, jr., he was nominated and el~ted in 1886, was president pro tempore of the State senate in 1889, and reelected in 1890 and 1894.

PENROSE was ambiti<;ms to be mayor of Philadelphia and had the indorsement of Sena.tor Quay in the mayoralty contest of . 1894.. Saturday previous to the primaries many of the sup­porters of PENROSE assented to the nomination of his opponent, Charles F. Wa1·wick, for mayor. This defeated PENROSE. Sen­ator Quay naturally resented the action of his friends; he said to them, "You have defeated PENROSE for mayor, but I will make him United States Senator." Senator Quay at that time controlled the State· senate and the house of representatives. The two legislative bodies met in joint assembly, and through the influence of Senator Quay Boms PENROSE was elected United States Senator to succeed J. Donald Cameron for the term beginning Ma1·ch 4, 1897, and was the choice of the people up to and including his last election, November, 1920.

PENRO E was opposed to the eleetion Qf United State. en­ators by popular vote, and adverse to prohibition and woman' suffrage. With this record he made a triangular fight for United tates Senator and won by a majority exceeding the combined vote of his opponents. This was evidence that the people of Pennsylvania had confidence in his ability and trusted his judgment in the legislative affairs of his State. When PE.i.~ROSE made a political promise it was fulfilled; his power to carry it through was seldom questioned.

It was during his office as State senator that he laid the foundation upon which he builded his political power an<l be­came the adviser of the Republican Party, not only in the State but in the Union. PENROSE was not recognized a an orator, but had the ability to forcibly expre s him elf on the fo1=um with 'yell-constructed sentences of rhythm, either in pathos, b·ibute, atire, or rebuke. He was a student, an ardent reader of the Bible, history, biography, and the classics. No man was superior to PENnosE in the knowledge of the political and historical events of Pennsylvania. I frequently motored with him from Washington to Philadelphia, he was familiar with every foot of the way, the names of the early settlers, the scenes of the Indian hostilities, and those of the war of the Revolution. PENROSE was truly an American, who devoted his whole life in the interest of his country, especially his native State, Pennsylvania, and seldom left its boundaries, except when performing official duties. It was his plea ure to motor through the "Various counties of the State, beeome

1923. OONGR.ESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. 3921 familiar with the political temper of the people, meet his lieu­tenants, and study the welfare of the Oommonwealth. PENROSE claimed he had not the time to travel in foreign lands1 thus it can be easily understood why he had more detailed knowl­edge of the political condltions of the country than any other one man in public life. He believed as long as he could con­trol his lieutenants he could win, as the masses would follow them on election day.

All men in the political world must encounter the hostility. of organized enemies formed to destroy recognized power for their own aggrandizement. PENROSE dld not escape the cal­mnny of his political opponents, but his personal character was never stigmatized by a dishonest act.

PENROSE ahvays worked for the best legislation as he under­stood it, but was not an extremist. He was untiring during his last illness, and though suffering he continued to give his energy to the people. He had confidence in him elf; without this characteristic no man can succeed. He frequently said:

If I had followed a business career with the same application I have given to politics, I would now be a very rich man.

PENROSE followed a life of simplicity; though born an aristo­crat, he lived within himself as such. His voice was notably mellow and gentle; he had a kind and tender heart; always charitable; carried no resentment on account of political dif­ferences; his enemies during one campaign were his friends in another. The affection PE~ROSE held for his brothers, and the loyalty among them were evidences of love seldom found in familie . He had the power to focus his will to a definite point, the concentration of which enabled him to bring about the final conclusion. He received the applause of the masses and all who intimately knew him. No administrator guiding the policies and affairs of a party in the political history of our Republic continuously retained the power for the same length of time as Senator PENROSE. The national convention held in Chicago June, 19~0, was a marked illustration of the influence of PENROSE. Ill at his home in Philadelphia, suffering great bodily pain, 1,000 miles from the scene of the actions of the delegates concerted for their rival candidates, PENROSE held the convention in abeyance until his choice for President was well within his grasp. He then telephoned to bis lieutenants in Chicago to nominate Warren G. Harding. There is not a parallel instance in American politics where one man dictated the proceedings of a national convention under such dlsad­Yantage as PENROSE sutferecl and endured.

December 31, 1U21, at the midnight hour, PENROSE died. His body resurrected, if Christian dogma be true, resurrected as the bells were ringing out the old year and in the new. A few days later, wrapped in death's slu·oud, in the early dawn of the morning, ere the hadows pictured the earth, BoIEs PEN­nosE was buried unattended except by his immediate family. He was carried, as It was his wish, to his sepulcher at an hour " when no one knoweth."

l\lr. DARROW. l\Ir. Speaker, we are assembled to-day to do honor and pay tender tribute to the memory of fonr distin­guished sons of Pennsylvania.

Within the past few months our genial and lovable colleague, Hon. CHARLES R. CONNELL, was suddenly stricken from our roll and within the brief period of less than one year three United States Senators, K 'ox, PENROSE, and C&ow, passed to the great beyond. To State ever suffered such a loss in so brief a period of time. Each of them had qualified for their positions of influence and usefulnes after long years of training in the .·chool of experience. Pennsylvania deeply mourns the loss of these notable figures in the activities of its public affairs. Mr. Speaker, it is my privilege to speak of the distinguishing char­acteristics of my friend and fellow townsman, Senator PENROSE.

Pennsylvania has furnished men renowned in the affairs of the Nation, but few of more prominence than BoIEs PENlWSE. He was an outstanding national figure, but he was best known in Philadelphia anu Penn ·~·Jrnnia, where his was a common name in every household.

I had known Senator PE~ROSE for many years, but it was not until after my election to Congre s that I came to know him very well I haT"e marveled at his capacity for work, at his strong will power, and at the manr personal sacrifices he was making in the conscientious performance of his public duties and of the earne tness that he displayed in everything thnt ''as for the interest and welfare of our State, as well as for the country as a whole. In my a ociation and contact with him I learned to honor and highly esteem him and to have deep regard for his judgment and opinions. He was never hasty in making a decision on any problem when presented to him, but when he reached a conclusion you could feel satisfied

LXIV--248

that it was only after mature thought and consideration and that full reliance could be placed in its soundness.

Senator PENROSE's qualities of earnestness and honesty were recognized early in his career, and they remained his prominent characteristics to the end, gaining for him in his public service that high respect and confidence which are given so willingly to all honest, earnest, and courageou men.

By reason of his quarter of a century of service in the united State~ Senate, the Senator occupied a position of leadership in that body, and his marked ability and statesmanship was gen­erally recognized. His service as chairman of the powerful Committee on Finance was especially notable, for he was an expert on tariff and revenue legislation without a peer. The Senator made no pretense of being an orator and never spoke on the floor of the Senate unless he had something worth say­ing and knew his subject. He was a forceful speaker, being brief and quick to reach his point. He had an excellent com­mand of the English language and the facility of choosing the right word or phrase to meet any occasion. He spoke with a , franknes that could not be misunderstood and was the ma ter in any verbal battle.

Aside from his service in the Senate, PENROSE was best known as a political leader. He won his spur. under the tutelage of Quay, and by sheer merit and ability won his long­continued position of leadership. From first to last he was always for party organization and party responsibility. He was frank and truthful. and free from that cowardice which breeds deception. He was sincere in his beliefs, he was faith­ful to hi. word, and be was loyal to eyery cause he espoused. He belieYed from his heart that his country's welfare depended upon the continued supremacy of the Republican Party, and he saw no path to progress but by the way of its success; and with zeal unflagging and spirit undaunted he ·iabored for that success. His convictions were strongly maintained; he neYer sulked or evaded, but with resolution and courage fought out every issue openly to victory or defeat.

Mr. Speaker, a great character bas passed into history; Pennsylvania's foremost public serYant has gone into the great beyond. The name of BoIES PENROSE will forever be engraT"ed upon our memory and that of generations yet to come. In his death the city of Philadelphia, the State of Pennsylvania, as well as our great country, suffered an irreparable loss, and lhose of us who were more closely associated with him mourn the loss of a wise counselor and friend.

Mr. McLAUGHLIN of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker, I really find more difficulty here than probably most of the ot.Jier )lem­bers. I think it afe for me to say that I was more closely iften­tified with Senator PENROSE than any other man who has come to Congress in many years. I had the pleasure of knowing PENROSE most intimately for over 28 years. He was a born leader of men; so much so, indeed, that party politics did not stop him on his path of leadership. At one time it was thought he would file for the nomination on both tickets. It is still a question Jn my mind if PENROSE could not have been nomi­nated in Pennsvlvania on the Democratlc ticket as well as on the Republican~ ticket. He was admired, respected, and hon­ored by all citizens, men and women. I have traveled tlu·ough Pennsylrnnia on mll.Ily occasions with PEi"\ROSE. I have trav­eled, too, from Philadelphia to Washington and return with him many .times. It would take me hours to explain what I thought of one of the greatest intellectual giants of all time in this Nation. That 1s my impression of PENROSE. I could go on for a long time; but I have something prepared, and it might take me too long on this occasion to deliver it, and I ask that I be accorded the privilege of having printed in the RECORD a short sketch on Senator PENROSE.

