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1TPP will pass but its tough PCs key

Behsudi 1/12 Adam Behsudi is a trade reporter for POLITICO Pro. With help from Victoria Guida, DouPalmer a!d "achar# Warm$rodt %&'(), Adam, Politico, *Brad#+ TPP !ot #et hu!# dor#-,http+///.politico.comtipsheetsmor!i!0trade&'()'($rad#0tpp0!ot0#et0hu!#0dor#0shel$#0to0let0e10im0

!omi!atio!s0slip0a/a#0south0africa0u!der0pressure0&(&((2 345

B6AD7 O8 T6AD9 : Tha!s to all /ho tur!ed out for our e;e!i! co!;ersatio! /ith s Dou Palmer+ *The White ;e ot to loo at that areeme!t i! its e!tiret#, ?!d /a#s to impro;e theareeme!t i! areas /here the areeme!t !eeds impro;i! a!d $ri! it to the Foor ,-the Te1as 6epu$lica! co!ti!ued, addi! he $elie;ed it /as *importa!t- for Co!ress to ;oteo! the pact $ecause of its pote!tial to positi;el# shape the rules for trade i! thehue Asia0Paci?c reio!. 4ea!/hile, Brad#said he does!>t oppose the admi!istratio!si!i! the areeme!t i! earl# e$ruar#, despite complai!ts some la/maers ha;eraised. *I>m less co!cer!ed a$out the date that the# si! it tha! that E3T6 a!d theadmi!istratio! co!ti!ue their /or addressi! these mem$ers> co!cer!s, -Brad# said. *Ifthe# co!ti!ue to do that a!d /e ca! ?!d some commo! rou!d for mem$ers, the!the process ca! o for/ard.-IT>3 TE93DA7, HA8. (& Welcome to 4or!i! Trade, /here /e>re thi!i! of tradeappropriate so!s to cele$rate Da;id Bo/ie>s life. 4a#$e, *The 4a! Who 3old the World-J http+$it.l#(OK"W. Let me !o/ if #ou

ha;e a!# $etter tri$utes or a!# trade !e/s+ a$ehsudiMpolitico.com or Ma$ehsudi. B6AD7>3 39839 O DOEBT+ O! a!other timi!co!cer!, Brad# ac!o/leded that the 4a# (N deadli!e for the E.3. I!ter!atio!al Trade Commissio! to complete its eco!omic impactstud# of the TPP left relati;el# fe/ da#s for Co!ress to co!sider the pact $efore recessi! i! mid0Hul# for the preside!tial!omi!ati! co!;e!tio!s a!d the Auust $rea. But *I>d rather the#>d ust et it accurate,- tha! rush to complete the stud#, Brad#said. *Get it as soo! as possi$le, $ut mae it somethi! /e ca! rel# o!. I thi! that>s the e#.- Brad# said he e1pected his committee

to hold a heari! o! the TPP pact as earl# as e$ruar# a!d promisedla/maers /ould ha;e the opportu!it#to lear! all the# /a!ted a$out the pact $efore Co!ress ;otes.3e!ate i!a!ceCommittee Chairma! Orri!


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3eu! 4i! =im is a! assista!t editor /ho co;ers Co!ress for POLITICO///.politico.comstor#&'(R'Qimmiratio!0reform0co!ress0((RNN'.html 0(0(R m$c5

3i!ed $# their defeat i! the $attle o;er t a$out to re!e/ their ?ht aai!st Preside!t Barac O$ama>s e1ecuti;e

actio!s o! immiratio! a!#time soo!. Whe! the GOP0co!trolled 3e!ate $e!t to Democraticdema!ds to fu!d the D epartme!t of < omela!d 3 ecurit#, eUecti;el# u!dercutti!co!ser;ati;es /ho /ere /illi! to allo/ the ae!c# to shut do/! u!til O$ama$aced do/! , there /as tal of 3e!ate GOP leaders retur!i! to the immiratio!issue to ?!d !e/ /a#s to th/art O$ama>s orders . 3tor# Co!ti!ued Belo/ But fe/ /ithi! the GOPe1pect a!# i!d of immiratio! de$ate i! the 3e!ate i! the foreseea$le future.The issue has $ee!releated to the $ac $ur!er as 6epu$lica!s i!stead focus o! the $udet, tradedeals a!d, possi$l#, ta1 reform. *At this poi!t, /e ha;e a lot of other issues to do ,-said 3e!. 3usa! Colli!s %604ai!e5, /ho authored sta!d0alo!e leislatio! to $loc O$ama>s immiratio! directi;es.

*I>m ;er# happ# the Departme!t of s o;erreach /ith his e1ecuti;e order of last 8o;em$er is

pro$a$l# oi! to e!d up $ei! decided $# the courts. A!d that>s !ot a $ad optio!.- 3e!ate 6epu$lica! leadership aides also i!dicated that the cham$er is !ot liel# toretur! to the Colli!s leislatio! i! the !e1t se;eral /ees: a /or period that /ill $edomi!ated $# a!ti0traci! leislatio!, !omi!atio!s, a ?scal &'() $udet a!d perhaps a! Ira! $ill. I! the s appeal /ill co!ti!ue to shri!.- 6eform ad;ocates /ere$uo#ed /he! the 3e!ate o;er/helmi!l# passed a s/eepi! $ipartisa! $ill i! Hu!e&'(Q. But the measure stalled i! the s e1ecuti;e actio!s, /hich are deepl# despised$# 6epu$lica!s, liel# e1ti!uished a!# remai!i! prospects of this White s directi;es . A!d GOP leaders,/ar# of criticism from co!ser;ati;es /ho are irdi! for com$at o;er immiratio!, /o!>t close the door e!tirel# o!re;isiti! it.

TPPs key to solidiyi!g a coopeati%e -*.*i!o eco!o"ic

elatio!ship ... sol%es *C* co!icts a!d Chi!ese !a%al build.up

Patric 0e!dis 1, 3e!ior ello/ a!d Aliate Professor at the 3chool of Pu$lic Polic#, Geore 4aso!E!i;ersit#., 4arch (Qth, &'(Q, s Asia pi;ot a!d the TPP ca! $e!e?t 3i!oAmerica! relatio!s,http+///.eastasiaforum.or&'(Q'Q')ho/0/ashi!to!s0asia0pi;ot0a!d0the0tpp0ca!0$e!e?t0si!o0america!0relatio!s

ButWashingtons pivot strategy is better understood within a new framework of mutuallyassured prosperity(MAP) a twist on the old War !ontainment pra!ti!es ba!ked by a do!trine of mutually assured

destru!tion (MA")#$%irst& at present& strong interdependent e!onomi! relations e'istas importere'porter&debtor!reditor and !onsumerprodu!erbetween the nited *tates and hina# +hisalready for!esthe two !ountriesto !autionandresort to trade diploma!ywithin the W+, framework& rather than retaliatory !ompetition ormilitary threats to resolve differen!es#$*e!ond& *inoAmeri!an trade and !ommer!ial history suggests that


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!onvergen!e between the two largest e!onomies intensifying indire!tly and multilaterally

through the TPP mayinstead solidiy this e'isting symbioti! eco!o"ic elatio!ship#*in!e Ameri!as founding& !ommer!e has been the uniting fa!tor among states and with foreign nations# +o a!hieve +homas-effersons vision of an ./mpire of 0iberty& Ale'ander 1amilton devised an ingenious strategy that entailed a strong manufa!turingbase& a national banking system& the !entralised federal government and an e'port2led e!onomi! and trade s!heme prote!ted by the* 3avy# *imilarly& "eng 4iaopings e'port2led liberalisation of hinese e!onomi! poli!y also impli!itly re!ognised the role of tradeand !ommer!e as a unifier of peoples#$+here are three dimensions to the new MAP framework geopoliti!s& geo2e!onomi!s and

geo2se!urity intertwined to the e'tent that the lines of distin!tion between ea!h are blurred# 5eopoliti!ally& Washingtons re2engagement with the Asia Pa!ifi! after a de!ade of distra!tion is not so mu!h a paradigm shift as the revival of a traditional andhistori! role# *in!e the old War& the nited *tates has underwritten the regional se!urity ar!hite!ture through bilateral ties with

allies su!h as Australia& -apan& *outh 6orea& the Philippines and +hailand# 7n re!ent years as *outh hina *ea tensions

have intensified& Bei8ings per!eived use of for!e in its own neighborhood !auses weaker states to9uestion the ne!essity of its !urrent status as a regional hegemon& and to look for a balan!er#

