A) 44° B) 47° C) 76° D) 90°

1. What is the approximate altitude of Polaris atWatertown, New York?

A) Massena B) Slide MountainC) Niagara Falls D) Plattsburgh

2. At which New York State location would an observermeasure the highest altitude of Polaris?

3. Base your answer to the following question on

A) 17° N 179° W B) 17° N 181° W C) 17° S 179° E D) 17° S 181° E

The latitude and longitude of the center of Vanau Leva is closest to

4. Base your answer to the following question on

.

A) 51.5° N 64° W B) 70.5° N 22° W C) 64° N 51.5° W D) 22° N 70.5°W

What is the approximate latitude and longitude of Godthab, Greenland?

A) 4 a.m. B) noonC) 2 p.m. D) 10 p.m.

5. What time is it in Greenwich, England (at 0°longitude), when it is 9 a.m. in Massena, New York?

A) 7 p.m. B) noonC) 9 a.m. D) 10 p.m.

6. What time is it in Greenwich, England (at 0°longitude), when it is 2 p.m.in Massena, New York?

A) equator (0°)B) North Pole (90° N)C) Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N)D) Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S)

7. If an observer on Earth views Polaris at their Zenith,the observer is located at the

A) 43° B) 45° C) 75° D) 90°

8. What is the approximate altitude of Polaris atMassena, New York?

A) 10 a.m. B) 12 p.m. C) 3 p.m. D) 4 p.m.

9. The map below shows four major time zones of the United States. The dashed lines representmeridians of longitude. The locations of New York City and Denver are shown.

What is the time in New York City when it is 2 p.m. in Denver?

10. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below and on your knowledge of Earthscience. The graph shows the observed water levels, in feet (ft), for a tide gauge located at Montauk,New York, on the easternmost end of Long Island, from January 24, 2008 to noon on January 25,2008.

A) 40°30' N 72°00' W B) 40°30' N 74°00' WC) 41°00' N 72°00' W D) 41°00' N 74°00' W

What is the approximate latitude and longitude of the tide gauge?

A) B)

C) D)

11. Which table best shows the relationship between latitude and general climate conditions on Earth?

A) latitude and local timeB) latitude and elevationC) longitude and local timeD) longitude and elevation

12. The diagram below represents a view of Earth fromabove the North Pole. Points A and B representlocations on Earth's surface.

Locations A and B have the same

A) 15° B) 23.5° C) 66.5° D) 90°

13. The altitude of Polaris measured by an observer atthe Tropic of Cancer is

A) 23.5° B) 41.3° C) 66.7° D) 90°

14. On April 21, the altitude of Polaris, as viewed froma location in New York State, was measured as41.3°. What will the altitude of Polaris be whenviewed one month later, on May 21, from the samelocation?

A) Polaris rotates on its axis.B) Earth rotates on its axisC) Polaris revolves around Earth.D) Earth revolves around Polaris.

15. Which statement best explains why stars viewedfrom the Northern Hemisphere appear to revolvearound Polaris?

A) 36° N 160° W B) 36° S 160° EC) 160° N 36° W D) 160° S 36° E

16. What is the approximate location of the Tasman HotSpot in the Pacific Ocean?

17. Base your answer to the following question on the passage, data table, and diagrams below and onyour knowledge of Earth science. The age ranges shaded on the data table show the geologic periodsand epochs when six different graptolite fossils existed on Earth. Diagrams of the six graptolites areshown.

Graptolite Fossils

Although graptolite fossils are found in bedrock from the Cambrian Period into thePennsylvanian Period, their remains are most abundant in Ordovician and Silurian rock layers.During their existence on Earth, graptolites evolved quickly and spread widely due to oceancirculation. These tiny and fragile fossils are usually found in dark shales that formed in marineenvironments. They are rare in sandstones or other rocks that formed near shore.

A) Adirondack Mountains B) Taconic MountainsC) Allegheny Plateau D) Champlain Lowlands

A Clonograptus fossil was found in the surface bedrock at 43° N 73°30' W. In which New York Statelandscape region was this fossil found?

A) B)

C) D)

18. The map below shows three locations, labeled A, X, and B, on Earth's surface.

Which table correctly indicates the solar times at locations A and B when it is 12 noon at location X?

A) 10 a.m. B) 2 p.m. C) 3 p.m. D) noon

19. The map below shows four major time zones of the United States. The dashed lines representmeridians of longitude. The locations of New York City and Denver are shown.

What is the time in New York City when it is noon in Denver?