The SPEAKER pro tempore. There will be no objection. l\fr. McLA.UGHLIN of Pennsylrnnia. In passing, I might

say I was also very friendly with Senator KNox for oYer 20 years. I have heard a reference to the sturdy Scotch-Iri h de­scent of Senator C.aow. Why, it is not surprising to me. We call them Scotch-Irish even after they haye been living in Ire­land for 700 years. The Crows have been at least that long in that section of Ireland where I was born, and on a clear day you could look out from the top of the hills and there behold where the forebears of seven Presidents of this great Nation were born. KNox was certainly Irish, and the family belonged there for several generations. Senator Oliver belonged in the same section, 6 or 8 miles apart. ~o I could go on and eulo­gize KNox, but he requires no eulogy at my hands or the hands of any other good American citizen. CROW was a close loyal personal friend of mine. I know of few men who were so strong in an a\owed purpose as Senator CROW. It was really

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3922 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUAilY 1

unfortunate---c. hlle ~e must bow to the will of God-thaf CRow · Although Simon Cameron was given four election to the en­wa · not spared a lfew years to his native State and to this ate an.d was a member of the body for about 18 year , be erved Nation, ·because he would ham become a marvelous man. And only one complete term, a.she as numed for a vacancy and did so far as our o.wn .coUeagne, CHA.RI.Es -OoNNELL-I always .called · not remain until the end -0f two of he terms for whicll he was him Connell, because we dn P.ennsylvania knew his esteemed chosen. Entering the enate in 1845 he filled the vacancy occa­ifather as Connett-he was a true, honest, God-fearing, upright, . si.oned by the resignation of Jame.s Buch n n, an<l at tlle ex­loyal citizen, good to those u der him, and respected and loved piration of the term--f<mr yea.rs-was 11 t continued in office. by all tbe people in hi home -city as well as in th~ surrounding El~ted fo~ a full term 12 :rears later o er John '·. · orney, he counties of his native State. agru.n was a Senato:r for f-0ur ;r€'ars, reBirning to ec me Secre-

E\"'ery emplore,e respected CH.A.BLE.S CONNELL, and I as a tary of War under Prtddent Lincoln. Leaving the abiuet frieud revere his memory. after two years, he entered too <liplomatic corp .as mini ter to

sE.NA'l'OR PE'.'1'1t0sJJ. Russia, but soon returned home to again tand f-0r a senatorial A visitor to the galleries of the Senate Chamber, in study- election. His longest tenure Qf -Office wa about 10 years, from

tng the men under his ~ye, was attracted to a Senator who ~867, when he defeated Arnkew G. Curtin, until hi resignation occupied a seat in the front row, to the left of the Vice Presi- m 1877 to make way fur his son, J. Donald Cameron. The elder clent. He seemed unusually tall-in fact he was 6 feet 4 ~ameron was on€ of the few men "ho ham l'elinqui hed a eat inches in heigbt when standing erect-broad shouldered, with m the Senate to accept an appointment to the Oabinet. The neatly trimmed dark hair, features that were regular, and experienc~ of J. Donald Cameron was in the oppo::iite dir~ction, with a manner that showed clo.se .. attelltioa to the proceedings. as he retired .from a. Cabinet office, that of Secretary of War WI eu not engaged in debate, he was in frequent consultation under President Grant, and theu became a Senator. with other Senators. Yet somehow Jle seemed a naturally Completing the remaining two year of hi father's term, the reti ent man, at times becoming abstracted. He was a ready younger Cameron had an unbroken membershlp in the Senate and convincing debater and when put to the test showed the for 20 years, until 1897. when he retired and wa ucceeded by qualities of leadership. This man wa.s BoIES PENBOSE, senior PENRo E. Matthew Stanley Quay wa elected three times and Senator from Pennsylvania. was a Senator for about 15 years, but was in succe ·sirn l)O .·es-

Eoa: PE!\""ROSE wa.s one of the forceful men of his time. sion of his seat for ouly two full term . Cho ·en first in 1897 When death claimed him a p.owerful and prevailing pa.rty and again in 1893, he wa denied u reelection in 1 00. was for man· r-er departed from the ;political stage and a trained and two yea.rs a private citizen, and then wa · return d to Wa lling­valuable legislator from the national councils at Washington. ton, t~e election that ignaliz .d hi retirement from politics~ Hi record in tlte service of Pennsylvania and the Nation is and died before his term expired. a r et:· rd of sanity and patriotism, of broadminded and eft'ec- BoIEs PENBOSE entered the ._ enat on the day that William tiie statesman hip. _ McKinley became President and Garrett A .. Hobart Yice Presi-

._ t-11ator PE--ROSE occupied a position distinct frem that of dent, March 4, 1897. Only three men who were in the enate any other man in the annals ,of Pennsylvania's public affairs. then now remain there-HEXRY CABOT LODGE, of Ma. s cllu ett: ; He was in official life continuously for 37 yea.rs-a record FRANCIS E. WA1IBEN, of Wyoming; and KNUTE NEL ON, of Min­of unin.terrupted service .unequaled by that of any man now ne ot!l. Only one man then ening in the House, ~le. CA~N ~. livfoo-. He was five times elected a Senator and was in th-e remams. Senate longer than any other man that Pennsylvania ltas sent If one should attempt to tell 1n detail the legislatl\e work of to tlle body. He was the only Pennsylvania Senator to be Senator PENROSE it "on.Id be to call the t itle and de rrib the cl10.· ... n as chair.man of the great Co:i;um.ittee on Finance, and purpose of every imp01ta.nt measure enacted by Congre. ince the fir 't .Senator from Pennsylvania to be elected by the votes 1897. He had a hand in shaping all of this legislation and of t il people. Pennsylvania. believed in him, trusted him, and took part in the consideration of meu ure in the · enate. A honored him. to many of tlle important laws, he exerted influence in the last

r11on graduation, in 1881, from Harvard, BOIE P.F.NROSE staO'es--and indeed tbe lliO"'t important stage-in the conference weut earnestly .to work at the prac.ti.ce of law. Admitted to committee. He exerted more than influence in tbe Senate; he the lmr in 1883 he naturally turned toward the public career was a power there. offered him by politics. The next year he went to the State The interests of Pennsyl\ania are uch tllu.t the policy of legi;;;lature, and two years later to the State senate, where, in protection has found its strongest advocacy there. To main-188~, he was elected president pro tempore, being reelected to tain the system it ha" sent to Wa h1.ngton only thoroughgoing tha t position in 1891. protectionists. Br rea ·on of his steitdfn.stness and iuflu nee

.At Harrisburg he showed quickly that he was no common in this field of legi lative effort alone enator PEl.\°"ROSE would man. He took the leadershlp of his party in the legislative have occupied a place of eminence ln the public life of Penn­hall of his State as if .by natural right. His was not showy sylvania. He was prominent in the preparation of e-rery Re­ontory when he frequently a..ddJ.·essed the assembly, but there publican tariff mea~nre during his serYice in the euate and wa. rugged force behlnd all be said, a rugged force swayed his unfaltering advocacy of high rates of duty constituted him and controlled by the ke.enest kill and most subtle wit; there the most conspicuous exponent of the protective principle since wa. , too, a power of in.vecti-re which is unco.m.moo and which the time of Wllliam McKinley. His ·peecbes :ind writing on made him feared as w.ell n.s. re pected, and there was all the the tariff were voluminous and exh.uustirn. magnetism, impressiveness, and dignity of a coming man. His first legislative eZl)erience at Washington ITa.s in the

There was no good legislation of that period which PENROSE enactment of tariff legislation. A few weeks after Mr. PEN· did not support and none Unmeritorious which he did not com- ROSE became Senator Pr ident McKinley convened Congress bat. Particularly ·he was. chiefly 1nstrumenta1 in the passage o.f i.n extm session to pass a measure that would provide the- Gov­a bill to abolish the notorio.us pubtl.c-bnilcling commlssio.n, and ernment sufficient reven.ue and restol'.e the Republican system al; o in securing the enactment of the city charter, called the of protection for the American wage earne1·. The re ult of its Bullitt bill He was the ainc.ere friend of hon.est labor, of the deliberations was the Dingley tariff .act. It \\U .known by farmers, and of all who needed a champion. those who were conversant witb the activities of that session

Withal he was ever a.s loyal a.s he was an earne t Repub- that Senator Quay left to his junior colleague the ruo t lo.bori.ous lican. battling tor the princi;ples ef that party and working portion of the work for Pennsylvania.. without cessation for its triumph and the defeat of its enemies. With the knowledge that a tariff bill is n comp ndium of E"reu in the .bitterness of his defeat by treachery for the Repub- the energies of Pennsylvania as it affect ev.ery in.du....<dry there, lican nomination for ma_yor of Philadelphia in 1895 the utmost Senator PENROSE had prepared himself for the work of tari1r effort of the Democrats could not tempt bim from his party . legislation. He was familiar with condition In the mine, fac­aU 0"iance, .so that the roan who got the nomination in bis place tory, an.d on the farm. On a tolll' of the State that embraced wa. lected, when otherwise he might have been defeated. nearly e'Very county. he had grru:p.ed llie r-a tnes of Pennsyl-

Pennsylvania formerly ma.de b·equent changes in the office o.f vania's industrial organization. Heb.ad inspected iron nnd steel United State Senator. Prior to the Civil War only one of the mills of western Pennsylnmia: h~ had toad be. lde wage Penn ylvania Senators wa-· in Washington for tw.o full ter-ms. earners in textile and other manufacturing e tabli ·hment ; The enators of the .ante-bellum period who hel-d office the long- and he had gone down in.to mine._. He knew of condition · in e t were Daniel turg·eo~ who served two terms, .and James rural ection , for he kad consultetl representatiYe of grang s Bu ·lianan, 11 years. Buchanan .re"igned to become Secr·etary of and addre ed gatheri:ugs of farmer . At .Harri IJurg he had

tat in the Cabinet of Presi<.'lent Polk. Robert M{)rris and conferred with delegation from lal>or organizations and Will_iam Bingham were cine-term Senato.rs . . George l\f. Dallas, with employers of labor on mea~m·t- for th improveme.nt who wa ele ted to a -vacancy, served 15 months, and David of conditions under whicll the WtJrking p ple toiled. He lu.Hl Wilmot wa a Senator for onlr two rears. witne ed eYerywhere the i<lleness nml clistr 8S of the Cleve-

1923. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3923

land administration a.nd had emptied his pockets for the starving.