Ameri!as returnto the Asian region reassures stakeholders that hina will not overwhelm itsneighbors#$/!onomi!ally& throughtrade engagement and transparen!y via the TPP& Washington affords

smaller !ountries the opportunity to !olle!tively rebalan!e asymmetries in bilateral trade withhina without undermining hina as a valued and vital trade partner# This si"ulta!eously

eli"i!ates the !eed o !a%al co"petitio! educi!g the likelihood o

hostile e!gage"e!t o%e *outh China *ea disputesof the so2!alled gunboat diploma!y sort a term

often applied to Washingtons histori!ally preferred method of advan!ing foreign trade poli!y ob8e!tives in Asia#$Meanwhile& froma se!urity perspe!tive& hina will be able to !ontinue to prosper from regional stability# +hee'pansion of hinese military !apabilities and the establishment of ports of !all for P0A 3avy ships will seem less threatening if the* 3avy is engaged in the region in a !ooperative& multilateral fashion& avoiding dire!t !onfrontation but impli!itly pro8e!ting theshow of for!e without war to restrain the adversarial behaviour# +his may give hina the spa!e to ease into its role as the dominant but not domineering regional power in a way that will best serve its own e!onomi! growth and national se!urity interests# 7t is

also the finest insuran!e poli!y for hina that holds over :; trillion worth of Ameri!an treasury se!urities#$ltimately& a regional

TPP2led free trade


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o;er!me!t threate!ed to attac Chi!a /ith !uclear /eapo!s duri! the =orea!War a!d, later, duri! the co!Fict o;er the future of Chi!a>s oUshore isla!ds,uemo# a!d 4atsu. I! the midst of the latter co!fro!tatio!, Preside!t D/iht 9ise!ho/er declared pu$licl#,a!d chilli!l#, that E.3. !uclear /eapo!s /ould *$e used ust e1actl# as #ou /ould use a $ullet or a!#thi! else.- Ofcourse, Chi!a did!>t ha;e !uclear /eapo!s the!. 8o/ that it does, perhaps the $eha;ior of !atio!al leaders /ill $emore temperate. But the loose !uclear threats of E.3. a!d 3o;iet o;er!me!t ocials duri! the Cold War, /he!$oth !atio!s had ;ast !uclear arse!als, should co!;i!ce us that, e;e! as the militar# a!te is raised, !uclear sa$er0

rattli! persists. 3ome pu!dits arue that !uclear /eapo!s pre;e!t /ars $et/ee!!uclear0armed !atio!s a!d, admittedl#, there ha;e!>t $ee! ;er# ma!#:at least !ot #et. But the=aril War of (222, $et/ee! !uclear0armed I!dia a!d !uclear0armed Paista!,should co!;i!ce us that such/ars ca! occur. I!deed, i! that case, the co!Fict almostslippedi!to a !uclear /ar .Paista!>s forei! secretar# threate!ed that, if the /ar escalated, his cou!tr#felt free to use *a!# /eapo!- i! its arse!al. Duri! the co!Fict, Paista! did mo;e !uclear /eapo!s to/ard its$order, /hile I!dia, it is claimed, readied its o/! !uclear missiles for a! attac o! Paista!. At the least, thouh,

do!>t !uclear /eapo!s deter a !uclear attacJ Do the#J O$;iousl#, 8ATO leaders did!>tfeel deterred, for, throuhout the Cold War, 8ATO>s strate# /as to respo!d to a3o;iet co!;e!tio!al militar# attac o! Wester! 9urope $# lau!chi! a Wester!!uclear attac o! the !uclear0armed 3o;iet E!io! . urthermore, if E.3. o;er!me!t

ocials reall# $elie;ed that !uclear deterre!ce /ored, the# /ould !ot ha;eresorted to champio!i! *3tar Wars- a!d its moder! ;aria!t, !atio!al missile defe!se. Wh# arethese ;astl# e1pe!si;e:a!d pro$a$l# u!/ora$le:militar# defe!se s#stems !eeded ifother !uclear po/ers are deterred from attaci! $# E.3. !uclear mihtJ Of course, the$ottom li!e for those America!s co!;i!ced that !uclear /eapo!s safeuard themfrom a Chi!ese !uclear attac miht $e that the E.3. !uclear arse!al is far reatertha! its Chi!ese cou!terpart.Toda#, it is estimated that the E.3. o;er!me!t possesses o;er ?;ethousa!d !uclear /arheads, /hile the Chi!ese o;er!me!t has a total i!;e!tor# of rouhl#three hu!dred. 4oreo;er, o!l# a$out fort# of these Chi!ese !uclear /eapo!s ca!reach the E!ited 3tates. 3urel# the E!ited 3tates /ould */i!- a!# !uclear /ar /ithChi!a. But /hat /ould that *;ictor#- e!tailJ A !uclear attac $# Chi!a /ould

immediatel# slauhter at least (' millio! America!s i! a reat storm of $last a!d?re, /hile lea;i! ma!# more d#i! horri$l# of sic!ess a!d radiatio! poiso!i!.The Chi!ese death toll i! a !uclear /ar /ould $e far hiher. Both !atio!s /ould $ereduced to smolderi!, radioacti;e /astela!ds. Also, radioacti;e de$ris se!t aloft $#the !uclear e1plosio!s /ould $lot out the su! a!d $ri! o! a 6!uclea wi!te'aou!d the globe 7destoyi!g agicultue ceati!g woldwide a"i!e a!d

ge!eati!g chaos a!d destuctio!&


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2The -!ited *tates edeal go%e!"e!t should

0 Impleme!t the eiht step polic# recomme!datio! as per our Bast e;ide!ce0 I!crease a!d mae semi0perma!e!t the curre!c# s/ap areeme!t /ith the

Ba!co de 4e1ico

That sol%es e%e!ues a!d agicultual e4pots

Bakst et al 18%Dare!0 research fello/ i! Aricultural polic#, 6o$ert Gordo!0 se!iorad;isor for strateic outreach, Dia!e =atZ0 research fello/ i! reulator# polic#. *3olutio!s&'(-. http+solutio!s.heritae.oraricultureGs food suppl#. Co!ress !ot o!l#e1pected the DA to ?ll i! far too ma!# aps i! the la/, $ut also a;e the ae!c# u!realistic deadli!es for the la/>s impleme!tatio!.

The result has $ee! a reulator# process that has $ee! rushed a!d a la/ /hosefaili!s ha;e $ecome more e;ide!t. Co!ress should dela# the ?!aliZatio! of a!#34A rules u!til the DA a!d the pu$lic ca! pro;ide ope! a!d tra!spare!t feed$acto Co!ress o! its impleme!tatio!. After recei;i! this feed$ac, Co!ress should mae cha!es i! thesu$sta!ce a!dor timi! of the la/, i!cludi! repeal of certai! sectio!s, to e!sure that the !atio! has a food safet# s#stem $ased o!

sou!d scie!ce a!d data. Oppose the "a!datoy labeli!g o ge!etically "odi3ed ood.rom the America! 4edical Associatio! a!d the DA to the World


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e!eticall# modi?ed ora!isms %G4Os5 are safe. Despite the scie!ce, ho/e;er, there are attempts o! the state a!d federalle;el to ma!date the la$eli! of G4Os. 3uch a ma!date /ould hurt co!sumers . A o;er!me!tG4O la$eli! ma!date /ould misi!form co!sumers $# i;i! them the impressio!that the o;er!me!t $elie;es there is somethi! /ro! /ith G4Os . This /ould $e completel#i!co!siste!t /ith sou!d scie!ce a!d the federal o;er!me!t>s o/! positio!. urther, compa!ies ca! alread# ;olu!taril# la$el theirproducts as $ei! !o!0G4O if the# choose to do so. G4Os are a critical i!!o;atio! that /ill help feed the /orld a!d eep prices lo/.

These misleadi! la$eli! reuireme!ts could u!dermi!e its de;elopme!t. ;ee ag icultual tade o"i!te%e!tio!. America! aricultural e1ports are proected to ha;e $ee! [(Q2.R $illio! i! ?scal #ear %75 &'(Q, /hich /ould$e a record hih. There are still si!i?ca!t opportu!ities for i!creasi! e1ports a!d, as a result, to create o$s a!d promote eco!omic

ro/th. 3ome of these opportu!ities are sua!dered /he! Co!ress su$sidiZesaricultural i!dustries, e!courai! forei! cou!tries to respo!d i! i!d a!d e;e! toretaliate if the E.3. is i! ;iolatio! of World Trade Ora!iZatio! rules . While other cou!tries ma#su$sidiZe their i!dustries or create trade $arriers reardless of E.3. actio!s, free trade /ill !e;er $e promoted$# creati! our o/! o$stacles that also hurt domestic co!sumers a!d i!dustries.Co!ress should !ot de;elop ariculture a!d trade polic# i! a ;acuum, looi! o!l#at the impact o! o!e i!dustr#, $ut i!stead should e1ami!e the e!tire eco!omicpicture. Co!ress should also proacti;el# e!courae reductio!s i! forei! trade $arriers that $loc America! products frome!teri! forei! marets. *epaate ood sta"ps o" agicultue policy &or decades,

Co!ress has passed farm $ills $# com$i!i! food stamps /ith aricultureprorams.This u!hol# allia!ce has e1isted for political purposes alo!e to help push throuh leislatio!. The presumptio! isthat rural leislators /ill push for farm polic# a!d ur$a! leislators /ill push for food stamps. 3eparatio! is theprereuisite for real reform of a ricultural polic# $ecause, lie food stamps, it !eedsto $e addressed o! its o/! merits. Co!ress should co!sider food stamps a!dariculture prorams i! t/o separate $ills, a!d the prorams should $e authoriZed o! staered schedules sothat there is !o pote!tial for o;erlap i! the future.

