2-4 basic engineering drawing and cad i.pdf

8/18/2019 2-4 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD I.pdf

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DAE Mechanical Technology1st Year

2011-2012

Basic Engineering Drawing &

CAD-I

(MT-163)

1. Lesson Plans

2. Operation Sheets

NAVTTC / TEVTA/ JICADecember 2011


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This TLM has been developed in the "Project for Development of Center of Excellence of Technical Education", on

Mechanical Technology at Government College of Technology Railway Road (GCT RR), by a collaboration work among

National Vocational & Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC), Punjab Technical Education and Vocational Training

Authority (TEVTA) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).


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Basic Engineering Drawing &

CAD-I

MT-163

LESSON PLANS


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Table of Contents

Application of Technical Drawing 1

Application of Technical Drawing 6

Drafting equipments, construction, use and care 8

Types of Lines 10

Lettering 12

Drafting Geometry 14

Drafting Geometry 16

Sketching and Shape Description 18

Engineering Curves 20

Introduction to Multi view drawing 22

Introduction to Multi-view Projection 24



Introduction to Pictorial Drawing 30

Introduction to Pictorial Drawing 32

Introduction to Pictorial drawing 34

Introduction to Pictorial drawing 36

Basic Dimensioning 38

Basic Dimensioning 40

Introduction to the Development 42

Introduction to the Development 44


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LESSON PLAN

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 01(A)

Application of Technical Drawing Name:

Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time:

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:-

1.

Know the graphic/Universal Language and its types.2. Describe the communication levels.

3. Describe the role of Inventor, Engineer

Designer, Technician, and Craftsman.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1.

2.

3.

4.

Describe the Engineering Team

Describe the Engineering Design Terms

Describe the Communication Methods

Describe uses of Drawing in the

manufacturing of construction field

SSC, General Information About Sketching

& Drawing

Time

allocated

TOPICS, NOTES (Brief)

with teacher students activities

Key points/Reminders/Sketch

Teaching Aids/Evaluation

INTRODUCTION Graphic/universal language

1.1 Impotence of Technical Drawing

Imagination: What do you think

You will need for a better life style in this century.

What kind of house will you need? What kind of car will you drive?

What magic will your computer?

If you stretch your imagination you can start thinking

about how things will be designed in the future.

All designs need creative imagination.

Communication: 9/2

Drawing is a method to describe

with lines without words.

Someone has said “a picture is

worth 10,000 words”

The carvings on the ancient temples

of Egypt serve to tell a story – astory without words.

It is the graphic language.

Mother of Engineering.

Language of Industry/universal

language.

Gift of creative imagination is more

important than all technology.

Technology is the result of creative

researchers, Engineers and Designers

thinking about what will be neededtomorrow and beyond.

Idea – How you can tell to others.

Talk, write or draw a picture.


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Time

allocated





Vee Block (example)

Figure

Innovation:

Example of wheel

Wheels make it possible for animals to move greater

loads.

Communication levels. Ref. (19---23/2)Level one :- (Creative communication.)

Level two:- (Technical communication

Level three:- (Market communication)

Design for a client/customer.

Level four:- (Construction communication)

Includes all the detail needed for manufacturing

or construction.

1.2 Language of Engineering Terminology

In industry design ideas communicated

through special kind of technical drawing

process called drafting.

To show his description and size,

specification, it is easy to describe

through drawing than written description.

Imagination & communication lead to

innovation.

One new Product leads to the

development of others.

Such products are called spin-offs.

Gear, cam, rotating shafts Propellers

and turbine engines have the

modification of wheel.

Begins idea in the mind of Engineer ordesigner.

Birth of idea, sketch the 1st concept.

Designer and Engineer gives a sketch

to other members of design team.

Change the original design to make

it more practical.

Design refined or improved through

the ideas of several peoples.

Especially useful in Architecture(Perspective)

Clients evaluate design for style form &

function.