The Dingley bill was before Congress for nearly five months, and in the debates on it were delivered some of the most notable addresses that ha·rn ever been made on the revenue system of the country. As passed, from the point of view of protectionists, it was a perfect piece of legislation. It trans­formetl the United States from a commercial slough of de­spondency into the busiest and most prosperous nation on the globe. To Senator PENBOSE's patient investigations and inde­fatigable energy were due lai-gely the favorable conditions which doubled the industries of Pennsylvania in a single dec­ade, increasing wages and wage earners in like proportion, and greatly augmenting the State's population. In the enact­ment of this bill Senator PL.,.,nosE laid the foundation of con­structive service in tariff legislation that in time would place him in the chairmanship of the :'inance Committee and make him a Republican leader in the Senate. ·

From that time on Senator PENROSE fought for maintenance of a protective tari:t'l'. It was during the extra session of the Sixty-first Congress that he attained a position in the Senate where be could be of largest ·usefulness to the people of Penn­srlrnnia. As passed by the House, the PayJ].e bill contained tariff reductions which Pennsylvania manufacturers insisted would prove ruinous to the interests of labor and capital of the State. These reductions ranged from 10 to 50 per cent from rates of the Dingley law and included nearly every manufac­tured article of which Pennsyl'rnnia was a large producer. Senator PENJWSE knew what ort of tariff revision the Key­stone State was willing to accept, and as a member of the Finance Committee, to which body he had been recently pro­moted, he opposed the sweeping reductions adopted by the House. When the bill pa ·sed the Senate it provided duties pronounced by Pennsylvania manufacturers adequate protec­tion of the State's industries. As a member of the conference committee he successfully defended the increased rates. For the service he rendered Pennsylrnnia in connection with the Payne-Aldrich bill, Senator PE~ROSE was warmly commended by the people and press.

A holiday called " Penrose Day " was declared by the manu­facturing districts of Philadelphia. Senator PENROSE spent the day in going around from mill to mill observing wheels of industry in motion. Attended by a party of manufacturers, he visited workrooms, shook hands with employees, and was greeted on all sides with enthusiasm born of returned pros­pe1ity both to manufacturer and wage earner.

It was Penrose Day even beyond the expectations of those who planned it. The mill district bedecked itself in the most brilliant array for the event. Flags and ensigns flew from eYery staff. Thousands of busy workers, both men and women, left their looms to greet and listen to the Senator as he went from place to place. .

As a fitting culmination of the day, Senator PENROSE was a guest of honor at a brilliant banquet at the Bellevue-Stratford, when manufacturers of Philadelphia, representing millions of invested capital, gathered together to praise tbe man who, more than any other, they said, was responsible for the protection given Penn. ylvania in the Payne-Aldrich Act.

A more striking testimonial has never been accorded a pub­lice official in Pennsylvania. His part in making the tariff bill that had brought a return of prosperity was the controlling thought in the minds of all those at the dinner as they cheered him and praised him in speeches. From the moment he made his appearance at the banquet hall until he concluded his ad­dress there was almost continuous cheering for him. More than a thousand men representative of the industrial and busi­ne s element of Pennsylvania were there to testify by their pre euce that they owed a debt of gratitude to the guest of the evening.

At the speaker's table were Edwin S. Stuart, Governor of Penn ylvania; and John E. Reyburn, mayor of Philadelphia; Nathan B. Folwell, president of the Manufacturers' Club-who pre ided-and all Philadelphia Members of the House at Wash­ington.

Two years later Senator PENROSE led the protection forces in the Senate against proposed low-tariff legislation. The Payne­Aldrich Act bad been bitterly attacked by certain western .Sen­ators and Representatives and other public speakers who used it as an issue in the congressional campaign of that year. Senator .Aldrich had just retired from the Senate and Mr. PENROSE had been made chairman of the Committee on Fi­nance. Bills reducing the duties on iron and steel, cotton, woolen, chemical, and, in fact, every schedule of the Payne Act affecting the industries of Pennsylvania were referred to tbat committee. To prevent pas age of the e bills, the Republicans

in the Senate were compelled to meet the opposition of the solid Democratic strength in that body, and those low-tariff Republican Senators who were vigorously attacking President Taft because of his action in signing the Payne bill.

Senator PENROSE at once assumed an aggressive and deter­mined attitude toward tJie proposed legislation. To prevent hasty action by the Senate and to afford representatirns of the manufacturers an opportunity to submit arguments in opposi­tion to 1t he arranged for a series of hearings before the Finance Committee. Those hearings afforded ample opportu­nity to emphasize the injury to American industries that would result from the enactment of low tar11'f bills. . They continued through a period of several months. ·

Manufacturers sent to Washington deleg;itions who sub­mitted facts bearing upon every phase of the industrial situ­ation in this country. The hearings were more exhaustive and illuminating than any other series of hearings ever held by the Finance Committee. Through skillful questioning by Senator PENBOSE it was shown that proposed legislation would result in widespread business depression. Representatives of each industry affected declared that if the proposed reducti0l1s in duties became e:t'fective, they would be compelled to curtail production and as a result hundreds of thousands of work­men would be thmwn out of employment.

Senator PE~ROSE was strongly supported by other Republic­ans of the Comn;iittee on Finance in his determination to pre­vent tbe low-tariff measures from being enacted into Jaw. At bis instance nearly all of them were rejected by the Re­publican majority of that body. Senator PENRO. 'E reported them adversely to the Senate and in many effective and forceful speeches defended the protecthTe-tariff principle. The opposi­tion, however, was too strong and the combination of Jow­tariff Republicans and Democrats forced some of the bills through.

When they reached · the White House President Taft held many conferences with leaders of the Republican majority in Congress. .At these conferences Senator PE~BOSE was consulted by the President regarding every measure before him. i\Ir. PENROSE earnestly urged the President to veto them and re­turn them to Congress with mes ages which would present a vigorous defense of the protective principle. This the Presi-dent did. -

When the Democrats entered upon control of the Senate · the committees were reorganized; Senator ~ROSE was suc­ceeded as chairman of the Finance Committee by a Democratic Senator who was in harmony with the tariff policy of the Democratic party. The enactment of the Underwood tariff bill, which Senator PE...~ROSE vigorously opposed, followed.

In the debate on a war revenue bill, in a notable f:peech in the Senate lfr. PENBOSE predicted that with the return of peace, the protective . ystem would be restored.

I do not at this time-because the occasion would no t be proper­go into an argument in favor of the protective taritl'-

He said-In my opinion, the time will come sooner or la ter, with tile close

of the war, when a protective tariff will be more than ever neces­saq to the people of the United ~ tates. With the close of the military war the industrial contest will be resumed.

We are at war. Revenue must be provided ; the .American Gov­ernment has never hesitated to rai e revenue by direct taxe and loans when required during a war and the people will pay them cheerfully so long as they are uniform, equitabl~, and logical. When the war is over, the whole tax system of the count ry will, of course, be revised.

The several emergency laws will have to be repealed and t he good that ts in them retained, with such additions as experience has demon­strated are required. Wben the time comes my hope is t hat a tiscal system will be enacted providing for the requirement .' of the Gon~rn­ment by duties on imports based on adequate protective lines, the usual revenue from exci'se taxes, and uch moderate direct taxes :i i; tbe Government may require to carry on t he heavy burdens which will be ours for a considerable period after peace is declared.

The selection of Senator PENROSE as head of the Finance Committee was a notable mark of distinction. Xo man has held the chairmanship of that committee who has not heen accounted by his colleagues fully qualified for' leader. hip. The Senate does not allow anything to take the place of experience and ability, and it uoes not recognize anybody as a leader until be has been tested for years in the Senate itself. Since rbe Civil War only nine men hRrn directed this committee's delib­erations-William P. Fe:. enden, of Maine; .John Sherman, of Ohio; Justin S. Morrill, of Vermont; Thomas F. Bayaru, of Delaware; Daniel F. Voorhees, of Indiana; Nelson W. Aldrkh, of Rhode Island; Senator Simmons, of North Carolina; anti Senator :M:cCumber. Senator Morrill held the chairman. ·hip longer than any other-17 years-and was succeeded by Sena­tor Aldrich, who retained it until he retired from public life.

Records of the Senate show that for at least 70 years, de. pite Pennsylvania's vast industrial interests and the ftl c:t that the·

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39-24 OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 18,

State to a greater .degree than any other is .affected by tn.riff legisla.tiDn, ·semrt0r :PEN~osE is not only the .one .P.ennsylvanian who has ;held 'fhe Chainnansliip but he is the only Republican Senator from the S.tate wlio has been a member of the com­mittee.

The Americanism of Senator PENROSE was a source of pride to Pennsylvania. As a .priv-ate citizen JlD.d· official of the Gov­ernment he -placed America -first in our relations with foreign go1ernments, and when the national honor even remotely .ap­peared as an issue :he demanded its vindication without equivo­cation or concession. He resolutely denounced indecision in dealing withforeign .questions .when such a policy compromised the national respect and threatened the national secUl'ity. As a Senator his attitude towar.d disloyalty was distinct and em­phatic. He a sailed .u as an evil that .must be boldly .met and destroyed and ,proposed measures to this end. His service as a Senator throughout .was marked by .a broad and urib.esi­tating loyalty to American ideals and American txaditions.