: cue!cy swap sol%es bilateal elatio!s

*ta ?@ %Pamela =., associate professor of i!ter!atio!al relatio!s at E3C a!d aformer professor of Lati! America! political eco!om# at the I!stituto Tec!ol\ico

Aut\!omo de 4]1ico, pu$lished i! the Paci?c Cou!cil, 8o!0partisa! a!d !ot0pro?tora!iZatio! i! Los A!eles /ith the oal of i;i! a more eUecti;e ;oice to WestCoast perspecti;es o! critical lo$al polic# issues, Y4e1ico a!d the E!ited 3tates+ AWi!do/ Of Opportu!it#JY, April &''2, ///.paci?ccou!cil.ordocume!t.docJid^QR8P5

Implicatio!s for E.3.04e1ico AUairs+ _ A Wi!do/ of Opportu!it#_ 9;e! the most optimistic sce!ario prese!ted here mea!s that lare mira!t Fo/s _ i!to the E!ited 3tates are liel# tore;i;e o!ce the E.3. eco!om# retur!s to ro/th a!d that _ 4e1ica! oil e1ports to the E!ited 3tates /ill almost certai!l# co!ti!ue to decli!e i! the #ears _ ahead. It is also u!liel# to$ecome si!i?ca!tl# easier for E.3. compa!ies to e!ha!ce their _ lo$al competiti;e!ess $# shifti! purchasi!, productio!, a!d other operatio!s to 4e1ico. _ Despite /ae escalatio!i! Chi!a a!d the e1pected re;i;al of hih tra!sportatio! costs that _ should u!dercut Asia>s competiti;e ede i! the productio! of ma!ufactured oods for the _ America! maret,4e1ico>s a$ilit# to pro;ide a competiti;e home for E.3. ma!ufacturers _ is limited $# i!adeuate i!frastructure, a de?cie!t educatio! s#stem, i!ecie!t reulatio! _ i! a! eco!om#domi!ated $# mo!opolies a!d oliopolies, archaic la$or la/s, a!d persiste!t _ political o$stacles to meeti! these challe!es._ 4e1ico>s securit# challe!e, ho/e;er, prese!ts thereatest pote!tial ris to E.3. _ !atio!al i!terests. Georaph# maes 4e1ico pi;otal to E.3. !atio!al securit#. or decades, _ 4e1ico has $ee! a mostl# sta$le a!d frie!dl# !eih$or,creati! a protecti;e cushio! o! our _ souther! $order. This histor# has allo/ed the E!ited 3tates to pa# little atte!tio! to 4e1ico>s _ strateic si!i?ca!ce. 7et if our souther! securit#cushio! $ei!s to fra# o/i! to the actio!s _ of 4e1ica! ora!iZed crime, E.3. i!terests /ill $e threate!ed o! multiple fro!ts. Border _ states are alread# feeli! the eUect of dru $attlesa!d corruptio! _ that spill i!to E.3. territor#. 4ore importa!t, a /eae!ed 4e1ica! _ o;er!me!t /ill ?!d it more dicult to impleme!t reforms _ !eeded to rei!force lo!0term political

a!d eco!omic sta$ilit#. _ A!da weak 0e4ico will be a less efecti%e bulwak agai!st


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_ $ri! to the $ilateral relatio!ship.3ecretar# of 3tate s remara$l#successful ;isit to 4e1ico i! 4arch &''2 /eded ope! that /i!do/. It _ left4e1ica!s hopeful for a $ilateral relatio!ship $ased o! part!ership a!d a $elief i!shared _ respo!si$ilit# for resol;i! commo! challe!es from lo$alcompetiti;e!ess a!d securit# _ to e!;iro!me!tal protectio! a!d pu$lic health. I!

this setti!, simple, pramatic polic# _ shifts could o a ;er# lo! /a# to/ardpromoti! 8orth America! prosperit#, securit#, a!d _ cooperatio! . _ 8orth America! Competiti;e!essa!d 9!er# Cooperatio!_ The $est /a# for the E!ited 3tates to help 4e1ico promote reco;er# a!d e!ha!ce _ eco!omic competiti;e!ess i! the !ear term is to put its o/! eco!omichouse i! order _ /ithout succum$i! to the e;ide!t protectio!ist impulse i! Co!ress. A E.3. reco;er# _ /ould re0esta$lish the e1port maret a!d sources of i!;estme!t capital that aree# to the _ health a!d i!!o;ati;e capacit# of the 4e1ica! eco!om#. A successful eUort to sa;e E.3. _ automaers /ould also e!sure the sur;i;al of their pla!ts i! 4e1ico, o!e of thelarest _ a!d most moder! a!d competiti;e seme!ts of the 4e1ica! ma!ufacturi! sector. A!d _ Preside!t O$ama>s promised i!frastructure i!;estme!t proram, i! co!u!ctio! /ith a_ parallel proram alread# u!der/a# i! 4e1ico, could easil# i!clude proects to impro;e _ the ai! a!d i!adeuate tra!sportatio! i!frastructure alo! the $order. This $ottle!ec is _

respo!si$le for e1te!si;e dela#s i! cross0$order trade that co!ti!ue to u!dermi!e 8orth _ America! eco!omic competiti;e!ess. The -!ited*tatesshould

also co!sideri!ceasi!g a!d _"aki!g se"i.pe"a!e!t the D? billio! cue!cy

swap agee"e!t betwee! the cou!tys _ce!tal ba!ks to po%ide a ! e%e!

3" e ooti!g o the 0e4ica! peso dui!g the cue!t _cisis&4ost importa!t, 4r. O$amamust resist pressure to re!eotiate the 8orth America! _ ree Trade Areeme!t i! a ma!!er that uses la$or a!d e!;iro!me!tal pro;isio!s as co;er _ for protectio!ist trade policies. As aclear si! of his /illi!!ess to do so, he should press _ Co!ress to ?!all# ho!or the E.3. commitme!t u!der 8ATA to allo/ 4e1ica! trucs to _ deli;er their caro $e#o!d the $order.


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E!tepetatio!. Fo"estic su%eilla!ce co%es -&*& citi


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8The 1:C ceates the i"age o a bight utue whee the

poducti%e a!d eco!o"ically useul i""iga!t e!tes the -*

a!d Goi!s the happy cew o -* wokesH this ho"o!atio!alist

state ceates the e4clusio! o the u!skilled uee woke which"ai!tai!s heteo!o"ati%ity a!d libeal e4clusio!

Oswi! 18Professor of Georaph# at 4cGill E!i;ersit# %8atalie, Sexualities,*ueer time i! lo$al cit# 3i!apore+ 8eoli$eral futures a!d the freedom to lo;e>-p. & &, &'(, http+se1.saepu$.comco!te!t((&.full.pdf5 s

With this i!;itatio! to !aturaliZatio!, the o;er!me!t sho/s a /illi!!ess to cha!e thecomple1io! of the !atio!al famil#,literall# as /ell as ?urati;el#. It positio!s mira!ts as !olo!er simpl# producti;e, $ut also sociall# reproducti;e mem$ers of the cit#0state,stati!+ 7ou a!d #our famil# mem$ers ha;e $e!e?ted from /hat 3i!apore has to oUer, ust as 3i!apore hasproressed a!d prospered /ith #our la$our a!d co!tri$utio!s. It is time to tae a step further a!d $ecome a part ofthe 3i!apore famil#. %3i!apore Immiratio! a!d Checpoi!ts Authorit#, &''5 This is a!other o!e of those

co!tro;ersial mo;es that the PAP is /illi! to mae for the sae of co!ti!ued prosperit# a!d eco!omic ro/th. Asthe immira!t populatio! s/ells, /orries o;er emplo#me!t prospects for !o!0immira!t 3i!aporea!s, risi!i!come aps a!d the !ature of 3i!apore ide!tit# i! this !e/ cosmopolis ha;e $ee! /ell articulated i! local pu$licdiscourse. I!deed, popular displeasure o;er this !e/ positio! o! immiratio! is ac!o/leded as o!e of se;eral