A) 0° and 60° N B) 0° and 30° SC) 30° N and 60° N D) 30° N and 30° S

20. Near which two latitudes are most of Earth's dryclimate regions found?

A) Buffalo B) AlbanyC) Ithaca D) Plattsburgh

21. Which New York State city is located at 42°39' N73°45' W?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

22. The map below shows a portion of Earth's system of latitude and longitude and five surface locationslabeled A, B, C, D, and X.

It is solar noon at location X. At which location will solar noon next occur?

A) 41º00' N 72º15' WB) 42º30' N 75º00' WC) 44º00' N 76º00' WD) 44º30' N 74º00' W

23. Which New York State location has surface bedrockthat has been subjected to very intense regionalmetamorphism?

Base your answers to questions 24 and 25 on the passage and map below. The map shows sections ofthe Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico.

Shipwreck In 1641, the crew of the ship Concepcion used the Sun and stars for navigation. The crew thought thatthe ship was just north of Puerto Rico, but ocean currents had carried them off course. The ship hit acoral reef and sank off the coast of the Dominican Republic. The Xon the map marks the location ofthe sunken ship.

A) Miami, Florida B) Kingston, JamaicaC) Havana, Cuba D) San Juan, Puerto Rico

24. At which map location does Polaris appear the highest in the nighttime sky?

A) 20.5° N 70° E B) 20.5° N 70° W C) 20.5° S 70° E D) 20.5° S 70° W

25. What is the approximate latitude and longitude of the sunken ship?

Base your answers to questions 26 through 28 on the time-exposure photograph shown below. Thephotograph was taken by aiming a camera at a portion of the night sky above a New York Statelocation and leaving the camera's shutter open for a period of time to record star trails.

A) 4 h B) 8 h C) 12 h D) 15 h

26. During the time exposure of the photograph, the stars appear to have moved through an arc of 60°.How many hours did this time exposure take?

A) 5 h B) 8 h C) 12 h D) 15 h

27. During the time exposure of the photograph, the stars appear to have moved through an arc of 120°.How many hours did this time exposure take?

A) the Sun B) the Moon C) Sirius D) Polaris

28. Which celestial object is shown in the photograph near the center of the star trails?

A) warm ocean current and a transform boundaryB) warm ocean current and a convergent boundaryC) cool ocean current and a transform boundaryD) cool ocean current and a convergent

boundary

29. A ship is at a location of 40° S 77° W. Which type ofsurface ocean current and tectonic plate boundaryare located beneath this ship?

A) 0° and 90° N B) 30° S and 60° SC) 30° N and 30° S D) 60° S and 60° N

30. Near which two latitudes are most of Earth's majordeserts located?

A) 43° B) 47° C) 76° D) 90°

31. What is the approximate altitude of Polaris atSyracuse, New York?

A) equator (0°)B) North Pole (90° N)C) Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N)D) Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S)

32. If an observer on Earth views Polaris on thehorizon, the observer is located at the

A) 43° B) 47° C) 75° D) 90°

33. From Utica, New York, Polaris is observed at analtitude of approximately

A) New York City B) Slide MountainC) Niagara Falls D) Plattsburgh

34. At which New York State location would an observermeasure the highest altitude of Polaris?

A) 40° S 45° E B) 50° N 45° WC) 60° S 30° W D) 75° N 30° E

35. The diagram below shows latitude measurementsevery 10 degrees and longitude measurements every15 degrees.

What is the latitude and longitude of point X?

A) Niagara Falls B) ElmiraC) Watertown D) Massena

36. At which location is the altitude of Polaris approximately 42°?

A) 38° N B) 38° SC) 52° N D) 52° S

37. The diagram below shows an observer on Earthviewing the star Polaris.

What is the observer's latitude?

A) 7 a.m. B) noonC) 5 p.m. D) 10 p.m.

38. What time is it in Greenwich, England (at 0°longitude), when it is noon in Massena, New York?

A) 20° N B) 20° S C) 70° N D) 70° S

39. The diagram below shows an observer measuring the altitude of Polaris.

What is the latitude of the observer?

A) 43°05' N B) 43°05' SC) 75°15' E D) 75°15'W

40. The approximate latitude of Utica, New York, is

41. Base your answer to the following question on the world map below. Letters A through D representlocations on Earth's surface.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

At which location could an observer not see Polaris in the night sky at any time during the year?

A) Binghamton B) UticaC) Watertown D) New York City

42. From which New York State location would Polarisbe observed to have an altitude closest to 43° abovethe northern horizon?