Senator -PED<""ROSE's Americanism was of a substantial and practical chamcter, directed at the fundamentals of patriot­ism. He resorted .to none of the arts of the soap-box orator ; in his public utterances -were no bombastic deliverances; he made no blatant ~ppeal to the mob; he was no jingo.

The deterniined and aggressive .attitude of Senator PE:r-."'"ROSE in demanding protection for the rights of American citizens in l\Ie.Xico forms a striking chapter in our dealing with that ba.ndit-ru1ed .country. That the Wilson administration finally abandoned 1 its policy _of indeci ion, known .a:s " watchful wait­inO'," .and _sent .soldiers to -the Mexican ·border was due largely to the vjgorous .criticisms of PEI\""R-OSE nn.d other Republican Senators, speech.es which .attracted the attention of the people to a situation involving the dignity and honor of the Nation. But one question -had been presented by the :Mexican Tevolu­tion , so far as this country. was concerned, PENROSE a serted, an<l. it was: '

Shall the lives .and property 6t tb~ 1\.merican citizens in Mexico .be protected?

-This position .he ably defend-ed on the floor of the Senate and in addresses .be delivered elsewhere.

Senator PENROSE·made his influence felt in seven national con­ventions -of ,the Republican -Party -for the nomination of candi­date for President and Vice President. He was five ·times cho en a delegate to represent Pennsylvania, three times from the econa .congressional district, -and twice a delegate Jlt la1·ge under the direct _primary system. At .four of the e .con-

' vantions he was ch.airman of the Pennsylvania delegation, .and always his judgment carried -weight in the selection of the candidates and in the construction of the .platform " The representative on the national committee of the foremost Re­publican Qo.mmonwealth, he -occupied an official position of prominence in the management of four campaigns for the Presidency.

Bis supremacy ,as· ,a ;plltY leader he :maintained to the end. In 1920 bis leadership commanded a notable mark of 1tpproval, a vote of .confidence .that .is .without a parallel in the .politics of Penns3r.lvariia. A.t the 'Prbnaties he was the successful cmidi­date for ·the Republican 'nomination for United .States Senator, for delegate . at large .. to '.the national convention, and for re­election to :-t11e national committee, the last~named place to be filled by the Republican State committee chosen on ithe same ballot. ' ~Iy personal relations with Senator PENROSE were .most

cordial -and extended ·through a 1long period of years . . I first was associated with 'him 1n J)olitics in 1897, .and 'from .that time on I ·was an activeunember of the organization of which he was the dir-ecrting lrea:d. .Never having held 1public office, the sugge tion that ,l ~become a .candidate for Congress came from Sena tor PENROSE, with the .re5ult that .in 1916 I was ·elected to this body.

In various campaigns J aecompa.nied the Senator on speaking trips throughout :Penns-ylnmia which ·gav:e ms an .qpportunity to enjoy his keen sense ·of 1hum-0r as well as to admire bis sterling party loyalty and his wonderful .genius for or:ganiz.ation. The ploce he occupie<l in public .affairs in Pennsylvania never will be .filled.

l\Ir. SHREVE. Mr. Speaker, it was .my -very great p1·kilege and pleasure to .have been .intimately associated in a ,political way 'ti.th the ,three distinguished United .States Senators whose memory we .are .here to honor to-day. I may say I was .in -the Peunsylvania Legislature when ·senator PENROSE was 1its reaog­nizecrleaaer ·and ,durlng a .time wJien 'he we:s _particula.rly inter­ested in :the affairs 'Of the great-State of Pennsylvania. Natu~ rally we were .closel3· associated, and during ·ai1 1my experience antl association with him I found him alwaya ·.seeking the ,hest

interests of the State, .working out those great problems that have made l>ennsy1vania one of the foremost States in the Union. He was a lover not only of the United States of Americ1;1 but a _particular lover of his own great State; so it was a plea.sure durmg those yea.rs, after working with him in the State legislature, to work with him after I came to Congress.

l had the honor and plea.sure of voting for the Senator be­fore the uniform primary law was pas ed. I also had the honor and the pleasure of voting for PHILANDER C. KNox, Sena­tor from Pennsylvania. I wish particularly this afternoon to say just a few words about Senator KNox, because be came from western Pennsylvania, my own part of the State.

But before doing so, J want to say a word about Senator CROW, whom I knew so well and intimately for many years. He was in the Senate of Pennsylvania durlng all the time I wa.s a ·member of the legislature, and frequently we worked on commissions, he on one side and I on the other, and I learned to know the sterling worth dnd that intensity and honesty of purpose that made him the great leader that he was. It as a pleasUl'e to be associated with the Senator, and I shall nernr forget the 1ery many pleasant days we sp~nt together. Hi.a passing was a source of great regret to all of us.

The Hon. PHILANDER C. KNox was truly a product of west­ern Pennsylvania. Born · in Brownsville, a graduate of Penn­sylvania universities and colleges, admitted to the bar and practiced law in Pittsburgh, we of western Pennsylvania have a right to be proud of the distinguished career of one of our number. ·

P.EIILANDER 0 . . KNOX ranked high among the men who have contributed to the greatness and unparalleled prosperity of the Keystone State.

The late Senator also ·wrote his name higl1 on the scroll or fame .not only in his own country but in the countries with whose affairs he .had such an extended acquaintance while Attorney General and Se<;retary of State under two adminis­trations.

iHis great ability- as a lawyer attra<;te<l the attention of the country and he was called .to be Attorney General in Roose­velt's Cabinet. After serving conspicuously in this capacity he :was elected to the Senate, but later on was again called back to the Cabinet as Secretary ·of State under Taft.

It was as Secretary of .State that tbe Hon. PHILA:i.'.J>ER 0. KNox attained his greatest achievements. His keen knowledge of •world affairs and the training he had received during his years of _public service eminently ..fitted him for this hlgh posi· ti on.

Through his efforts a 1plan t.or departmental organization was put into effect, and newly created divisions and offices were by law made specific and ·permanent ·as ,part .of the general organi­zation.

The Department of State took ·upon it elf new forms of mod­ern business methods. Under his administration there . was created the Division of Latin '.American Affairs, Far Ea. tern Affairs, Near Eastern Affairs, and Western European .Affairs, all of them continuing up ,to the .IJI'esent .time, and the Depart­ment of Commerce has •-established within its service the same divisions, so .that at all times there .is clo e cooperation and coordination between the two services.

.The creation of .these divisions has ·given the departmental establishment an ·Qppo.ntunity for careful attention to increased and ·increasing friendly l!elations between the friendly coun­tries, and the correlation between -these ·energies has evol-r-ed a complete organization ifor the development of commercial -inter­ests, the results of which have been far beyond our most san· guine expectations.

Secretary KNo-x felt ·that the Department of ·State and the. whole .working . of our _toreign-service e.stablishment should be utterly outside the ·sphere of ·partIBan politics if our foreign affairs are to progress for the highest benefit of the wl1ole Nation.

The suc.-cessful :operation -of the e -departments 11ffects the people .of 'all occ_npations and ·an political faith in every part of the c.ountry.

After serving out his term as Secretary of State, the ·secre­tary returned to the Senate, ·where lie again became one of fhe fo.:remost leaders. He·was always genie.I, affable, and ·ap11roach­able, and :expressed the keenest inteTest in the wishes of h1s many constituents.

His services will long be 1·emembered ·and have placed him on the !high.est plnnacle .among -Statesmen of the ·State and Nation.

The Nation could illi afford to lose him, but ·nn all-wise Prov.La dence uled that he -should be ·taken ·at the height of bis great activities .:and achievements, and -the Nation mourns bis loss -W-.day.

1923. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOU8E'. 3925 In closing I desire to say a few words about the Hon.

·CH.AB.LES R. CONNELL, truly a distinguished son of a distin­'guished father, who for several terms represented the Scran­ton district ln the Halls of Conocrress.

The father was prominently identified with the great indus­tries of Pennsylvania, and while in Congress rendered valuable service to his country. ' ·

It was the son's aml:liUon to take the place ot his father, and although in his first term when taken away, he was giving care­ful attention to all the great problems of the country, and in particular th<>se: affecting his own district He was regular in hls duties, both in committee and on the. floor of the House. a.nd was a valuable Member of the Pennsy,hania delegation in Oongress.. We all shall mom·n his loss.

Mr. KENDALL. Mr. Speaker, Pennsylvania, t.b.e great Key­stone State, has, within the brief span of one year~ suffered a loss unparalleled 1n the history of the Nation, the loss by death of her three distinguished Senators, men endowed with unusual qualifications and renowned not only in their native State but 1n the Nation, PHILANDEB CHAS_E KNOX, the intellectual giant, 'scholarly statesm~ and lawyer of international fame; BoIEs 'PENllQSE, the superb leader and authority on finanee, whose wonderful mind embraced the life of the great Commonwealth 1J.lld made him the leader of leaders; and WILLIAM. EvANs CROW, loving and beloved, brillia.n.t, magnetic. and sympathetic, with an almost superhuman understanding of men and a.bill ty to influence. their actions.

Both Senators KNox and C.BOw were born in Fayette C<rnnty, in the district which I baye the hono.r to rep:resent in Con­gress. Senator KNox was born May 6, 1853, in Brownsvil~, and lived there. un.til early manhood ; Senator Onow was born in Ge-rman Township March 10, 18'ZO, and lived in,. Fayette County until his death at Chalk Hill on August 2, 1922.

The records and achievements_ of Senators PENRO E and KN.ox will be related by others, and I shall confine my remarks to tJie "favorite son." of" old Fayette," WlLLI4-M Ev.A.NS C&ow.