related reaso!s /h# the PAP had its /orst e;er sho/i! i! the &'(( e!eral electio!.(R I!cluded amo!those ;oici! their dissatisfactio! are mem$ers ofthe LGBT commu!it#. The# aretrou$led $# the possi$ilit#that the !e/ ocial sta!ce of tolera!ce to/ardshomose1ualit# is merel# a pramatic mo;eto placate the presumed desire of forei!tale!t> for a di;erse ur$a! e1perie!ce a!d, further,the# tae issue /ith the fact that/hile 3i!aporea! a#s a!d les$ia!s are de!ied full citiZe!ship, forei! mira!ts particularl# those formi! heterose1ual families are i!;ited i! to help reproducethe !atio! , cast as har$i!ers of a $riht future for the cit#0state %see C== Ta!, &''2 =P Ta!,&''5. But there are other ueer> issues at stae here. The 3i!apore o;er!me!t>s push for the !aturaliZatio! of

immira!ts is selecti;e. O!l# certai! immira!ts are e!couraed to !aturaliZe a!dsuita$ilit# is determi!ed i! direct relatio! to immiratio! cateor# .The desiredpote!tial !e/ immira!ts> are, i! short, forei! tale!t>,the local immiratio! cateor# for hihl# silledla$our mira!ts. 4ea!/hile, althouh o;er!me!t discourse has & 3e1ualities (%5 Do/!loaded fromse1.saepu$.com $# uest o! Hul# &R, &'(R ce!tred o! the !eed to $ri! tale!t> to the cit#0state, eUorts to $ecome

a leadi! creati;e cit# ha;e facilitated a much larer i!Fu1 of forei! /orers>, the 3i!apore o;er!me!t>sterm for less silled mira!ts.() This latter roup of mira!ts hails from such cou!tries as the Philippi!es,I!do!esia, Thaila!d a!d Ba!ladesh. The# /or larel# i! the domestic ser;ice, retail, a!d co!structio! sectors of

the eco!om#, a!d, i! co!trast to forei! tale!t>, the#are de?!itel# !ot part of the o;er!me!t>slo!0term populatio! pla!,!o matter ho/ lo/ the fertilit# rate ets %7eoh, &'') 7eoh a!d Cha!, &''(5.As Lee =ua! 7e/ has stated, orei! tale!t /ill create more o$s for 3i!aporea!s, /hile forei! /orers /ill doo$s locals a;oid a!d $ear the $ru!t of la#oUs i! a recessio!> %3traits Times, &''5. The# are cast as i!strume!tal

for a!d suppleme!tal to 3i!apore societ#, a!d are most de?!itel# !ot see! as /orth# of i!corporatio! ori!teratio!. As such, i! a ra!e of /a#s, the latter roup is allo/ed o!l# a furti;e prese!ce> /ithi! the cit#0state i!co!trast to the comparati;e rooted!ess e!o#ed $# forei! tale!t> %Teo a!d Piper, &''2+ (R'5. 4ost si!i?ca!tl#,forei! /orers> ca!!ot !aturaliZe. urther, the# ma# !ot $u# or re!t pu$lic or pri;ate housi!. 4ale /orers arereuired to li;e i! emplo#er0pro;ided dormitories that are cordo!ed oU i! ;arious /a#s from surrou!di!!eih$ourhoods. emale domestic /orers must li;e i! ofte! cramped uarters i! their emplo#ers> homes, a!d theirmo$ilit# outside the home is se;erel# curtailed as emplo#ers fear that maids> /ill ru! oU a!d their $o!d paid to theo;er!me!t for the emplo#ees> /or pass /ill $e forfeited %7eoh a!d ather i! particular pu$lic areas that 3i!aporea!s e!erall# a;oid, deridi! them as ph#sicall# a!dsociall# polluted la!dscapes> %7eoh a!d


11/34

forei! /orers> are cast as i!e;ita$l# alie! a!d i! !eed of strict sur;eilla!ce a!dsocial co!trol. 4uch e1isti! critical scholarshipi!terroates this forei! tale!t>>forei! /orer>disti!ctio! %=itiarsa, &''N Poo!, &''2 Teo a!d Piper, &''2 7eoh, &'')5. This /or focuses usefull#o! theclass, race a!d e!der $iases u!derpi!!i! this u!ust la$our reime . It e1ami!es thecomi! toether of elitism, esse!tialist !otio!s of multiculturalism, a!d portra#al of lo/0silled /or as femi!iZed to

other> forei! /orers>. These are useful e1pla!atio!s. But the#are u!dul# partial. or the# i!ore the

fact that, as 9ith!e Lui$heid arues, se1ualit#, hetero!ormati;it# a!d !ormaliZi! reimesi! e!eral structure all aspects of immiratio!> %Lui$heid, &''+ &QQ also see 4a!ala!sa!, &'')5.I! 3i!apore, the diUere!tiatio! of these t/o cateories of immira!ts hi!es cruciall#o! the starl# diUere!t /a#s i! /hich their i!timate li;es are reulated. Whileforei! tale!t> is i!;ited i!to the cit#0stateto help reproducethe !atio!, theperma!e!tl#e1tra0!atio!al state of forei! /orers> is achie;ed i! lare partthrouh their e1clusio!from the i!stitutio! of the famil#. As the 9mplo#me!t of orei! 9mplo#ees Act states+ the forei!emplo#ee shall !ot o throuh a!# form of marriae or appl# to marr# u!der a!# la/, reliio!,custom or usae/ith a 3i!apore CitiZe!or Perma!e!t Os/i! &R Do/!loaded from se1.saepu$.com $#uest o! Hul# &R, &'(R 6eside!t i! or outside 3i!apore ...If the forei! emplo#ee is a female forei! emplo#ee, theforei! emplo#ee shall !ot $ecome pre!a!t or deli;er a!# child i! 3i!apore duri! a!d after the ;alidit# of herWor Permit...The forei! emplo#ee shall !ot $e i!;ol;ed i! a!# illeal, immoral or u!desira$le acti;ities, i!cludi!

$reai! up families i! 3i!apore. %3i!apore 4i!istr# of 4a!po/er, &''25The u!desira$ilit# of theforei! /orer> is thus uite literal as their a$ectio! is a factor of se1ual reulatio!at least i! part. urther, freue!t portra#als i! the 3i!apore mediase!satio!aliZe se1ualrelatio!ships amo! forei! /orers as de;ia!t> a!d there is much e;ide!ce that the perceptio!of their domestic li;es as !o!0!ormati;e domestic li;es aUects pu$lic se!time!t. or i!sta!ce, a !atio!alco!tro;ers# i! &''N occurred /he! reside!ts of a! aue!t pri;ate housi! estate prese!ted a petitio! to theo;er!me!t i! o$ectio! to a pla! to co!;ert a! u!used former school i!to a dormitor# for forei! /orers. As muchpu$lic de$ate e!sued, co!cer!s raised $# the reside!ts a!d i!terested comme!tators ce!tred arou!d assertio!sthat housi! /orers i! the u!used school /ould lead to hiher crime rates, a! u!clea! e!;iro!me!t, cha!es tothe character of the !eih$ourhood, a!d co!Ficts $et/ee! 3i!aporea!s a!d forei! /orers $ecause of culturaldiUere!ces>. Withi! these de$ates, it is si!i?ca!t that the fact that the /orers to $e housed /ere all male a!d/ithout families came up aai! a!d aai!, especiall# i! respo!se to criticisms that the reside!ts /elcome forei!tale!t> $ut !ot forei! /orers>. As o!e comme!tator o! the 3traits Times forum pae put it+ the e1pats arri;e here/ith their families a!d the# put their childre! i! schools here. orei! /orers are i! a $achelor> state /ithout theirfamil#. The# are rouped toether, si!le me! i! dormitories. The situatio! is e!tirel# diUere!t. The co!!otatio!sema!ati! from forei! si!le me! li;i! i! dorms i! a! estate /hich is predomi!a!tl# famil#0orie!ted is o!l# too

o$;ious.(N Thus, forei! /orers>are !ot e1cluded o! the sole rou!d that the# are either /ome! orfemi!iZed me!, or o! the sole rou!d that the# are racial or !atio!al others. Their e1clusio!taes forcethrouh ueeri!>, throuh their productio! as others /ho are !ot allo/ed i!to thefamil#, either !atio!al or !uclear.(2 orei! /orers> i! 3i!apore do of course e1ert ae!c#. The#ma!ae to ee out i!timate relatio!ships i! the co!strai!ed spaces a;aila$le, a!d the# ofte! mai!tai! stro! $o!dsto families left $ehi!d. But, as stated $# 4r Dulal, a Ba!ladeshi mira!t uoted i! a rare article i! 3i!apore>smai!stream local press o! the diculties that forei! /orers> e1perie!ce locall# $ecause of their e!forced

e1iste!ce outside the sphere of the famil#, 3i!apore lo;e is all $luU $luU o!e> %3traits Times, &''25. Theirrelatio!ships fall outside state sa!ctio! , a!dthisis a fact thathas realmaterialco!seue!ces. urther, forei! /orers> are of course !ot a mo!olithic roup of

heterose1ual su$ects.There are surel# ma!# ueers, i! a! ide!taria! or act$ased se!se, amo! them. Butdespite this empirical realit#, the salie!t poi!t is that &) 3e1ualities (%5 Do/!loaded from se1.saepu$.com $#

uest o! Hul# &R, &'(R the3i!apore o;er!me!t reulates them as presuma$l# straiht>?ures that !o!ethelessdo !ot factor i!to the domi!a!t !otio! of reproducti;efuturism. orei! /orers>, liea#s a!d les$ia!s, are cast as o!l# producti;e a!d !otsociall# reproducti;e.&'This releates this class of mira!ts to a state of arrestedde;elopme!t,to li;es li;ed as#!chro!ousl#a!d out of place i! this creati;elo$al cit#. As 8a#a!3hah arues, tra!sie!t la$orers appear to e1ist o! the mari!s of societ#, $ut their