These drawing must be complete so that

the estimators can figure the exact cost of

a Project.

Factory Superintendent can know

exactly how a product is to be made.

People who use the drawings should not

have to guess about details or askquestions.

Inventor is a creator who gives the idea.

Engr. sees its technical physibility and


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Role of Engineering Team Ref.(16,17/2)

Inventor

Engineer

Designer

Technician

Craftsman

Designer design it properly, how its work

etc.

Technician manufactures it in different

levels.

Craftsman is a most important person

which gives the shape initially how it

looks etc.


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Engineering Design Terms 2/1

Must be familiar with these terms

Drafting (common)

Drafting Technology.

Technical Drawing

Technical Sketching

Mechanical Drawing

Engineering Drawing

Engineering Graphic

Descriptive Geometry

CAD and Drafting CAD.

CAD

Basic Drafting

Role of Engineer, Designer & Drafter is a form of hub

of Engineering Process.

Everything revolves around the Engineer and his

team.

Communication method

Many problems arise due to lack of understanding of

Drawing is universal graphic language

used by Engineering design team all over

the world.

Refer to all the following types of

communication.

Tools & technologies used by designers,drafters and engineers to develop the

items for new products into useable

technical drawing.

Broad terms which expresses

technical ideas including sketches,

Mechanical drawing Charts and

illustrations.

Free hand technical drawing

Communicate the shape of idea to

others.

A technical drawing made with drafting

instruments.

A mechanical drawing used by the

Engineering team to describe the

production of a part, its shape, size and

its material.

Graphic illustration/drawing that

represents physical objects used inEngineering and science.

A method for solving special and

graphical problems using precise

geometric descriptions.

Interactive design tool used to produce

design ideas and technical drawing using

computer Hard ware and Soft ware.

Most commonly used to mean“Computer Aided Drafting /Design.”

A beginning course in the basic language

of graphics which acquaints the students

with basic processes, activities and skill

for advanced work.

Most important form

Verbal communication base (sound and


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1.3 Uses of Technical Drawing

In manufacturing field

Construction field

Graphic communication base (lines and

symbols)

Example of questioning, talking

Poor communication

It’s a basic need

Basic skill of all peoples.

Many people besides these involved with

manufacturing and building need to know

and use the graphic language.They include service and maintenance

workers, Sales people, consumers etc.

should know the graphic language.

Explain from idea to drawing sketch etc.

Every type of drawing used in

construction

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill)

Show the picture/drawing & ask about that.

Special Assignment: - (Usually home work)

Collect the leaflet, Brushers, Drawing Pictures & name the use and field.

Tools Material & Aids:-

Transparencies, Models, Charts, Multimedia

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott, Foy, Schwendan page 15 to 46

Mechanical Drawing by French, svencen page59 to 84


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LESSON PLAN

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 01(B)

Application of Technical Drawing Name:



1.

Type of Drawing2. Common drawing forms

3. Application of Technical drawing.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Describe free hand & Instrumental drawing.

2. Explain Multi view, Pictorial and Schematic

drawing.

3. Differentiate and illustrate different forms.

4. Recognize the different application of Technical

Drawing.

SSC, Concept of drawing,Drawing Forms,

communication methods. Uses of

technical drawing

Time

allocated

TOPICS,NOTES (Brief)

With teacher student activities



Method of expression

I. Free hand

II. Instrumental

1.4 Forms of Instrumental Drawing

a)

Orthographic drawing

b) Pictorial drawing

c) System /Schematic drawing

Circuit diagram

Maps

Block diagram

Pictorial diagram

a)

Orthographic drawing

b) Pictorial drawing

c) System drawing (Not drawn to scale)

(Type of drawing)

Without instruments.

With instruments

Show charts

Working drawing

1. Detail drawing

2. Assembly drawing

2.1 Sub-Assembly drawing

Axonometric

Oblique

Perspective


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work.