Senator C&ow was born on a farm. and a.s a farmer boy had the personal touch and experience of farm life. He attended the country school, and later hec.ame a teacher, in which ca­pacity he inspired bis pupils with the same devotion with wltlch. he la.te1· enthused all who came. within his- range. He became a successful journalist. a lawyer, and at the age of. 28 was elected district atta-rn~ Qf Fayette County. At tbe age of 25 he was. political leader in his county and moved onward and upward, beceming chairman of the- Fayette County Republican commit­tee, Republican State chairman, State senator, successive re­election keepb:lg him in. the State, senate as it matchle s leader until, upon the death of Senator KNox, he was appointed by Gov. William C~ Sproul to fill the vacaney from P,ennsylvania in the United State_s Senate.

He was a masterful politician, and for the field which he had chosen he had temperam~nt~ ability, and poise unex:celled. Few men in public life were endowed with such lovable and com­manding personality, and had he lived he. would have reached the pinnacle in the Nation whlch he had attained in_ his beloved State.

Senator OROw's. health began to fall about a year before his death, but with indomitable will he remained at his desk in the State senate at Harrisburg until the adjournment of the legis­lature in 1921, when he went into seclusion in his. mounta..iJl home. He battled with Illness and for a time it eemed as though he would conquer; and while he was scarcely able to come to Washington to be inducted into his high office, he mad_e the trip and with undaunted courage appeared on the fi'.oor of tbe United States, Senate, where on October 24, 1921, he took the oath of office as junior United States Senator from Penn­sylvania. On that occasion the Bar Association of Fayette County, members of the senate and legislature of the State, and hundreds of other admiring friends accompanied their " Fayette County boy" to the Nation,.s Capital to see hlln realize the am­bition of his life. They hoped he could win the battle with the dread malady with which he was stricken; alas, this was not to be. Death had singled him for its own. And when he found that he was beyond human skill and realized that he was fight~ Ing a losing battle> he asked that he be taken to his beloved mountain home at Chalk Hill, where, surrounded by the beauties of nature, he had spent his happiest days in the- companionship of his noble wife and three manly boys. Love for one's family is the most sublime attl'ibute of life, and Senator CR<>w's dBvo­tion to his wife and ehildren portrayed th& sweetest charac­teristic of his great intellect.

While Senator Cnow was at his mountain home it was the Meeca for hosts o:f atlmiring friend -rich and poor, blac~ and white, men, women, and children. They all loved him, not for

his- great achievements but because he was "BILL" CROW, their frien&

When President and Mrs. Harding drove over the old Ka­tional Pike on their way to their eld home at Marion they found time to- call to extend to1 the stricken Senator their heartfelt prayers for his recovery and their" sin~ere hope that he might take his place in the Senate_ and ai<il in the great constructiv& legislation to be enacted. With the President and Mrs. Hard­ing were the Governor of Pennsylvania, Hon. William C. Sproul, General Pershing, and General Sawyer, all eager to show. their friendship and love- for the stricken friend.

On: August 2, 1922, the Angel of Death paid a visit to that mo.untain h01ne and the great soul of WILLllM EvANs CRow passed into the light of the eterua1 morn.

Senator Cnow was buried on a beautiful day in_ August and n~ver in the hli:itory· of Fayette County- was there such an out­pouring of sorrowing friends. The streets were lined with.. people from all sections of the c.ounty-by proclamation of the mayor of Uniontown all business place.s were closed, and all branches of the city government paused to pay: tribute to the first citizen of that town. Amid the: tolling O.f the bells an<l the sobs of th~ multitudes. all that was morta.1 of WILLLA.Y EVANS CRow- waa laid to :rest in the, little cemetery at the end ot the town.

As I stood at the open grave_ a.ndi looked into: the saddened> face~ of the countless friends I realized there- could be no higher eulogy· of' man than tha.t the humblest pay him tribute in tea.rs, and my mind could but revert to the immortal ode of the great Tennyson: on the dea.t_hi of th-e Duke of Wellington:

On God and godlike men we- built our trust. Hush the dead JlUU'ch wails in the people's, ears; Th~ dark Cllowd mo.ves, an.d there a.r& sobs and tears-i The black earth yawns; tJie mortal disappears; Ashes to ashes, dust to dnst ; · Ile ls gone who seelm!d so great-Gone; but. nothing ca.nr bereave- him. Of the fo.rce he made- bis own Being here, and we believe him Something far advanced in state, And that be ea.t.s· 1:1; truer erown Tlla.n any wreath. that man can wea:ve him. Speak no more of his renown, Liey your earthly tancles. down. And in the vast cathedral leave him. Qod a.c.cep.t him, Christ receive him.

Miss ROBERTSON. lt:!r. Speaker, there Is. not one o:f us. hut who, looking back, may remember one of those da:v,s, marked with a white stone, that. stands out vlvidly from_ othe:r: days of that time. Such a. day was my introduction to Fayette County. At the Summft Hotel I was waked by the matin songs of the birds. From my window I looked out over clouds of mist, whlc.ht like the. gossamer veil of a lovely bride, en· hanced rather than concealed the beauty of mountain, forest, antl valley.

I felt myself honored, indeed, to have_ been chosen to make a. Mem-0rial Day address at Uniontown. In: Fayette County, where the struggle fo~ the- foundation of ow: g.reat America began with the colonial wars, its history is written above the. resting places of those who fought its battles. Some of these inscriptions a.re well-nigh obliterated by the storms of more than a century. Hundreds of ne.w:ly, carved names are those of. Fayette County's. sons who, fought no leSS. valiantly to maintain. the Govern.meat that their gallant forbea.1"$. had founded

I seem to see before me again the long procession of march .. :Log men in uniform-men of three wars. Men o:1i the sixtie~ unable to conceal a certain jealous p:ride of: preferment be-. cawse it was for their coml:ades. tb.e- day was first. set a.side, and if gray and bent~ as they wer~ars were provided f007 them in procession-it was an acknowledgment on the!Ji part of a. night of p1·e<:edenee- ratheu than a. consideration. of physical weakness. The World War men, who at the city square ea.rlie:r in the day had conducted their own exercises and had after.. wards served the other vetei:ans with army fare- at thell' ooautiful Legion Home, followe-0, marching many hundred strong, with oosts of little children, flower ladeJJ. and each carrying an American fiag-blood--bought emblem of <>nr "Lan4 of Liberty," of which theil: chorn& swelled in words of patriotic song.

Coul<l there be greater inspiration foli a patriotic life than to have been reared amid. such_ surroundings and among a people of such loyalty to American idea.ls?

It was here at his Uniontown home- th"3.t I met WILLIAM EVANS CBo.w, upon whose bier I have come to-day to lay onei lltUe flower <>f remembrance. l h.-ad,. ef course, known of him vagmtly as- one of' the giant leaders of the politieal organiZation. which functioned irresistibly in the Keystone State, and wished! I might meet one of such power among his fellow m.ell'.. Ha.v-

3926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 18

lnO' heard that trict rest was enjoined by physicians, who m:de him a pri oner in his room, I was indeed grati_fi~d to be met by ~lr . Crow, who in isted that it was the de ire of her husband as well as herself that I become their gue t.

What an ideal home it was to which I was thus welcomed­comfortable, livable, and unpretentious. A home where _you found a well-worn Bible in sight and where the most prized ornaments were portraits of their sons in uniform.

I wa'"' allowed to see Mr. CRow, who was interested in me as representing a new element in political life-that of the con­servattre woman who had not striven for a place in politlcs­=and knowing there were in Pennsylvania thousands of .my t~e there was a great temptation to both of us for a discussion which 111.s weakness did not allow.

So hls devoted wife took me away from the cheery upper room where the May sunshine streamed in and the cent of lilac· came through the open windows.

There was an inspiration I shall neYer forget in the encour­aging, interested words of this giant battling for life. He knew that he had been sorely wounded in his stern fight for the ideals he had made his goal, but he was not disheartened.

The domestic life of that home as I saw it was one of that sacred mutual devotion which it is not for me, even with the deepest reverence, to try to tell you. To me it seemed the per­fection of human love and companionship.

I saw him only once again. A day when I avuiled myself of a privilege I felt a natural timidity in exercising, and went upon the floor of the Senate to see him take his oath of office-­the first woman to have thus congratulated a Senator.

Surrounded as he was by eager colleagues and friends, when he aw me waiting there was an immediate smile of recogni­tion and a warm handclasp. I felt the new element in politics would have a good friend in him. ·

While it seems tragic beyond all expression that just at the moment of ambition's realization the sun should suddenly drop from its zenith, we can but admit that there is a sublimity in such a cloudless departure.

I..ove ls the greatest gift ever bestowed upon frail humanity. .['his he had in fullest measure, and ln its joy he went happil7 home to that Father's house where many mansions are.-

Mr. BEGG. Mr. Speaker, we are as embled to-day to pay our respect to the memory of our deceased colleague. Hon. CHABLES R. CONNELL, of Scranton, Pa.

We shall leave it to hiB colleagues and friends from his own State of Pennsylvania to tell of his life history, for it was not the privilege of many of us to know hlm ln hJs boyhood and early manhood.

His service with us in the House was ell too brief, but in that time he established a place for himself in the hearts of his colleagues. Those of us who knew him best loved him most It was my privilege to know him intimately, having visited his home on several occasions.

He was a man of big business and naturally and by training looked on all things in a big way. He was broad visioned, prac­tical, and successful ln serving his constituent.~ of the tenth Penn ylvania district, as well as in business.

