1he American College of FooT&ANKLE �

ORTHOPEDICS

Edited by: V. Kathleen Satterfield, DPM, FACFAOM, Co-Editor Daniel Patrick Evans, DPM, FACFAOM, Co-Editor

The American College of Foot & Ankle Orthopedics & Medicine

REVIEW TEXT IN

PODIATRIC ORTHOPEDICS & MEDICINE

Third Edition

Edited by: V. Kathleen Satterfield, DPM, FACFAOM, Co-Editor Daniel Patrick Evans, DPM, FACFAOM, Co-Editor

Copyright© 2019, The American College ofFoot &Ankle Orthopedics &Medicine

All rights reserved, Third Edition

Printed in the United States of America

Published by The American College of Foot &Ankle Orthopedics &Medicine 5272 River Road, Suite 500 Bethesda, MD 20816 800-265-8263

ISBN 0-9764122-0

Chapter 1.

Chapter 2.

Chapter 3.

Chapter 4.

Chapter 5.

Chapter 6.

Chapter 7.

Chapter 8.

Chapter 9.

Chapter 10.

Chapter 11.

Chapter 12.

Chapter 13.

Chapter 14.

Chapter 15.

Chapter 16.

Chapter 17.

Chapter 18.

Chapter 19.

Chapter 20.

Chapter 21.

Chapter 22.

Chapter 23.

CONTENTS Contributors v

Foreword . . 1X

About ACFAOM . Xl

Imaging/Radiology . 1

Laboratory Medicine .41

Pharmacology . .57

Emergency Medicine .89

Trauma to the Foot and Ankle. 103

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation . 163

Biomechanics . 181

Foot Orthoses and Pedorthics. 199

Sports Medicine . 209

General Pediatrics 225

Common Pediatric Deformities 247

Anesthesia 255

Surgical Criteria And Complications 267

General Medicine 293

Peripheral Vascular Disease . 303

Rheumatology . 321

Podiatric Dermatology. 337

Endocrine 351

Neurology 375

Infectious Diseases 401

Wound Care 427

Osseous Neoplasms . 443

Public Health- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Relevant Topics 465

Answer Key. 491

iv I ACFAOM Review Text

CoNTRIBUTORS CHAPTER 1

IMAGING/RADIOLOGY Daniel P. Evans, DPM, FACFAOM, FFPM RCP S(Glasg)

Professor, Department of Podiatric Medicine & Radiology Dr. W illiam Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine Rosalind Franklin University North Chicago, IL

Robert L. Baron, DPM, FACFAOM Former Professor & Chair, Department of Radiology Dr. William Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine Rosalind Franklin University North Chicago, IL

Robert Christ man, DPM, EdM, FACFAOM Professor of Podiatric Medicine, Surgery, & Biomechanics College of Podiatric Medicine Western University of Health Sciences Pomona, CA

CHAPTER 2

LABORATORY MEDICINE Philip E. Ward, DPM

Clinical Faculty School of Osteopathic Medicine Campbell University Lillington, NC

Merideth L. Ward, DPM Associate Podiatrist Moore Foot and Ankle Specialists Asheville, N C

CHAPTER 3

PHARMACOLOGY Robert G. Smith, DPM, MSc, RPh, CPed

Shoe String Podiatry Ormand Beach, FL

CHAPTER 4

EMERGENCY MEDICINE Jason Harrill, DPM, FACFAOM, FACFAS

Desert Foot &Ankle, P C Mesa, AZ

Jason Linder, MD Director of Emergency Medicine Dignity Health Chandler Regional Hospital Chandler, AZ

CHAPTER 5

TRAUMA TO THE FOOT AND ANKLE George F. Wallace, DPM, MBA

Director, Podiatry Service &Medical Director, Ambulatory Care Services University Hospital Newark, NJ

John H. Walt er, Jr., DPM Philadelphia, PA

vi I ACFAOM Review Text

CHAPTER 6

PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION

James McGuire, PT, DPM, CPed, FAPWH Associate Professor Director, Leonard Abrams Center School of Podiatric Medicine Temple University Philadelphia, PA

Steven]. Pettineo, DPT, OCS, CSCS Clinical Associate Professor Chair, Department of Biomechanics & Director, Physical Therapy School of Podiatric Medicine Temple University Philadelphia, PA

CHAPTER 7

BIOMECHANICS Scott Spencer, DPM, FACFAOM

Associate Professor College of Podiatric Medicine Kent State University Independence, 0 H

CHAPYIEI 8

FOOT ORTHOSES AND PEDORTHICS Stephen Albert, DPM, FACFAOM

Assistant Clinical Professor College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky V ista University Parker, C O

Stephen Geller, DPM, FACFAS Chief of Podiatry Carl T Hayden VAM C Phoenix, AZ

CHAPTER 9

SPORTS MEDICINE Alex Kor, DPM, MS, FAAPSM, FASPS

Witham Foot &Ankle Associates Lebanon, IN

Rob Conenello, DPM, FAAPSM

Magali Fournier, DPM, FACFAS, FAAPSM

David W.Jenkins, DPM, FACFAS, FAAPSM

Dalia Krakowsky, DPM, FACFAS, FAAPSM, FASPS

Clint Laird, DPM, FACFAS, FAAPSM

Sona Ramdeth,Jr., DPM, FAAPSM

Jay Spector, DPM, FAAPSM Members American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine Walkersville, MD