A) 90° N B) 66.5° NC) 43° N D) 23.5° N

43. The diagram below shows an observer on Earthmeasuring the altitude of Polaris.

What is the latitude of this observer?

A) Jamestown B) PlattsburghC) Oswego D) New York City

44. At which New York State location will an observermost likely measure the altitude of Polaris asapproximately 42°?

A)

B)

C)

D)

45. The lines on which set of views best representEarth's latitude system?

46. Base your answer to the following question on the information, map, and cross section below.

The map represents a portion of Earth's surface in the Pacific Ocean. The positions of islands,earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes, and the Tonga Trench are shown. Lines of latitude andlongitude have been included. The cross section shows earthquakes that occurred beneath line XY on the map. Depth beneathEarths surface is indicated by the scale along the left side of the cross section, as are the range ofdepths for shallow, intermediate, and deep earthquakes. Distance from the trench is indicated bythe scale along the bottom of the cross section.

A) 17° N 179° W B) 17° N 181° W C) 17° S 179° E D) 17° S 181° E

The latitude and longitude of the center of Vanau Leva is closest to

Base your answers to questions 47 and 48 on the United States time zone map shown below. Thedashed lines represent meridians (lines of longitude).

A) 1° per hour rate of revolution B) 1° per hour rate of rotationC) 15° per hour rate of revolution D) 15° per hour rate of rotation

47. The basis for the time difference between adjoining time zones is Earth's

A) 8 a.m. B) 2 a.m. C) 3 a.m. D) 4 a.m.

48. If the time in Buffalo, New York, is 5 a.m., what time would it be in San Francisco, California?

A) Polaris is located in a winter constellationB) Polaris is located at the zenith at each location.C) Polaris' apparent movement through the sky

follows a south-to-north orientation.D) Polaris' altitude is equal to a locations

latitude.

49. Which statement about Polaris is best illustrated bythe diagrams shown below?

A) 32° S 18° W B) 32° S 18° EC) 32° N 18° W D) 32° N 18° E

50. What is the approximate location of the CanaryIslands hot spot?

A) 60° south latitude and 0° longitudeB) 60° north latitude and 0° longitudeC) 0° latitude and 60° east longitudeD) 0° latitude and 60° west longitude

51. As a ship crosses the Prime Meridian, an observer onthe ship measures the altitude of Polaris at 60°.What is the ship's location?

A) 43° N B) 43° SC) 47° N D) 47° S

52. The diagram below shows an observer on Earthmeasuring the altitude of Polaris.

What is the latitude of this observer?

Base your answers to questions 53 and 54 on the map below, which shows the latitude and longitudeof five observers, A, B, C, D, and E, on Earth.

A) A and C B) B and C C) B and E D) D and E

53. Which two observers would be experiencing the same apparent solar time?

A) 0° B) 10° C) 80° D) 90°

54. What is the altitude of Polaris (the North Star) above the northern horizon for observer A?

55. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows an imaginary continenton Earth. Arrows represent prevailing winddirections. Letters A through D represent locationson the continent. Locations A and B are at the samelatitude and at the same elevation at the base of themountains.

A) always lessB) only less from March 21 to September 22C) only greater from March 21 to September 22D) always greater

Compared to the observations made at location D, the observed altitude of Polaris at location B is

Base your answers to questions 56 and 57 on the diagram below, which represents the position of theSun with respect to Earth's surface at solar noon on certain dates. The latitudes of six locations on thesame line of longitude are shown. The observer is located at 42° N in New York State. The date forthe Sun at position A has been deliberately left blank.

A) Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N) B) Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S)C) Equator (0°) D) Antarctic Circle (66.5° S)

56. When the Sun is at position A, which latitude receives the most direct rays of the Sun?

A) Plattsburgh B) Mount MarcyC) New York City D) Slide Mountain

57. At which New York State location could the observer be located?

A)

B)

C)

D)

58. Which diagram represents the approximate altitudeof Polaris as seen by an observer located Syracuse,New York?

A) 45° W B) 45° EC) 75° W D) 75° E

59. When the time of day for a certain ship at sea is 12noon, the time of day at the Prime Meridian (0°longitude) is 5 p.m. What is the ship’s longitude? A) rises and sets at different locations each day

B) has an elliptical orbit around EarthC) is located directly over Earth's EquatorD) is located directly over Earth's North Pole

60. The dashed line on the map below shows a ship'sroute from Long Island, New York, to Florida. Asthe ship travels south, the star Polaris appears lowerin the northern sky each night.