Common drawing forms.

Electrical drawing may be classified into

the following

i. Schematic diagram

ii. Wiring diagram

ii.

Block diagramv. Pictorial diagram

v. Drawing symbols

1.4 Application of Technical Drawing

i. Engineering drafting

ii. Tooling

iii. Industrial design

iv.

Technical Illustrationv. Electrical /Electronic drafting

vi. Architectural drafting

vii. Civil drafting

viii. Topographical drafting

Describe different fields where

drawing is used.


Ask questions from students?

___________________________________________________________


Collect the pictures of different drawing forms and identify these pictures.

____________________________________________________________


Transparencies, chart. OHP, Multimedia, white board and markers etc.


Drafting Fundamentals by Scott, Foy, Schwendan page 15 to 46

Mechanical Drawing by French, svencen page59 to 84


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LESSON PLAN

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 02__

Drafting equipments, construction, use and care Name:


GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Care for drafting equipments properly.

2. Identify different drafting equipments by their name.

3. Select the proper drafting equipments for drawing.

4. Develop the ability to use the drafting equipments.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Explain the introduction and importance of good

quality Instruments

2.

Describe the construction, use and care of allequipments.

3. Know the proper use of instrument Box and its

accessories.

4. Explain use of pencil, their grading, sharpening

techniques and scales

SSC, previous topic, Drawing uses and

application of technical drawing

Time

allocated





5 Motivation

List of Drawing Instruments

1. -Drawing Board/Table/Machine

2. -Technical Square(30,60,90)(45,45,90)

3. -Set Square(Triangle)

4. -Instrument Box

I. Compass, Bow, Beam compass

II.

Divider, Small Bow Divider

III. Lengthening attachment

IV. Attachments(Needle, Lead)

V. Ruling Pen

VI. Box for needles and Leads

VII. Screw driver

Showing Actual Instruments

Briefing about previous Topic Asking the questions

1. How to make a sketch?

2. How you can handle the drawing

equipments.

Size , use, quality of manufacturing

Fixed/Flexible, wooden, celluloid etc.

Both type of scales large, medium.

To draw circles, curves,To divide line, transfer distance, measure

the line

to draw the large circle diameter

Detachable

For inking

Alternate needles and lead

Locking the screws of instruments.


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Time

allocated





01

01

01

04

04

04

01

01

02

01

01

01

01

5- Eraser/Cleaner/Rubber/Machine

6- Sharpener (Small, Large)

7- Protractor (Round, Semi Circle)

8- Pencils(H-9H, B-6B,HB,F)

9- Scale Metric, decimal, Architecture

Shapes(Triangular, R.T, Flat, Opposite bevel,4B)

10- Drawing paper Quality of Paper

11- Drafting tape (Paper, Scotch)

12- Dusting Brush.

13- Drafting Media (Reproduction)

14-Lettering device

15-Adjustable Curves

16-Templates. (variety)

17- French curves or irregulars revisions.

Soft rubber

Sharpening machine.

For making angles

Wooden case, Metal or Plastic case.

Civil Engg. Scale, Mechanical Engg.Scale.

Size, Metric, Inches, Role, Sheets.

Drawing Paper, Tracing Cloth ,Paper(vellum)

Film (Polyester Plastics)


How should drafting equipments to be stored.

Asking the name & use of different equipments?


Sketch the drawing instruments with parts name.

Paste the photo of drawing equipments.


Real Drawing equipments, Transparencies, Charts, Multimedia.


Drafting Fundamentals by Scott, Foy, Schwendan Page 15-43

Mechanical Drawing by French, Sevensen Page 59-84


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LESSON PLAN

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 03_

Types of Lines Name:



1.

Importance of Lines, and Basic lines.2. Common types of lines.

3. Uses and correct line weight age.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Identify the point line & Basic lines

2. State the line characteristics

3. Describe uses of each line with correct

weight and pencil grade.