(HAPTI:il 1 0

GENERAL PEDIATRICS Edwin]. Harris, D PM

Clinical Associate Professor Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation Loyola University Medical Center Maywood, IL

CHAPTER 1 1

COMMON PEDIATRIC DEFORMITIES Marc Benard, DPM

Assistant Director American Board of Podiatric Medicine Hermosa Beach, CA

Ronald Valmassy, DPM, FACFAOM Center for Sports Medicine

San Francisco, CA

CHAPTER 1 2

ANESTHESIA Marcos Rosado, DO

Beaumont Hospital Farmington Hills, M I

Marcos G . Rosado, MD Fayetteville Veterans Administration Health Care Center Fayetteville, NC

(HAPUR 1 3

SURGICAL CRITERIA AND COMPLICATIONS Isin Mustafa, DPM, MSHS

Kaplansky Foot and Ankle Clinic Columbus, O H

Jarrod Shapiro, DPM, FACFAOM, FACFAS Associate Professor College of Podiatric Medicine Western University of Health Sciences Pomona, CA

CHAPTER 1 4

GENERAL MEDICINE Crystal Holmes, DPM, CWSP

Clinical Associate Professor Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes Michigan Medicine Ann Arbor, M I

Gary M . Rothenberg, DPM, CDE, CWS Clinical Assistant Professor Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes Michigan Medicine Ann Arbor, M I

CHAPTER 1 5

PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE G.Javier Cavazos, DPM, FACFAOM

RGV Footcare Edinburg, TX

Rosemay Michel, DPM, FACFAOM Staff Podiatrist Fayetteville VA Medical Center Fayetteville, NC

Terry D. Weaver, DPM, FACFAOM Lebanon, PA

CHAPTER 1 6

RHEUMATOLOGY Roger W. Marcus, MD, FACR

Chief Rheumatology Section Upper Chesapeake Hospital Center Baltimore, MD

Robert S. Marcus, DPM, FACFAOM Founder & President

Contributors vii

Academy of Continuing Podiatric Medical Education Teaneck, NJ

Ralph Marcus, MD, FACR Associate Professor The University of Medicine &Dentistry of NJ New Brunswick, NJ

CHAPTER 1 1

DERMATOLOGY Tracey C. Vlahovic, DPM, FFPM RCPS(Glasg)

Clinical Professor School of Podiatric Medicine Temple University Philadelphia, PA

CHAPTER 1 8

ENDOCRINOLOGY Coleen Napolitano, D PM, FACFAOM, FACFAS

Associate Professor Stritch School of Medicine Loyola University Maywood, IL

Ann Zmuda, DPM Associate Professor University of Chicago Chicago, IL

CHAPTER 1 9

NEUROLOGY James Mahoney, DPM, FACFAS

Professor College of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery

Des Moines University Des Moines, IA

vii i I ACFAOM Review Text

(HAPTE!t 20

INFECTIOUS DISEASES Warren Joseph, DPM, F IDSA Consultant, Lower Extremity Infectious Diseases Roxborough Memorial Hospital Philadelphia, PA

Mark Kosinski, DPM, FIDSA Professor, Department of Medicine New York College of Podiatric Medicine New York, NY

CHAPTER :21

WOUND CARE St ephen Geller, DPM, FACFAS

Chief of Podiatry Carl T Hayden VAM C Phoenix, AZ

Sari Priesand, DPM Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, & Diabetes Michigan Medicine Ann Arbor, M I

CHAPTER 22

OSSEOUS NEOPLASMS Daniel P. Evans, DPM. FACFAOM, FFPM RCP S(Glasg)

Professor, Department of Podiatric Medicine & Radiology Dr. W illiam Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine Rosalind Franklin University North Chicago, IL

CHAPTER 23

PUBLIC HEALTH - BIOSTATISTICS, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RELEVANT TOPICS Leonard A. Levy, DPM, MPH

Professor Emeritus Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, F lorida

Jacqueline B. Truong, DPM, MPH Associate Professor College of Podiatric Medicine Western University of Health Sciences Pomona, CA

FOREWORD It has been a privilege to produce this significantly updated reference text for you. W hether you are sitting for a certification examination or if you need a quick reference in your office, podiatric physicians will be able to continue to turn to the ''ACFAOM Book'' for what they need. It is a tradition for which we are very proud.

Life happens when you set out on a significant project like this. It was interrupted several times by life-threatening illnesses in both of our families, job changes and professional challenges. But, because of the strong support of our families and coworkers it is now in your hands. Many thanks to Timothy Satterfield and Jane Evans, our

understanding spouses.

We would like to also thank the initial editors and authors, who came before us. They laid a foundation that allows

the text to be updated and made even more useful for each generation of podiatric physicians. We are amazed at how much has changed in our field. New medications are introduced; imaging modalities are developed and even new diagnoses are recognized. Podiatric medicine and surgery are not static fields but continue to grow just as you do in your own practices.

Finally we would like to thank those people who have helped us to create this particular edition. Our work

colleagues who allowed us the time to pursue this endeavor high among them. Special thanks to Dr. Lester ].Jones, a pioneer in podiatric medicine, who assisted in editing this book when he could be called away from his duties as

Interim Dean ofWestern University College of Podiatric Medicine. Lastly, thank you to Norman Wallis, PhD, the

executive director of ACFAOM whose diligence and unswerving commitment to excellence has helped to guide us.

V. Kathleen Satterfield, DPM, FACFAOM, Co-Editor

Daniel P. Evans, DPM, FACFAOM, Co-Editor