Thousands of men were in his employ for years and never once did he fail in that understanding of men which makes one's employee love him. In politics they were his supporters, and be their representative; in busine he was their as~ociate and coworker. Of no man in his employ did he ask that which he was unwilling to give himself. Socially he was democratic and measured his friends by their true worth.

His life was an inspiration for all who knew him. I realize how futile Jt ls to try to add to his glory and honor at thi time, but by a recital of his virtues we who are left may be inspired to better things. His passing was a tremendous shock, yet by lt we have been moved to appreciate more and more his lovable ctiaracteristlcs, and, indeed, we have been made to uuderstand that his very life was a force for good.

He was of a nervou temperament and often chafed at the seeming delays of definite accompllsllruent in legislation. In bu ine., . habit had taught Wm to count that day lost whose low, descending sun aw nothing uccomplishedt nothing done. ~hat is why legi latlon eemed to irk him, yet with it all he took an acti've part in the dally procedure of this House and no Congressman gave stricter attention to the demands and needs of his people than he. He frequently spoke with reverence of his father's prior er• ice, and said that was the only enchant­ment for him in representing his di trlct in Congress.

Our beloved colleague leaves a wife, two children, and a host ot friends to mourn hi lo ·s. Time may dull the pain of his leaving, but each ucceeding year can only serve to brighten th memory of his iovable character.

Mr. GERNERD. Mr. Speake1·, we are gathered llere to-day in solemn contemplation for the purpo e of paying a human tribute to those di 'tinguisbed sons of Pennsylvania who have an­swered the last call. Of one of these I shall humbly speak.

T'O Pennsylvanians the name of Boms PENROSE will always arouse a feeling of genuine regard. His intimate knowledge of her people and their traditions, together with his thorough un­derstanding of their economic problems, made him a dominat­ing character. For more than 30 years he was identified in molding and advancing the legislation which attended the mar­velous growth and development of our State. Endowed with a rare intellect, which absorbed all of the exceptional advantages that a cultured home could give, he attended Harvard College as a youth, whe1·e his natural qualities soon ripened into com­manding scholarship. Few young men were ever better equipped to battle the trials of life than he-posses or of a wonderful physique and an engaging personality and hacked up by the pre tlge of a wealthy and distinguished family. He knew non of the hard and perplexing struggles that confronted most of our successful men in their youth. He craved a different ambi­tion than those who were reared and educated as he was, fo1· even in his college days he was found pursuing the study of politics. To Wm Martin Van Buren was a most absorbing and fascinating per onality. It was but natural that soon after he completed his education he should turn to politics as a career.

Within fom· years after his graduation from Ha1·1·-ard Col­lege he was elected n member of the General Assembly of Pennsylvania. He entered that body full of vigor and self­confidence, and immediately attracted the attention of l.ti. colleagues by his forcefulne s in debates and the calm and adroit manner in which he met attack. Strange as it may appear, he began hi · political career with reform idea . So thoroughly was he imbued with these conceptions that he, in conjunction with lli law partner, Edward P. Allinson. wrote a volume on municipal government adrncating· the principle~ of reform. It is a remarkable work, giving an exhaustive his­torical treatise of city governments in this country. It re­veals a thorough knowledge of the g1·a'\"e and difficult problems that then confronted our municipalities. He strongly urg d reforms, but within party lines. Through the publication of his work he acquired great publicity, whlcli immediately placed him 1n the forefront as a student and an authority on munici­pal governments, which naturally greatly enhanced his political prestige. After a single term in the lower branch of the general as embly he· was elected a State senator, to which position he was successfully reelected three times. Thi ga\'a him a wonderful opportunity to develop his natural talent., and his keen knowledge of the essentials of gO',ernment inti­mately brought Wm in contact with the great political prol>­lems in the concrete. He gave them exhaustive study and zealou ly fought for those legislative measure which be b -lle"red were for the welfare of the State. His career in th Senate of Pennsylvania ls a most brilliant one, for bis activi­ties during those 10 years were not dominated as the politician but as the student of legislation. His advocacy of a measure was not actuated by political motives, but; on the contrary. based solely on their social and economic effect on the State. His legl fative inquiries and the measures he champfone<l r -vealed a remarkable knowledge of the in titutions of his State.

Continually pursuing the quest for a greater intimacy, he em­braced in his personal sphere of influence every one of the GT counties of Penn ylvania. He knew their characteristics, their problems, re ources, and leading citizens. Just as be got to know the people of his State, so they .came to know and. trust him. He possessed an unusual capacity for work, and it ap­peared that the greater the burden the happier and more responsive he became. It was but natural, then, that be should become the leader in the senate, for his capacity and successful qualities of leadership crystallli;ed public confld~nce in him ~nd the people everywhere ought bis counsel and e.1d in furthermg their legislative enactment .

During the. entire period that he served in the State legis­lature he wa looked upon as the enllghtened student and ex­pounder of public question . His frank and incisive. vlewri upon legislation either ga\e it life and as urance of be~g ~­acted into law or else he di closed their fallacies, which lll­

Yariably caused them to die through the weight of their own weakne · es.

Throughout the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania there were many growing and prosperous towns which constantly requlre<I legislation to insure their continued progre s and prosperity. His great knowledge of municipal government made these mu­nicipalltie the happy beneficiaries of his wisd.om and fo_re­thOught, for he enthusiastically fo tered the leg1slatlon which

1923. CONGRESSIONAL_ RECORD-HOUSE. 3927 enabled them to enjoy the many advantages that local self­government brought them. It is a rare tribute to his integrJty and high sense of public duty that no one ever questioned the wisdom or sincerity of his motives in any eause which he champiorn~d before the legislature of our State. IDs achieve­ment. were many and the citizens of Pennsylvania took a keen pride in his brilliant career. With each succeeding year he grew in stature and public esteem, so that it was but natural that thousands of the influential citizens of his native city should insist upon his running for mayor of Philadelphia.

At that time the political destinies of the City of Brotherly Love were dominated by David Martin and Charles A. Porter, two resourceful and astute politicians who baffled the ambitious plans of PENRosE and his many friends, for they brought for­ward Charles F. Warwick as an opposing candidate, who after a spirited and intensely partisan contest defeated him for the nomination. While his defeat proved a very serious disappoint­ment to many Philadelphlans who had hoped to rescue their city from the inister and baneful machinations of the munici­pal political bosses into whose grip their city government had 'fallen, nevertheless for his own political future it proved a most fortunate incident. The contest for mayor attracted nation-wide attention, and the result was anticipated with un­usual interest. Instead of losing prestige by d-efeat, his political as ets were greatly enhanced by the experience, for the many talent"' of the young State senator had been so successfully ex­ploited tbat he became the romantic political hero of the State. Hi fa cinating career appealed intensely to the young men of Penn~ ~·lvania, for he captured their imaginations and inspired their loyalty and admiration. Enjoying so eminent a position in the hearts of Pennsylvanians at the youthful age of 85, his political ascendancy was assured.

For many years the political organizations of Pennsylvania were rontrolled by the two United States Senators, J. Donald f'_,ameron arid Matthew Stanley Quay. Their supremacy was frequently and bitterly contested, and the politics -0f the State were in constant turmoil. Many sears had been inflicted; a.nd ther were able and clever politicians who nursed continuous warfare and kept the politkal wounds from healing. Matthew Stanley Quay was then the recognized leader; and as the sena­torial term of J. Donald Cameron drew to a close he cast about hi discerning eyes and found in BoIEs PENBoSE a colleague of his choice. He recognized only too well that to insure his own leader ·lJip he must choose wisely. Naturally he gave the great popuJarity of the young senator due recognition, for he· re.alized that the seat of Senator Cameron would be bitterly contested.

How carefully he had reckoned-for the opposition selected John Wanamaker, Postmaster General in the Harrison admin­i tration, as its choiee. Here was a formidable foe, a man who name was a household word in every family in Penn­sylrnnia, and whose splendid administration as a Cabinet official challenged the support of the business men of the State. It proved a remarkable political battle. Here were two rare at d exceptional men arrayed against each other. The one a young, brilliant, and successful leader, whose worth as a legis­Ja tor wa recognized by everyone in the State, and the other the greatest merchant in America, whose life story gripped every youth and who had won the plaudits of the mercantile world. Nevertheless tbe verile and spectacular leadership of Borns PENROSE so completely captivated the young men of Penn ylvania that they triumphantly brought about his eloo­tion as United States Senator. What a remarkable achieve­ment, to attain the toga of a United States Senator of one of the greatest .States <>f the Union at the unusual age of 37. That goal, however, was only reached through the exercise <>f high political ideals and abn01·mal passion for public service. With h'iln there was no compromise \vith time when public duty beckoned. His sch-0lar1y attainments and practical in­sight into domestic problems, as they effected the general wel­fare of the State, made his judgment unerring. The great experience he acquired as a legislator of his Commonwealth gave him a superb equipment for the larger problems which awaited him.

I shall not speak of his subsequent career, for I shall defer that to other colleagues who have had the pleasure of serv1ng with him in the United States Congress for a much longer period than has been my privilege. I wish to emphasize· the fact, however, that he never lost grip upon the legislation of his State. Every problem challenged his attention, and he liber­ally gave of his wisdom and support. The people of Penn­sylvania truly understood and appreciated his remarkable serv­ice , for they showed their gratitmle by their generous confi­de-nee in electing him to the United States Senate for five

SU<!ceSsive terms. No man can enjoy a greater tribute tha.n . this honor, as bestowed upon him by the citizens of his native State.