12/34

treatme!t is co!stituti;e of ho/ !ormati;e societ# de?!es itself> %&'((+ &))5. I! the3i!apore case,!ormati;e societ# de?!es itself as properl#familial. Butarou!d that ce!tre,ma!# are stra!ded i! ueer time.

*peci3cally the :;; will be used to Gustiy libeal i!te%e!tio!s

i! oeig! cou!ties&

Pua 1 0 Departme!t of Wome!>s a!d Ge!der 3tudies, 6uters E!i;ersit#, 8e/Bru!s/ic, 8.H. %Has$ir, &'(Q, 6ethi!i! s status as *a#0frie!dl#- has $ecome desira$le i! the ?rst place.Lie moder!it#, homo!atio!alism ca! $eresisted a!d re0si!i?ed,$ut !ot opted out of+ /e are all co!ditio!ed $# it a!d throuh it. I!

TA, for i!sta!ce, I criticall# i!terroate LGBT acti;ist respo!ses to the &''Q 3upreme Court ruli! i! E.3. ;. La/re!ce, /hichdecrimi!aliZed sodom# $et/ee! co!se!ti! adults acti! i! pri;ate, $ri!i! i!to relief ho/ the cele$ratio! of the ueer li$eralsu$ect as $earer of pri;ac# rihts a!d eco!omic freedom sa!ctio!s a reime of racialiZed sur;eilla!ce, dete!tio!, a!d deportatio!.

TA sho/s ho/ ho"o!atio!alis" goes global, moreo;er, as it u!derirds E.3. imperialstructures throuh a! em$race of a se1uall# proressi;e multiculturalismGustiyi!goeig! i!te%e!tio!. ore1ample, $oth the usti?catio!s a!d the admo!ishme!tspro;oed $# the A$u Ghrai$ photos rel# o! Orie!talist co!structio!s of 4uslim malese1ualit# as simulta!eousl# e1cessi;el# ueer a!d da!erousl# premoder!. Thediscursi;e ?eld produced arou!d A$u Ghrai$ e!lists homo!ormati;e E.3. su$ects i!the defe!se of *democratic- occupatio!. It has $ee!hum$li! a!d also ;er# i!teresti! tosee the /a#s homo!atio!alism as a co!cept has $ee! deplo#ed, adapted, rearticulated,a!d critiued i!;arious !atio!al, acti;ist, a!d academic co!te1ts i;i! rise to e!erati;e a!d co!structi;ede$ate /as m# true i!te!t i! /riti! the $oo, /hich /as deri;ed !ot as a correcti;e $ut as a! i!citeme!t to de$ate.Thela!uae of homo!atio!alism is appeari! i! academic a!d acti;ist proects across8orth America, 9urope, a!d !o/ I!dia . or e1ample, a Paris $ased roup called *8o tohomo!atio!alisme5 is co!testi! the campai! proposed forGa#pride i! Paris $ecause of its tai! up of the !atio!al s#m$ol of the/hiterooster.& A &'(( co!fere!ce o! se1ual democrac# i! 6ome too issue /iththe placeme!t of

World Pridei! the area of the cit# housi! the hihest perce!tae of mira!ts a!d staed a claim to asecular ueer politics that challe!es the Vatica! as /ell as the a!ti0mira!t sta!ceof 9uropea! ora!iZi! e!tities. A!d as I /ill discuss $elo/, critical comme!tar# o! Israel>s a#0frie!dl# pu$lic relatio!s campai! coalesced i!to ;arious coordi!ated mo;eme!tsaai!st *pi!/ashi!,- or Israel>s promotio! of a LGTB0frie!dl# imae to reframe the occupatio! of Palesti!e i! termsof ci;iliZatio!al !arrati;es measured $# %se1ual5 moder!it#.Q At times the *;iral- tra;els of the co!cept ofho"o!atio!alis",as it has bee! take! up i! Ioth :"eica %aious)uopea! states Palesti!e/Esael a!d E!dia ha;e fou!d reducti;e applicatio!s


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i! acti;ist ora!iZi! platforms. I!stead of thi!i! of homo!atio!alism as a! accusatio!,a! ide!tit#, a $ad politics, I ha;e $ee! thi!i! a$out it as a! a!al#tic toappehe!d state o"atio! a!d a structure of moder!it#+ as a! assem$lae ofeopolitical a!d historical forces, !eoli$eral i!terests i! capitalist accumulatio! $othcultural a!d material, biopolitical state pactices o populatio! co!tol a!d

afecti%e i!%est"e!ts i! discouses o eedo" libeatio! a!d ights&


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o" o esista!ce, a!d iro!icall#, it acts as sel.pese%atio!, the preser;atio!of sy"bolic sel e!a$led throuh the Yhihest cultural capitalY of mart#rdom, ai;i! of life to the utue o political stuggles0!ot at all a si! of Ydisi!terest i!li;i! a mea!i!ful life.Y As


15/34

co""u!icatio! for the su$alter! %there is the radiatio! of heat, the ste!ch of$ur!i! Fesh, the impact of metal upo! structures a!d the rou!d, the splatteri!of $lood, $od# parts, si!5+

3uicidal resista!ce is a messae i!scri$ed o! the $od# /he! !o other mea!s /ill et throuh. It is $othe4ecutio! a!d "ou!i!g, for $oth sel a!d othe. or #ou die /ith me for the

same cause, !o "atte which side you ae o!. Because !o matter /ho #ou are, there are !odesi!ated illees i! suicide $om$i!. 8o matter /hat side #ou are o!, $ecause I ca!!ot tal to #ou, #ou /o!btrespo!d to me, /ith the implicatio! that there is !o disho!or i! such shared a!d i!!oce!t death. Q)

We ha;e the proposal that thee ae !o sides, a!d that the sides ae oe%eshiti!g, cu"pli!g, a!d "ultiplyi!g, disappeai!g a!d eappeai!g, u!ableto satisfactoril# deli!eate $et/ee! hee a!d thee.The spatial collapse of sides isdue to the uee te"poal i!teuptio! of the suicide $om$er, poGectilesspewi!g e%ey which way. As a uee asse"blage0 disti!ct from the ueeri! ofa!e!tit# or ide!tit#0ace a!d se4uality are de!atuali


16/34

,Te4tH The -!ited *tates edeal go%e!"e!t should

. eli"i!ate all %isa caps a!d all ees cue!tly euied o

obtai!i!g a %isa&

. i!cease i!te!al i""igatio! su%eilla!ce a!d e!oce"e!t&

. allow illegal i""iga!ts esidi!g i! the -!ited *tates to

acuie legalis Tas orce proram, /ho sillfull# uided this proect from start to ?!ish. i!all#, Itha! 9d/ard Alde!, C6>s Ber!ard L. 3ch/artZ se!ior fello/, for a$l# a!d patie!tl# directi! the proect a!d /riti! the report. All i!;ol;ed ha;e produceda docume!t that oUers a clear a!d practical /a# for/ard as the O$ama admi!istratio! a!d Co!ress /or to de;elop much !eeded cha!es to the E.3.immiratio! s#stem.