4. Describe the objectives in drafting.

SSC, Previous topics, Drawing

classification, sketching and ideas.

Time

allocated





5

25

Motivation & Introduction

Point.

Lines (Graphic representation)

3.1 Types of Basic/Straight lines.

3.2 Importance of Lines

3.3 Types of lines. 1. Border line

2. Construction line

3. Object line.

4. Hidden line

5. Dimension &Extension line

6. Centre line

7. Cutting plane line

8. Section lines.

9. Break line

a.

Short Break lineb. Long Break line.

Communication methods.

Examples of drawing & sketching.

Lines convey the idea & thought.

International Conveying method.

Straight & curved lines.

- Horizontal, vertical, inclined

- Parallel & converging lines.

Show the transparencies & Drawings on

Multimedia.

3.4 Proper weight age.

3.5 Grading of pencil

3.6 Application of lines.


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Time

allocated





10

10

10- Ditto line

11-Leader

12-Arrow HeadApplication

3.7 Objective in Drafting

Accuracy

Speed

Legibility

Neatness

Used to show alternative position of the part

To lead the part identification

Showing a complete drawingWith application of lines. proper weight

and grade of pencil

Make it habit.

Slow drafters are not accepted

Very much necessary.

Good quality required.


Ask questions about types of lines, their proper use in Engineering Drawing.

Objective in drafting also.


Give them an assignment to identify the drawing lines from the given drawing.

________________________________________________________________


Charts, Drawing, Multimedia, Projector

Few drawing in which application of drawing shows.


1. Engineering drawing by Colin Simmons, Dennis Maguire Page (36-38)

2. Technical drawing by Frederick E-Giesecke, Alva, Henry, Ivan Page (21,22,23)


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LESSON PLAN

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 04

Lettering __ Name:Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time:

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Importance of good lettering

2. Requirements and General Proportions of Lettering

3. Classification and Styles of Letting

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Describe and identify the composition of letter Previous topics, Lines and Drawing

2. Describe the guide lines, strokes and types of lettering. concept and lettering importance

3.

State the lettering styles and holding the pencil techniques.4. Describe and use of different lettering devices.

5. Describe the principles of a good lettering.

Time

allocated





05

05

10

05

10

05

20

Lettering Introduction + Motivations.

-Instrumental lettering – Takes time, be avoid.

- Free hand lettering – careful and continuous

practice.

4.1 Importance of good lettering

Principles of good Lettering

4.2 General Proportions of Lettering

4.3 Composition of letters and numerals.

4.4 Guide lines.

4.5 Classification of Lettering styles.4.5.1 Stroke

i) Single stroke

ii) Double stroke

i) Pen friendship.

ii) Drawing without text.(Lettering &

dimensions)

iii) Fully description with lettering.

Looks beautiful, Legible.

Shapes, Size, Slope, Spacing

Style, weight.

In normal or compressed, Extended(Light

face, Bold face) vary thickness of stems or

stroke

i) Best spacing between letters and

words

ii) Size and stroke of a letter.

Light /thin lines to maintain the height of

letter.

Gothic lettering – Commercial Gothic.

Roman lettering- old + Modern Roman.

Italic lettering

Text letters – free hand lettering.


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Time

allocated





05

05

05

05

05

Further Divided into

Light Face Lettering

Bold Face Lettering

Upper Case Lettering

Lower Case Lettering

Elements of Letters

4.6 Style of Letter

i)

Pencils for Lettering and holding techniquesii) General Rules for Lettering

Shape

Size

Slope

Spacing

Style

Weight

4.7 Lettering devices such as guide and

lettering instruments

Composed two Simple elements

i) Stem (Straight line, H,V, Inclined

made

with single downward)

ii) Oval (made with one or two stroke

of pencil)

Perfect Ellipse with a well determined

ratio between its major & miner axis

i) Vertical 90o

ii) Inclined 67o ½

Six fundamental rules

Same shape, one composition. All Letters should have same size.