The best explanation for this observation is that Polaris

A) EquatorB) Tropic of CancerC) Arctic CircleD) central New York State

61. At which location will the highest altitude of the starPolaris be observed?

A) 23 ° B) 43° C) 66 ° D) 90°

62. To an observer in Buffalo, New York, the North Star,Polaris, is always located above the northernhorizon at an altitude of approximately

A) 0° latitude at an elevation of 6,000 mB) 15° N latitude at an elevation of 4,000 mC) 30° N latitude at an elevation of 3,000 mD) 45° N latitude at an elevation of 1,000 m

63. The graph below shows the snow line (the elevationabove which glaciers form at different latitudes inthe Northern Hemisphere).

At which location would a glacier most likely form?

A) 5° E 30° N B) 5° W 30° SC) 5° N 30° E D) 5° S 30° W

64. The diagram below represents part of Earth'slatitude-longitude system.

What is the latitude and longitude of point L?

A) 0° latitude 50° east longitudeB) 0° latitude 50° west longitudeC) 50° north latitude 0° longitudeD) 50° south latitude 0° longitude

65. As a ship crosses the Prime Meridian, the altitude ofPolaris measured from the ship is 50°. What is theship’s location?

A) 50° N, 120° W B) 25° N, 158° EC) 25° N, 158° W D) 25° S, 158° E

66. Approximately what are the coordinates of theHawaii Hot Spot?

A) Polaris is located directly over the Tropic ofCancer

B) Polaris is the brightest and most easily locatedstar

C) the altitude of Polaris is equal to theobserver's latitude

D) the position of Polaris changes with theseasons

67. The North Star (Polaris) can be used for navigationin Earth's Northern Hemisphere because

A) Plattsburgh B) AlbanyC) New York City D) Kingston

68. The diagram below shows a student in New YorkState observing Polaris.

The student is located nearest to which city in NewYork State?

69. Base your answer to the following question on the map below. The isolines on the map show theincreases in elevation that have occurred since the end of the ice age in this part of North America. A and B are two points on isolines. Several towns within the area are indicated.

A) 54° N 78° W B) 66° N 82° W C) 78° N 54° W D) 82° N 66° W

What is the approximate latitude and longitude of Fort George?

A) 20º N, 135º E B) 20º N, 135º WC) 20º S, 135º E D) 20º S, 135º W

70. Which latitude and longitude coordinates represent alocation on the continent of Australia?

A)

B)

C)

D)

71. "Which diagram best shows the altitude of Polaris observed near Buffalo, New York?"

A) 35° N 111° W B) 39° N 83° WC) 44° N 90° W D) 47° N 104° W

72. The map below shows the location and diameter, inkilometers, of four meteorite impact craters, A, B, C,and D, found in the United States.

What is the approximate latitude and longitude ofthe largest crater?

A) distance to a starB) altitude of a starC) mass of the EarthD) mass of the suspended weight

73. The diagram below shows an instrument made froma drinking straw, protractor, string, and rock.

This instrument was most likely used to measure the

A)

B)

C)

D)

74. Which diagram best represents the location of Polaris for an observer located at the Equator?

A) 0° latitudeB) 0° longitudeC) Tropic of CancerD) Tropic of Capricorn

75. Which reference line passes through both thegeographic North Pole and the geographic SouthPole?

A) Each night the altitude decreases in thenorthern sky.

B) Each night the altitude decreases in thesouthern sky.

C) Each night the altitude increases in the northernsky.

D) Each night the altitude increases in the southernsky.

76. The diagram below represents the route of a shiptraveling from New York City to Miami, Florida.Each night, a passenger on the ship observes Polaris.

Which statement best describes the observedchanges in the altitude of Polaris made by thepassenger during the voyage?

A) 10° N B) 40° NC) 50° N D) 90° N

77. The diagram below shows the altitude of Polaris above the horizon at a certain location.

What is the latitude of the observer?

Base your answers to questions 78 and 79 on the diagram below, which represents latitude andlongitude lines on Earth. Points A through E represent locations on Earth. Arrows represent directionof rotation.

A) prevailing wind direction B) latitudeC) altitude of Polaris D) longitude

78. Locations C and D both have the same

A) 160° N, 15° E B) 160° S, 15° W C) 15° N, 160° E D) 15° N, 160° W

79. What is the approximate latitude and longitude of location A?

A) 15° N B) 25° NC) 30° N D) 65° N

80. The diagram below shows the angular altitude of Polaris above the horizon at a certain location.

What is the latitude of the observer?