17/34

E""igatio! su%eilla!ce co!ducts "edical e4a"i!atio!s o

i""iga!ts a!d pe%e!ts the i!toductio! o diseases i!to the

-&*&

alha! 18%A!il, Associate Professor of La/ at Dre1ler E!i;ersit# a!d chair of the8e/ 7or Cit# Bar Associatio!bs I!ter!atio!al s trou$li! is that these micro$es ca! mutate a!d e;ol;e atfa!tastic speed the more so tha!s to the $ureo!i! huma! populatio! co!fro!ti! our $odies /ith !e/ da!ers e;er# #ear . t limited to a hih $od#cou!t. Whe! the death toll ets hih e!ouh, it ca! disrupt the ;er# fa$ric of societ# .Accordi! to E.3. o;er!me!t studies, if a lo$al pa!demicaUecti! at least half the /orld>s populatio! /ere to
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strie toda#, health professio!als /ould!>t $e a$le to cope /ith the ;ast !um$ers ofsic a!d succum$i! people. The result of so ma!# deaths /ould ha;e seriousimplicatio!s for the i!frastructure, food suppl#, a!d securit# of &(st ce!tur# ma!perso!.While a! u!treata$le pa!demic could strie sudde!l# a!d pote!tiall# $ri!ci;iliZatio! to its !ees i! /ees or mo!ths, dee!erati;e diseases miht do so o;er lo!er periods. Themost commo! dee!erati;e disease is ca!cer. 9;er# seco!d me! a!d e;er# third /ome! i! the /ester! /orld /ill $e dia!osed

/ith this disease i! their lifetime. Dee!eratio! of our e!;iro!me!t throuh the release of to1i!s a!d /astes, air pollutio!, a!d

i!tae of u!health# foods is mai! this pro$lem /orse. If ca!cer, or someother form of dee!erati;e disease,/ere to $ecome e;e! more commo!place a!d strie $efore reproductio!, or$ecome i!fectious %as see! i! the tra!smitted facial ca!cer of the Tasma!ia! De;il, a car!i;orous marsupial i! Australia5the ;er# sur;i;al of our species could $e threate!ed .


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Chilli!g )fect


20/34

)co! E"p4Io i"pact to collapse

Fe

i!crease i! ;iole!t co!Fict, as Lotta Them!er a!d Peter Walle!stee! co!clude+ YThe patter! is o!e ofrelati;e sta$ilit# /he! /e co!sider the tre!d for the past ?;e #ears.YThesecular decli!e i! ;iole!cethat started /ith the e!d of the Cold War has !ot $ee! re;ersed. 6oers Bru$aer o$ser;esthat Ythe crisis has !otto date e!erated the sure i! protectio!ist !atio!alism oreth!ic e1clusio! that miht ha;e $ee! e1pected .YQ


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;ood 5as;ood shotage does!t cause wa best studies

:llouche 11, research ello/ /ater suppl# a!d sa!itatio! M I!stitute forDe;elopme!t 3tudies, frmr professor 4IT, (( %Herem#, *The sustai!a$ilit# a!d

resilie!ce of lo$al /ater a!d food s#stems+ Political a!al#sis of the i!terpla#$et/ee! securit#, resource scarcit#, political s#stems a!d lo$al trade,- ood Polic#,Vol. Q) 3uppleme!t (, p. 3Q03N, Ha!uar#5

The uestio! of resource scarcit# has led to ma!# de$ates o! /hether scarcit#%/hether of food or/ater5 /ill lead to co!Ficta!d /ar. The u!derli!i! reaso!i! $ehi!d most of these discourses o;er fooda!d /ater /ars comes from the 4althusia! $elief that there is a! im$ala!ce $et/ee! theeco!omic a;aila$ilit# of !atural resources a!d populatio! ro/thsi!ce /hile food productio! ro/sli!earl#, populatio! i!creases e1po!e!tiall#. ollo/i! this reaso!i!, !eo04althusia!s claim that ?!ite !aturalresources place a strict limit o! the ro/th of huma! populatio! a!d areate co!sumptio! if these limits are

e1ceeded, social $reado/!, co!Fict a!d /ars result. 8o!etheless, it seems that "ost e"piical studies

do !ot suppota!# of these!eo04althusia! agu"e!ts &Tech!oloical cha!e a!dreater i!puts ofcapital ha;e dramaticall# i!creasedla$our producti;it#i! ariculture. 4ore e!erall#, the !eo04althusia! ;ie/ has suUered $ecauseduri! the last t/o ce!turies huma!i!d has$reachedma!# resource $arriers that seemed u!challe!ea$le. Lesso!s from histor#+ alarmistsce!arios, resource /ars a!d i!ter!atio!al relatio!s I! a so0called ae of u!certai!t#, a !um$er of ala"ist

sce!aiosha;e li!edthe i!creasi! use of /ater resources a!d food i!securit# /ith /ars.The idea of /ater /ars %perhaps more tha! food /ars5 is a domi!a!t discourse i! the media %see for e1ample 3mith,&''25, 8GOs %I!ter!atio!al Alert, &''5 a!d /ithi! i!ter!atio!al ora!iZatio!s %E89P, &''5. I! &'', E8 3ecretar#Ge!eral Ba! =i0moo! declared that /ater scarcit# threate!s eco!omic a!d social ai!s a!d is a pote!t fuel for /arsa!d co!Fict> %Le/is, &''5. Of course, this t#pe of discourse has a! i!strume!tal purpose securit# a!d co!Fict are

here used for raisi! /aterfood as e# polic# priorities at the i!ter!atio!al le;el. E! the 0id dle )ast,

preside!ts, prime mi!isters a!d forei! mi!isters ha;ealso used this $ellicose rhetoric.BoutrousBoutros0Gali said the !e1t /ar i! the 4iddle 9ast /ill $e o;er /ater, !ot politics> %Boutros Boutros0Gali i! Butts,(22, p. )R5. The uestio! is !ot /hether the shari! of tra!s$ou!dar# /ater spars political te!sio! a!d alarmist

declaratio!, $ut rather to /hat e1te!t /ater has $ee! a pri!cipal factor i! i!ter!atio!al co!Ficts. The e;ide!ceseems uite /ea.Whether $# preside!t 3adat i! 9#pt or =i!


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Allouche, &'' a!d 6ou#er, &''' 5. Water rich cou!tries ha;e $ee! i!;ol;ed i!a !um$er ofdisputes /ith otherrelati;el# /ater rich cou!tries%see for e1ample I!diaPaista! orBraZilAre!ti!a5. The perceptio! of each state>s estimated /ater !eeds reall# co!stitutes the core issue i!

tra!s$ou!dar# /ater relatio!s. I!deed, /hether this scarcit# e1ists or !ot i! realit#, perceptio!s of theamou!t of a;aila$le /atershapes people>s attitude to/ards the e!;iro!me!t %Ohlsso!, (2225. I! fact,some /ater e1perts ha;e arued that scarcit# dri;esthe process of co0operatio! amo! riparia!s%Di!ar a!d Di!ar, &''R a!d Brochma!! a!d Gleditsch, &'')5. I! terms of i!ter!atio!al relatio!s, the theat owate wasdue to i!creasi! scarcit# does !ot "akemuch se!se i! the light o the ece!t

histoical ecod &O;erall, the /ater /ar ratio!ale e1pects co!Fict to occur o;er /ater, a!d appears tosuest that ;iole!ce is a ;ia$le mea!s of securi! !atio!al /ater supplies, a! arume!t /hich is hihl#

co!testa$le. The de$ates o;erthe liel# impacts of climate cha!eha;e aai! popularisedthe ideaof /ater /ars.The arume!t ru!s that climate cha!e /ill precipitate /orse!i! ecoloical co!ditio!sco!tri$uti! to resource scarcities, social $reado/!, i!stitutio!al failure, mass miratio!s a!d i! tur! cause reaterpolitical i!sta$ilit# a!d co!Fict %Brauch, &''& a!d Per;is a!d Bus$#, &''5. I! a report for the E3 Departme!t ofDefe!se, 3ch/artZ a!d 6a!dall %&''Q5 speculate a$out the co!seue!ces of a /orst0case climate cha!e sce!ario

arui! that /ater shortaes /ill lead to aressi;e /ars %3ch/artZ a!d 6a!dall, &''Q, p. (R5. Despitero/i! co!cer! that climate cha!e /ill lead to i!sta$ilit# a!d ;iole!t co!Fict, thee;ide!ce $ase to su$sta!tiate the co!!ectio!s is thi! % Bar!ett a!d Ader, &'' a!d =e;a!ea!d Gra#, &''N5.