Mr. GER~ERD. Mr. Speaker, I wish to say a few word in memory of our dear friend arul former colleague, CHARLES CoNNELL. Coming here as strangers we met for the first time, although the name of CONNELL had been a household word to most Pennsylvanians for nearly a generatie>n. I frequently in my youth beard of his father, and it was with keen eagerness that I greeted CHARLES CONNELL as a colleague of mine in thiS Congress. We got to know each other intimately, we lunched together, and di cussed problems together, both business, eco· nomic, and social.

CHARLES CONNELL was a positive, direct character. Th.ere was no hypocrisy or vainglory about his make-up. He had a high appreciation of business -ethics, 'and frequ-ently when mat­ters on the floor of the House seemed to be in a turmoil he would say to me, "That is not the way to do business. You and I could settle this in a very short time.l' We believed that to be trne because we did not then know enough about the pro­<!ed11re of :legislation, alth-ough we did know something about the problems of business. .

I wish to say of him that although brought up as the son of a "Very wealthy and distinguished man he did not do that which · most wealthy young men do-follow the paths of least resistanc-e. He buckled down to business, and never permitted the contributions which eame to him from his father to in­ter-fere with his honest 1lIIlbition to be a successful business man. He employed hundreds of men and women, and treated them on the basis of social equality, for 1 know CHARLES -CONNELL i·e_pudiated the idea that to be rich is to be one of a class. He never bad that in his system. With bim business was a noble profession. To possess wealth, and distributing it in investments, and making that wealth wor~ realizing more wealth in the creation of employment, be regarded as a duty, to society. I know that he to-ok a keen interest in bis church, for he spoke to me of having helped to ereate a memorial fund for charit:able purposes to which he himself bad con­tributed very llberal1y. I wish we had more men imbued with the same llilselfish ideas that possessed CHARLES CoNNELL: He has passed to the great beyond and _ I mourn his going. I shall always remember his pleasantries and his buoyant counte­nance with i·are plea.sure.

~r. CRAGO assumed the chair as Speaker pro tempore. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Chair recognizes the gen­

tleman from Pennsylvania '[1\ir. Fo-cHT).

Mr. FOCHT. Mr. Speaker, in attempting to express an estl· mate of the unselfish purposes and lofty ideals of the .men we mourn to-day, we can n-0t help but feel our weakness in the presenee of the memory of these great outstanding figures who so long labored for Pennsylvania . in the wide field of loc.al endeavor and of American statesmanshlp--Senators PENRO E, KNox, and CB-ow, and Oongressman CoN~ELL.

Senator Pfil'.'"ROSE was trained in legislative practice in that school where the rudiments are acquired to great advantage-­the State legislature, h-0use and senate. There was early evi· dence of his grasp of details and the understanding of men and as the shaper of vast national pre>gressive projects, cul­minating in the attainment of a high place among his fellows and as counselor great and wise in guiding the destiny of the Nation.

There is pardonable prlde in reverting to the vast energies of his State and its prodigious commercial expansion and production, and in linking this great man of mind and heart to the steps of immeasurable progress of Pennsylvania stretching over a period of more than 30 years. During that time, which marked a greater sweep of advancement than during any other period in the State's history, he was early a potent factor and latterly the masterful, dominating mind.

For one of the greatest single divisions of government in the world-Pennsylvania-he helped shape an unmatched fiscal system which provides vast revenues without direct taxation.

During his leadership of the great dominant party there was written on the statute books more progressive laws than during the Commonwealth's entire previous history. From the migllty fund collected from the corporations the public-school system was given new impetus, with free scl10ol books for all children and compulsory education a· requirement. The agricultural department was established, State police organized to guard every section, compensation in abundance fo1· every injured woTkman, first aid and revised laws providing safeguards for

3928 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. FEDRUARY 18,

those engaged in the vast mining industry, with millions for colleges anc1 institutions for the weak and helpless, and a wider scope of rights and protection for women than prevailed in any State having woman suffrage 20 years before the vote wa. given in Pennsylvania.

It was great honor, indeed, to represent the State of Franklin and Muhlenburg, the State that was the Nation's birthplace ancl its cradle. Stephen Girard and Robert Morris, Ritten­house, Fulton, Mad Anthony Wayne, Priestly, and Trumbull are outstanding figures who furnished inspiration for this youth; then Meade, Hancock, Reynolds, and Gregg, John Ban­nister Gibson, Andrew G. Curtin, John Wanamaker, and Rus· sell Conwell From the Declaration of Independence to Valley Forge, the Brandywine, and the slopes of Gettysburg we have everything in patriotic sacrifice and scientific, scholastic, and philanthropic accomplishment.

.And it was this illustlious patriotic example, this vast en­ergy and scientific attainment and philanthropy applied for the welfare of man that inspired Senator PEN.ROSE when a boy and pointed him the way of duty and where promise was re­splendent and the reward of achievement made certain.

Senator PENROSE was a statesman and philosopher, yet a pure democrat in his contact with men. While vast and over· shadowing were often his engagements, he could become deeply intere ted in the details of the smalle t concerns for others, and it was in countless instances that he extended the hand of helpfulness to the afflicted and bro'Qght rejoicing to many who otherwise would have despaired of relief. There was an -intensity and sacredness about his devotion to the performance Of erery detail relating to the discharge of his duties, and that 'nothing might be oYerlooked he employed many skilled as­sistants and the ablest secretaries obtainable, three masters of detail long in this trusted, confidential association being ·col. Wesley R. Andrews, Mr. W. Harry Baker, and Mr. Leighton Taylor.

And after all, it ls faithfulness in the performance of duty that entitles a man to the fah·-and-square estimate of his merits and the gratitude of those whom he served.

Thus the keystone of the arch of the Republic, Senator PEmtOSE represented in the world's greatest forum, and there among peerless men, many of them the Nation's most brilliant, he spent a quarter of a century the peer of any, and died while their leader in shaping· the great tariff bill which bears his name and that of bis beloYed friend, JosEPH FoRDNEY.

It was in this very Hall, on February 27, 1882, that James G. Blaine, in paying tribute to the martyred Presiuent, James A. Garfield, said in part:

Great ln life, he was surpassingly great in death. He begged to be taken to the ea, and gently and silently the love of the great people bore the pale sufferer to the healing of the boundless waters of the deep. He looked out wistfully on the ocean's changing wonders, on ·us tar sails, whitening in the morning light; on its restless waves. rolllng a bore to break and die beneath the noonday sun ; on the red clouds of e-venfng, arching low to the horizon ; on the serene and shining path­way of the stars. Let us believe that in the silence of the receding world he heard the great waves breaking on the farther shore and felt already on his wasted brow the breath of eternal morning.

Nothing in the life of Senator PENROSE was so profoundly heroic as his resignation to the inevitable, which he faced with tmwayering courage. That end he knew had been decreed and that the hours for earth were fast passing; then, like the mar­tyred Garfield, this giant among men repaired to a place of rest in the Capital City which overlooked the center of the Nation's Government, yet secluded. Just before him stood a fringe of green-belted forest, and beyond the ma terpieces of architecture set against the Lincoln :Memorial, the Wa hlngton Monument, and the Capitol, and in the distance tlle hills of l\Ia1·yland; to the south, and in full view, the majestic and historic Potomac. To Sena tor PENBO .. E this all offered charm and enchantment, even though he contemplated tlle early draw­ing of the curtain that was to reveal the shores of eternal day.

From this sunlit resting place he could see every part of the city, and a flood of happy memories must often have swept through bis mind as he contemplated the scene spread before ]Jim. His wa a. great, profound mind, and clear must have been his conception of what he was approaching with such rare fortitude. No complaint was ever heard from him. His was the suffering of the Spartan. Only a few days before the soul took its flight my ~olleague, Congressman HENRY W. WATSON, and I, both of us close friends of Senator PENROSE from early life, were hi guests at his apartments, and a more gracious ho t never welcomed friends than did Senator PENROSE on that evening. Dete ting ostentation, he held in contempt vain con­ceit, and freelr, in a spirit of mirth, characterized the snob and buffoon. To him life was serious, and yet no man more greatly

enjoyed the human viewpoint or could more quickly or sharply rebuke the umeal and the counterfeit.

Thus, brave and great and useful in life, he did not shrink when the pale messenger a_pproached hi. l>ed"ide but an.swerecl the summons as those who knew him be"t expected. He pus ed into the shadows without ceremony or circumstance, ancl tlJus, in the last act, a during his entire life, there wa expre ed his aversion for anything suggesting the spectacular.

The Nation loses a state man and trained servant and a faithful official, while his party is bereft of an unbeaten leader whose wise counsel wlll long be missed.

His friends to-clay mourn a companion and coun elor, who. e acts of kindness and love and unselfish helpfulness will be cherished and remain ineffaceable through every cycle of time.

Before retiring from the floor, I feel that on account of my long personal acquaintance with and my bigh admiration fot· the public services of Senator KNOX and Senator CROW, nnd also of the opportunity I had of as ociation with !\.Ir. Co. NELL, as well as with his father, I should like to say a few word.3 about each of these distinguished gentlemen.

While I have not read every speech delivered by Senator KNox, or every opinion given by him, or every one of his deci­sions when he was Secretary of State, it is my opinion that hi address at .Getty burg in 1911 is the briefest, . yet the most pro­found, exposition of the cau8es of the Civll War and of the liope for future liberty and the perpetuation of this Union that I have read anywhere. Further, hi address in the Senate on the question of the League of Nation , the shortest address de­livered on the subject, covered the case entfrely in no more than three pages of the ordinary size in which we ·end out our speeches. I believe what he said there, in its brevity and clar­ity and tremendous power and understandability, his explanation that it meant an association and affiliation for war purposes with Europe, had as much to do with the rejection gf that intolerable League of Nations as any other deliverance or all the other de­liverances combined on the subject. In the light of all that I have known and read of the sp~hes and decisions of men of pow.er and genius and statesmanship in this Republic, these two utterances meet two situations more clearly than all the other things I have read on these two questions.