A)

B)

C)

D)

81. "Which graph best represents the altitude of Polaris observed at northern latitude positions on theEarth's surface?"

A) latitude B) longitudeC) solar time D) local time

82. The angle of the star Polaris above the northernhorizon can be used to determine an observer's

A) 40° N 120° W B) 44° N 122° WC) 46° N 120° W D) 48° N 116° W

83. The shaded area of the map below represents largeareas of surface basaltic bedrock in the northwesternUnited States.

Which location is in the shaded area of surfacebasaltic bedrock?

84. Base your answer to the following question on thelatitude and longitude system shown below. The maprepresents a part of the Earth's surface and itslatitude-longitude coordinates. Points A through F represent locations in this area.

A) Latitude lines are parallel and longitude linesmeet at the poles.

B) Latitude lines are parallel and longitude linesmeet at the Equator.

C) Longitude lines are parallel and latitude linesmeet at the poles.

D) Longitude lines are parallel and latitude linesmeet at the Equator.

How are latitude and longitude lines drawn on aglobe of the Earth?

A) decrease B) increaseC) remain the same

85. As a person travels due west across New York State,the altitude of Polaris will

A) B)

C) D)

86. Which graph best represents the relationshipbetween the latitude of an observer and the observedaltitude of Polaris above the northern horizon?

A) 15° S 20° W B) 15° S 20° EC) 15° N 20° W D) 15° N 20° E

87. The diagram below represents a portion of theEarth's latitude and longitude system.

What are the approximate latitude and longitude ofpoint A?

A) B)

C) D)

88. The diagrams below represent four systems ofimaginary lines that could be used to locate positionson a planet. Which system is most similar to thelatitude-longitude system used on the Earth?

A) 2 hours earlier B) 2 hours laterC) 3 hours earlier D) 3 hours later

89. Since Denver's longitude is 105° W and Utica'slongitude is 75° W, sunrise in Denver occurs

A) decrease B) increaseC) remain the same

90. As a person travels northward from the Equator, thealtitude of Polaris will appear to

A) 44°10' N 74°05' WB) 44°05' N 73°55' WC) 73°55' N 44°10' WD) 74°05' N 44°05' W

91. New York State's highest peak, Mt. Marcy, is locatedat approximately

A) altitude B) latitudeC) length of daylight D) solar time

92. Cities located on the same meridian (longitude) musthave the same

A) due east B) due southC) due west D) due north

93. An observer on a moving ship notices that thealtitude of Polaris increases each night. Local solarnoon occurs at the same time each day. In whatdirection is the ship moving?

A) 16° N B) 37° NC) 53° N D) 90° N

94. The diagram below represents an observermeasuring the altitude of Polaris.

At which latitude is this observer located?

A) 15°N. 30°W. B) 15°S. 30°W.C) 15°N. 30°E. D) 15°S. 30°E.

95. The diagram below represents a portion of a map ofthe Earth's grid system. What is the approximatelatitude and longitude of point A?

A) 0º B) 23 ½ºN.C) 90º S. D) 90º N.

96. At which latitude will Polaris be overhead?

A) Watertown B) MassenaC) Buffalo D) New York City

97. What could be the approximate location of anobserver if he measured the altitude of Polaris to be41 degrees above the horizon?

A) the dateB) the altitude of PolarisC) the longitude at which the person is locatedD) the latitude at which the person is located

98. A person knows the solar time on the PrimeMeridian and the local solar time. Whatdetermination can be made?

Answer KeyLATITUDE/LONGITUDE/POLARIS REVIEW 2019

1. A2. A3. C4. C5. C6. A7. B8. B9. D10. C11. B12. C13. B14. B15. B16. B17. B18. B19. B20. D21. B22. B23. D24. A25. B26. A27. B28. D29. D30. C31. A32. A33. A34. D35. B

36. B37. C38. C39. A40. A41. B42. B43. B44. A45. B46. C47. D48. B49. D50. C51. B52. A53. C54. B55. D56. B57. D58. B59. C60. D61. C62. B63. A64. D65. C66. C67. C68. D69. A70. C

71. B72. D73. B74. D75. B76. A77. B78. A79. D80. B81. B82. A83. C84. A85. C86. D87. C88. A89. B90. B91. B92. D93. D94. C95. D96. D97. D98. C