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Lousi!g E/Lousi!g cisis dispo%es eal estate i!te!al li!k

Io i!te!al li!k thei e% is about a hypothetical sce!aio

whee e%ey illegal i""iga!t gets depoted

Talle!t et& al& 1:C :utho 1 #6e$ecca, Bipartisa! Polic# Committee Director4att Graham, BPC polic# a!al#st LaZora "amora, BPC polic# a!al#st =riste! 4asle#, BPCadmi!istrati;e assista!t ('&'(Q Immiratio! 6eform+ Implicatio!s for Gro/th, Budets,a!d sa!!ual a;erae /as a$out [R) $illio! per #ear hiher, a!d the seco!d decade>s /as

a$out [N( $illio!. Alter!ati;e 3ce!arios. Proected i!creases i! reside!tial co!structio!spe!di! /ere closel# related to the !um$er of !e/ immira!ts e!teri! thecou!tr#. E!der 3ce!ario (>s larer !et i!crease i! immiratio!, a!!ual co!structio! spe!di! /as more tha! [(2$illio! per #ear hiher tha! the refere!ce case. The slihtl# lo/er immiratio! le;els i! 3ce!ario & resulted i! lo/erhousi! dema!d tha! the refere!ce case. I! 3ce!ario Q, mo;i! immira!ts from the famil# to emplo#me!tcateories resulted i! more tha! [& $illio! per #ear i! additio!al co!structio! spe!di!. 3ce!ario had mi!imal

impact. E!der the *attritio! throuh e!forceme!t- sce!ario, reside!tial co!structio!spe!di! decli!ed $# more tha! [('' $illio! per #ear compared /ith the $aseli!e,a!d $# more tha! [(R $illio! per #ear compared /ith the refere!ce case. This isbecause the e"o%al o all pese!t a!d utue u!authoi


24/34

:g E/Poductio! is 3!e without oeig! wokes

ikoia! ?1%4ar =rioria!, 91ecuti;e Director of the Ce!ter for Immiratio!3tudies, )'(, Guest/orer Prorams+ A Threat to America! Ariculture,

http+///.cis.orGuest/orerProrams0America!Ariculture5There is little dou$t that fruit a!d ;eeta$le productio! could sur;i;e, a!d thri;e,/ithout importi! forei! /orers, /hether illeals or uest/orers. I! fact, e;e!duri! World War II, at a time /he! () millio! America!s /ere i! u!iform, there /as !o eco!omicratio!ale for the importatio! of forei! /orers. As William a!d 4ar# historia! Ci!d#


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Yhu!r# cou!triesY ha;e e!ouh food for all their people riht !o/. 4a!# are !et e1portersof fooda!d other aricultural products.


26/34

C/AEC) will cicu"%e!t

E9C 1,%*Life After *P9P0Comm- 0 Immira!t Leal 6esource Ce!ter-,http+///.ilrc.or?lesdocume!tsilrcora!iZersad;isor#0&'(R0'(').pdf.CB5

O! 8o;em$er &', &'(, Preside!t O$ama a!!ou!ced e1ecuti;e reforms to the immiratio!s#stem, i!cludi!+ %i5 cha!es to immiratio! e!forceme!t polic# %ii5 deferred actio! e1pa!sio!a!d %iii5 other cha!es to procedures i! the leal immiratio! s#stem.( This alert focuses o! cha!es to ho/ the Departme!t ofsa!!ou!ceme!t has the pote!tial to cha!e the la!dscape of immiratio! e!forceme!t, ad;ocates !eed to u!dersta!d thesecha!es i! order to safeuard the ai!s /e ha;e /ored so hard to achie;e, a!d co!ti!ue ai!i! more rou!d. What has cha!edJ

IC9 s

pla!!ed cha!es, IC9 sa#s that the# /ill stop issui! IC9 holds e1cept i! specialcircumsta!ces. 3o far, !o o!e k!ows how 6special cicu"sta!ces' will bede3!ed.Ad;ocates should $e ;iila!t a$out mo!itori! this a!d holdi! IC9 accou!ta$le.
http://www.ilrc.org/files/documents/ilrc_organizers_advisory-2015-01_06.pdfhttp://www.ilrc.org/files/documents/ilrc_organizers_advisory-2015-01_06.pdfhttp://www.ilrc.org/files/documents/ilrc_organizers_advisory-2015-01_06.pdf


27/34

Oce bias:f ca!t sol%e7oce biases e4ist i!depe!de!t o legal

ou"s

*i""o!s N12%=ami Cha;is &'(( Bei!!i! to 9!d 6acial Pro?li!+ De?!iti;e

3olutio!s to a! 9lusi;e Pro$lemt =ami Cha;is 3immo!s is a Professor of La/ a!dDirector of the Crimi!al Hustice Proram at Wae orest E!i;ersit# 3chool of La/. I!&'(R, she /as appoi!ted as a 3e!ior Academic ello/ at the Hoi!t Ce!ter for PoliticalA!d 9co!omic 3tudies. poseido!'(.ssr!.comdeli;er#.phpJID^&N2''((&''N((Q'2''Q((&R((''2)'('22'&R'''R'('')'(Q'2N'&Q'N'&)'(('Q''2'N'2'('R''R')''Q(''RN'((N'''))'N'NR'(R'')(()'(2'R2'''&Q'2Q(&'')''''(Q(''(''(('2('Q&''&'&(')'NQ''2((R''N('(''(&''(2'22')(''''(R''((()'N&(''(&'2Q'Q((('R'')X9KT^pdfXT7P9^& 0(&0(R m$c5

urthermore, racial pro?li! remai!s elusi;e a!d dicult to remediate $ecause, e;e! i!the a$se!ce of i!te!tio!al forms of discrimi!atio! , i!di;idual ocers ma# $e

moti;ated $# their u!co!scious racial $iases. Despite much proress o! racial issues, racialdiscrimi!atio! is !ot a Yrelic of the pastY $ut i!stead remai!s a co!temporar#feature of modem societ#.)2 Toda#, o;ert displa#s of discrimi!atio! are rare, $ut racial preudice Yofte!oes u!reco!iZed e;e! $# the i!di;idual /ho respo!ds u!co!sciousl# to such moti;atio!.,, ' or e1ample,se;eral ps#choloical studies testi! implicit $ias demo!strate that imaes ofAfrica!0America!s e;oe more fear tha! other roups a!d co!?rm that mem$ers ofmi!orit# roups,particularl# Africa!0America! males, are associated /ith aressi;e $eha;ior. Y Whetheror !ot there is de?!iti;e proof of discrimi!atio!, it is i!disputa$le that ma!#mem$ers of mi!orit# roups percei;e that ma!# police ocers har$or a!d e1erciseracial a!imus /he! polici! commu!ities of color .&This perceptio! itself ca! $edamai! to the credi$ilit# a!d leitimac# of a la/0e!forceme!t ae!c# . practical

impact for certai! i!di;iduals or the police ocers /ho /or /ithi! thosecommu!ities to eep reside!ts safe. With or /ithout the imprimatur of a courtdecisio! ,it is i!disputa$le that ma!# mem$ers of mi!orit# roups percei;e a! i!ustice, a!d this perceptio! isda!erous a!d harmful to $oth the commu!it# a!d la/ e!forceme!t. 9;e! the perceptio! that certai!roups are treated u!fairl# u!dermi!es the leitimac# of the la/ e!forceme!tae!c# , a!d thus has a deleterious eUect o! crime co!trol a!d pre;e!tio!.


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0igatio! 9elatio!s


29/34

-Q9ose!blu" e% lists ou easo!s "igatio! elatio!s ae

i"possible

-*/ 0e4ico elatio!s high !ow ... I:;T: po%es

9!riue Pea Iieto 2?1,, Preside!t of 4e1ico, *Wh# the E.3.04e1ico 6elatio!ship4atters,- Politico, ( ') &'(R, http+///.politico.commaaZi!estor#&'(R'(us0me1ico0relatio!ship0e!riue0pea0!ieto0((Q2N'.html.VatpCpVio

Our cou!tries ha;e a! i!te!se eco!omic relatio!ship that is spread o;er a m#riad ofareas. 3i!ce the $ei!!i! of m# admi!istratio!, I ha;e /ored /ith Preside!t Barac O$ama to create $ilateralmecha!isms that har!ess the full pote!tial of our relatio!ship. We arealread# seei! co!crete resultsfrom the < ih L e;el 9 co!omic D ialoue %


30/34

Teo Coop E/Bode secuity is 3!e !ow tech a!d detee!ce

:lde! 12%9d/ard, Wi!ter &'(&, Ber!ard L. 3ch/artZ 3e!ior ello/0 /riter for the Cou!cil o! orei!6elatio!s, CATO i!stitute.*Immiratio! a!d Border Co!trol-http+///.cato.orsitescato.or?lesserials?lescato0our!al&'(&(cQ&!(0N.pdf5

or the past t/o decades the E!ited 3tates, a cou!tr# /ith a stro! traditio! of limited o;er!me!t, has $ee!pursui! a /idel# popular i!itiati;e that reuires o!e of the most am$itious e1pa!sio!s of o;er!me!t po/er i!

moder! histor#+ securi! the !atio!>s $ord ers aai!st illeal immiratio!. Co!ress a!dsuccessi;e admi!istratio!s: $oth Democratic a!d 6epu$lica!:ha;e i!creased the siZe of theBorder Patrol from fe/er tha! Q,''' ae!ts to more tha! &(,''', $uilt !earl# ''miles of fe!ci! alo! the souther! $order /ith 4e1ico, a!d deplo#ed pilotlessdro!es, se!sor cameras, a!d other e1pe!si;e tech!oloies aimed at pre;e!ti!illeal crossi!sat the la!d $orders. The o;er!me!t has o;erhauled the ;isa s#stem to reuire i!ter;ie/s forall !e/ ;isa applica!ts a!d i!stituted e1te!si;e $acrou!d checs for ma!# of those /ishi! to come to the E!ited3tates to stud#, tra;el, ;isit famil#, or do $usi!ess. It !o/ reuires secure docume!ts:a passport or the eui;ale!t