As has been said in admiration and pride, Senator CROW wa a product of the evolution of the politics of Pennsylvania. I have briefly enumerated a few of the accomplishments of the great leader of the dominant party in Pennsylrnnia and the progressive measu1·es which lie as isted in enacting into law. He was one of the most abused and maligned men in America until he died, and now come the encomiums even of those wh attacked him most bitterly.

So Senator CBow was a man of most benevolent impulses. As his dear friend, Mr. KENDALL, and another friend, Colonel CRAGO, have said, he was of a temperament which reflected the one great method of accomplishing result.a in American politic , namely, that no man can have his way entir~ly and in full, on the assumption that any man can be infallible, nor has he the right to presume that he is always and entirely right. Hence Senator C&ow, with broad vision, with real statesmanship, met his political enemies half way, and as a re'"'ult we have llad splendid concord in the western part of the State of Pennsyl­vania. We had the opportunity to assist in advancing him and are proud to-day to refer to his memory as one of the brightest and most honorable careers in the history of our party in Pennsylvania in recent years.

Of oru· friend Mr. Co::.'iNELL I wish to say that when I fir t came to this House I met his father. Much like Senato1· CRow, lle was of a benevolent, charitable, forgiving spirit, the kind of man who cares to accomplish results rather than to wreak vengeance. Re was not a man of reprisals, but rather of compromise and helpfulness to both sides, and there i of record a most notable instance in Pennsylvania where by the exercise of that spirit he saved the Republican Party a backset probably for many years. I knew him here. He was held in high esteem. His son had every reason to reverence his mem­ory. A man who started at the bottom round in the vicinity of Scranton, he accumulated a fortune. He was benevolent in the wide distribution of his wealth, in the building of churches, in the helpfulness of the poor, his hand always extended to the weak and the unfortunate. The best I could say of my young friend, his son, and the best he would wnnt me to say, is that in that re&'Pect he emulated his father. As we knew him no one could have been more companionable, and as you knew him a little better it was revealed that he had a wide range of knowledge, gained by extensiYe travel. Having been in Europe, and in every city of Ew·ope, many time , and in the far recesses of South America, he was l'ond of detailing in most interesting

1923. OONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SEN~i\_TE. 392-9 ancl instructive narrative hi contact and as ·ociation with those strange people.

I cnn not help feeling how great has been the Io. to Penn­s:rlrnnia in the death of the e men. 'Vhen we think how long, r·ea, how many centuries it took to develop and refine minds such as tlle e men possessed, we appreciate our loss, in fact we are appalled. All we can do is simply to go ahead and striYe for tl1e best, and as nearly as possible follow their ex­ample, whic.h bus been good and great and inspiring. Under their leader hip vast progress has been made and great ruuni'ft­cence." and benefaction have been bestowed. We can simply emulate fuem and hold them in fond recollection, affection, and low.

1\lr. FOCHT again took the chair as Speaker pro terupore. l\lr. CRAGO. · Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that

all Members who have spoken may have permission to extend theil' remark in the RECORD, and that those who have not spoken mar have five dnys in which to insert in the RF.CORD remarks concerning the Members whom we have remembered to-uay. .

The SPEAK.ER pro tempore. The gentleman from Penn­sylYania a "ks unanimou consent that all Members who have spoken may have ·the privilege of extending their remarks in the RECORD, and that other Members may ha.ve five days in which to print remark in memory of the dece.ased Members. Is there objection?

There wa no objection.

:\Ir. WALTERS. l\1r. Speaker, within two years we have witne sed the passing of five men named by the people of Penn­sylvania to repre ent them in the American Congress. : In order they were: l\l.AHLON H. GARLAND, Pnrr.ANDER C. KNox, Bou:s PENBOSE, WILLIAM E. C&ow, and CHARLES R. CONNELL. Others have and will bear testimony to the eminent personal worth of these sons of the Keystone State. Others have and wm recall the distinguished public services of these represe:uta­the Pennsylvanians. I de il'e to add a personal ·testimonial to the memory of OHARq;s R. CoNNELL.

:\Ir. CoN ~ELL came to the Congress rich in experience. He was a type of Pennsylvania's progressive buslnes men. Proud of his heritage, proud of his State, proud of his community, he gave richly of his personal abilities and fortune that the life-giving industries of Scranton might prosper and the com­munity prosper with them. A tYPe of Pennsylvania's business men, ·OHARLES R. CONNELL possessed a high regard for the gen­eral welfare, and leaves a record which might well be emulated.

In performing his duties as a Member of Congress Mr. CoN-1'ELL carried the same regard for strict integrity that he did in private business. Ile viewed every governmentul problem broadly. No personal interest, no local interest, no partisan plea could compel him to deviate from what he regarded as a plain duty. He sought with all the energy of his fine nature to serve those who had expressed trust in him. It was char­acteristic of his service in Washington that no personal inter­est, political or otherwise, could influence his decision.

The charm of Mr. CoNNELL's personality attracted men, and he held as close friends perhaps more than the usual number of his associates in the House. Com_ing back among us with the knowledge that his days were numbered, he went about with his usual genial word e.nd smile, with llis accustomed good nature and willingness to aid. Hi!> courage in the face of the inevitable was remarkable. His memory will long linger with those who knew him best. -

l\lr. APPLEBY. Mr. Speaker, under the permi ion given l\lembers to extend their remarks in the RECORD upon the death of our beloved colleague, I should not want this occasion to pa~ s without joining with the other Members present in te~tifying to his splendid personality, nobllity of character, nnd value to his country of his short public career.

Mr. CONNELL, in common with myself, was elected to Congress in November, 1920. He was one of the first Members of the Hou e with whom I became acquainted. That acquaintance ripened into a warm friendship, and in listening to the eulogies pre ented this afternoon by his colleagues, many from his own State, I am satisfied that the early judgment I formed of the man was a correct one. Always ·considerate of others, even tempered, self-controlled, kind, and gentle, he made warm friends, whom he held in growing attachment. One of my earliest recollections of the man was the pride which he so f re­quently expressed in being one of the few Members who had the distinction of representing In Congress the same district

once represented by their fathers. The elder Connell, now de· cea ·ed, repre~ented this same Pennsylvania district some 20 years prior to our colleague's election.

Mr. CoN~'ELL broug~t to the House of Representatives a ripe business e),,··perience gained through the management of several large manufacturing plants, as well as serrtce on the boards of directors of sernral hanking institutions.. His practical, com­mon sense, sound judgment, sterling honesty, and high ideals at once marked hlm as a valuable l\Iember of this legislative body. He was exactly the type of man needed-a business man in CongTe"'s. May we have more men of his courage, faith, ability, and firmne s !

To have acted with him in the work of important legLSlation was a privilege, and to meet him socially and learn of his fine traits of character, and to have counted him my friend, was an inspiration.

During the rece s of Congress last summer he was stricken with a fatal illness, and in August, in the homestead of his fathei·, in whkh lie had so long resided, in the beautiful resi­dential section of the city of Scranton, surrounded -by his de­voted family, our beloved colleague passed on to 'his just re­ward. Sadly missed by the many friends he had made in this legislative body, mourned by bis thousands of employees, and amid the tear of the hos.ts of his admiring friends he was buried in his native city. He was an honor to the State and the Nation. He died at his post of duty a faithful public servant, loved foe hi. fraiik and manly <lealings with his fellows, his loyalty to hi trusts of high re ponsibillty, and his modest and unassuming mode of life. Per onalts., I felt, and still feel, the keeucst ·ense of loss, and I am glad to pay this feeble tribute to his memory. l\Iay it linger with us for many years. But in a full life, nobly lived, such as that of CHARLES n. CoN~"'ELL, there .:hould be no sadness of farewell. He has but gone to his reward. In the words of the immortnl Tennyson:

Sunset and evening star, .And one cleat· call tor, mer

And may there be no moaning of the bar When I put out to st>a,

But such a tide as moving seems a Jeep, Too full for sound and foam,

When that which drew from out the boundles deep Turns again home.

Twilight and evening bell, And after that the dark !

.ind may there be no sadnes of farewell, When I embark ;

For tho' from out our bourne of Time ana Place The flood may bear me far,

I hope to see my Pilot face to face­Wheu I have crost the bar.

ADJOURKMEJS'T.

Mr. CRAGO. Mr. Speaker, in o.ccordance wlth the. re.solu­tion previously adopted, I move that the Honse do now ad-journ. .

The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 2 o'clock and 35 minute p. m.) the House adjourned until Monday, l!,ebruary 19, 1923, at 12 o'clock noon.

SENATE.

l\foND.lY, Feb'rua.ry 19, 19£3. The Senate met at 11 o'clock a. m. The Chaplain, ReY. J. J. Muir, D. D., offered tlle following

prayer: Our Father, help us to realize that life is a constant benedic­

tion, and as we spend it for higher interests enable us to recog­nize the privileges given unto us, so that de.Hy and hourly we may have in mind Tl1y glory nnd the best interests of our loved land. Hear and help us through this day's service. For Ghrist Jesus' sake. Amen. -_

THE JOUilN AL.

The reading clerk proc.eecled to read the Journal of the pro­ceedings of Saturday, when, on the request of Mr. CURTIS and by unanimous con._ ent, the further reading was dispensed with and the Journal was approved.

CJ.LL OF THE BOLL.

Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, I suggest tlie absence of a quorum.

The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secretary will call the roll.