:for all tra;el to a!d from the E!ited 3tates $# citiZe!s a!d !o!citiZe!s. A!d $order ocers tae

?!erpri!ts a!d ru! other scree!i! measures o! all tra;elers comi! to thiscou!tr# $# air i! order to ide!tif#crimi!als, terrorists, or others deemed to pose athreat to the E!ited 3tates. The oal is to create a $order co!trol s#stem that e!sures that o!l# those leall#permitted $# the o;er!me!t to e!ter the territor# of the E!ited 3tates /ill $e a$le to do so, a!d that the# /illlea;e the cou!tr# /he! reuired. The am$itio! of such a! u!dertai! is little appreciated. or most of its histor#,the E!ited 3tates had o!l# the loosest sort of $order co!trols. 3cruti!# of most ;isa applica!ts /as cursor# fe/checs /ere do!e o! i!comi! airli!e passe!ers a!d it /as possi$le to /al freel# across almost a!# portio! ofthe more tha! ,R'' miles of la!d $orders /ith 4e1ico or Ca!ada %Alde! &''N5. That $ea! to cha!e raduall# i!the (2N's /ith the i!crease i! illeal immiratio! from 4e1ico, a!d the! more rapidl# i! the earl# (22's follo/i! a

political outcr# from E.3. $order states, especiall# Califor!ia.The $order co!trol eUort /as reatl#accelerated after the 2(( attacs, $ecomi! the primar# missio! of the !e/ Departme!t of


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/here the terrorist roup has esta$lished its $ase is arou!d eiht miles from the E.3.$order i! a! area !o/! as *A!apra- situatedust /est of Ciudad Hu`reZ i! the4e1ica! state of Chihuahua. A!other I3I3cell to the /est of Ciudad Hu`reZ, i! Puerto Palomas, tarets the8e/ 4e1ico to/!s of Colum$us a!d Demi! for eas# access to the E!ited 3tates , thesame !o/ledea$le sources co!?rm. Duri! the course of a o i!t operatio! last /ee, 4e1ica! Arm# a!d federal

la/ e!forceme!t ocials disco;ered docume!ts i! Ara$ic a!d Erdu, as /ell as*pla!s- of ort Bliss the spra/li! militar# i!stallatio! that houses the E3 Arm#>s(st Armored Di;isio!. 4uslim pra#er rus /ere reco;ered /ith the docume!tsduri! the operatio!.La/ e!forceme!t a!d i!tellie!ce sources report the area arou!d A!apra isdomi!ated $# the Vice!te Carrillo ue!tes Cartel %*Hu`reZ Cartel-5, La Lk!ea %the e!forceme!t arm of thecartel5 a!d the Barrio AZteca %a a! orii!all# formed i! the ails of 9l Paso5. Cartel co!trol of the A!apra area mae it a! e1tremel#da!erous a!d hostile operati! e!;iro!me!t for 4e1ica! Arm# a!d ederal Police operatio!s. Accordi! to these same sources,

*co#otes - e!aed i! huma! smuli! a!d /ori! for Hu`reZ Cartel help mo;eI3I3 terrorists throuh the desert a!d across the $order $et/ee! 3a!ta Teresa a!d3u!la!d Par, 8e/ 4e1ico. To the east of 9l Paso a!d Ciudad Hu`reZ, cartel0$aced*co#otes- are also smuli! I3I3 terrorists throuh the porous $order $et/ee!Acala a!d ort


32/34

Ce!tal :"eica*elee a!d 5ilso! co!cedes a to! "oe steps ae k2 sol%e

ce!tal :"eica! i!stability

Io ati! :"eica! co!ict i"pact

Shitis 12 . a! i!depe!de!t comme!tator o! /orld aUairs a!d a World Politics6e;ie/ co!tri$uti! editor %rida, World Politics 6e;ie/, *Lati! America, the WorldbsDemocrac# La$- R,

http+///./orldpoliticsre;ie/.comarticles(&(&/orld0citiZe!0lati!0america0the0/orlds0democrac#0la$5

Democrac# i! Lati! America has created a !e/ set of rules for /hat co!ti!ue to $e?erce political $attles.The disputes that triered armed co!Fict i! the past !o/te!d to spar $itter leislati;e ma!eu;ers, e;e! thi!l# disuised coups, pu!ctuated /ithstreet protests that sometimes tur! ;iole!t, $ut e;e!tuall# die oU. Lati! America stillco!tai!s the i!redie!ts for ;iole!t social co!Fict, $ut the /illi!!ess to e1perime!t

/ithi!the elusi;e parameters of democrac# has ept armed co!Fict to a mi!imum. It hasmea!t that e;e! /he! the s#stem disappoi!ts, there is al/a#s a!other democratic path to chart, a!other formula

to co!coct. To $e sure, ;iole!ce is far from defeated. Ce!tral America! cou!tries ha;esomeof the hihest murderrates i! the /orld as a result of dru traci!. 4e1ico has see! some R',''' die i! the$attle to defeat the !arco0a!s. The decades0old i!sure!c# i! Colom$ia is !ot ?!ished, a!d street protests

occasio!all# tur! deadl# throuhout the reio!. But itbs a lo! /a# from the ci;il /ars a!d theYdirt# /arsY that characteriZed the reio! i! the seco!d half of the &'th ce!tur# .The!, the routi!e mea!s of decidi! the shape of the political a!d eco!omic s#stem /as $# tai! up arms a!dilli! those o! the other side of the ideoloical di;ide. 8o more.


33/34

0a!uactui!gSi%e 9ussia wa


34/34

;edeal E!astuctue spe!di!g is held capti%e to "assi%e cost

o%eu!s . "ultiplies the a"ou!t euied to u!d the poGect

Chris )dwads K/28/10 %director of ta1 polic# studies at Cato. Before oi!i! Cato,9d/ards /as a se!ior eco!omist o! the co!ressio!al Hoi!t 9co!omic Committee, a ma!aer/ith Price/aterhouseCoopers, a!d a! eco!omist /ith the Ta1 ou!datio!, Y9!courai!

Pri;ate I!frastructure I!;estme!tY http+///.ec.se!ate.o;repu$lica!spu$licJa^iles.3er;eXileid^dRNdeQ$d0RNe0N&0aN&Q0N&R'2)Q)f&5AP

There are freue!t calls for i!creased federal spe!di! o! i!frastructure, $ut ad;ocates usuall# i!ore the pro$lems

a!d failures of past federal eUorts.There is a histor# o pok bael politics a!d

bueaucatic "is"a!age"e!t of ma!# t#pes of federal i!;estme!t .s ?!a!cial losses come from lo!0dista!ce routes throuh rural areas that accou!t for o!l#a small fractio! of all riders.R 9;er# la/maer /a!ts a! Amtra route throuh their state, so i!;estme!t ets

misallocated a/a# from /here it is reall# !eeded, such as the 8ortheast corridor. I!;estme!ts areutiliZed i!ecie!tl#. Go;er!me!t i!frastructure is ofte! utiliZed i!ecie!tl# $ecausesuppl# a!d dema!d are !ot $ala!ced $# maret prices . The ;ast /ater i!frastructure operated$# the Bureau of 6eclamatio!, for e1ample, reatl# u!derprices irriatio! /ateri! /ester! E!ited 3tates. The

result has $ee! /asted resources, harm to the e!;iro!me!t, a!d a loomi! /ater

crisis i! ma!# areasi! the West. ) I!;estme!t is "is"a!age d . ederal ae!cies do!>t

ha;e the stro! i!ce!ti;es that pri;ate $usi!esses do to e!sure that i!frastructureproects are completed a!d operated ecie!tl#.ederal hih/a#, e!er#, airport,

a!d air trac co!trol proects, for e1ample, ha;e ofte! suUered lare cost

o%eu!s .The Bi Dii! Bosto!:/hich /as t/o0thirds fu!ded $# the federal o;er!me!t:

e4ploded i! cost to 3%e ti"es the oigi!al esti"ate .N E.3. a!d forei! studies ha;efou!d that pri;atel# ?!a!ced i!frastructure proects are less liel# to ha;e cost o;erru!s tha! traditio!al

o;er!me!t proects. 2 4istaes are replicated across the !atio!. Perhaps the $iest pro$lem /ithfederal i!ter;e!tio! i! i!frastructure is that /he! Washi!to! maes mistaes itreplicates them across the !atio!.

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