All Letters should have same slope.

b/w letters should compact and

uniform b/w words

Upper and lower case should not mix

Weight of stroke should be same

through the composition.


Asking the question, Give the test Quiz attach here with.


Select & collect different letters & identify the names of lettering.


Lettering templates, Leroy set charts of lettering styles.

Multimedia which screen/ board, transparencies.


1. Drafting Fundamental by Scott Foy 84-99

2. Mechanical Drawing by French 27-33

3. Technical drawing by Frederick


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LESSON PLAN


Drafting Geometry ______ Name:



1.

Introduction to Geometry, Plane and solid Types2. Define the terms and different conventional shapes, surfaces.

3. Basic Geometrical Construction

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Define the concept of common terms

used in Geometric Construction.

2. Explain different geometrical shapes,

surfaces of objects.

3. Bisecting a line ,angles

4. Describe different Geometrical

Construction

SSC, Previous topic, Lines Instruments and

geometrical shapes.

Time

allocated





-Motivation

5.1 Introduction to GeometryUsed in ancient times for measuring land and

making right angle corners for buildings and others

kind of constructions.

Geometry =Study of the sized and shape of things

Plane shape

Solid shape.

Geometric figures used in drafting.

Geometric constructionUsed by Drafters, Surveyors, Engineers,

Architectures, Scientists, Mathematicians and

Designers.

Common terms used in GeometricConstruction

5.2 Different Geometrical shapes, Surfaces of

object (Use transparency.)

Asking the Question about

Star, figures. Square etc

Always been important to people.

. Example of Egyptian rope stretchers

The relationship of straight and curved lines

in drawing shapes is also a part of geometry.

Circle, Square, Triangle, Hexagon etc.

Drawing made of individual lines and points

drawn in proper relationship to one another

are known as geometric construction.

Point, line, parallel, perpendicular,

converging, curve, plane figure. solids, Right,oblique (inclined)

Two dimensional and three dimensional.

Triangle, Quadrilateral, Polygons, Circle show

figures.


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Time

allocated





5.3 Bisecting a Line and Angle.

5.4 Basic Geometrical constructions.

i) Angle

ii) Triangle

iii) Quadrilateral

iv) Polygons

v) Circle

Discuss parts of a circle ( Show chart )

Centre, Radius, Diameter, Chord, Arc

Semi circle, Quadrant, Circumference,

Sector, Segment.

Opening space between two lines which

ends meet

End point of three lines if join together.

End points of 4 lines.

End points of 5 or more than 5 meet.

d line which has equal distance from a fixed

t called circle.


Asking the questions about Geometry & its shapes.


Make a free hand sketch of each Geometric figures and also paste

the geometrical solids._______________________________


Plane figures, Models of solids, Multimedia OHP White Board,

Marker 4 color.___________________________________


1. Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy, Schewendauu page 57 - 82

2. Mechanical Drawing by French Svensen page 101 - 119

3. Technical drawing by Frederick, Alva, Henry, Ivan page 89 – 100


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LESSON PLAN


Drafting Geometry Name:


GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Define the different Geometrical Shapes

2. Describe Angle and its types.

3. Describe Triangle, Quadrilateral, Polygons & circle elements.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Identify the different geometrical figures

2. Explain Angle, Triangle, Quadrilateral

3. Explain Polygons & their Types

4. Explain circle element & describe the

procedure of drawing of Fig.

SSC, Previous topic, Lines Instruments and

geometrical shape

Time

allocated





Geometric Construction

Angle:Types of Angles:

Triangle:Types of Triangles:

Quadrilateral:Types of Quadrilateral:

Show charts


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Time

allocated





Polygons:

Kinds of Polygons:

Circle Elements (Terminology):

1. Pentagon

2. Hexagon

3. Heptagon

4. Octagon show charts

5.

Nonagon

6. Decagon

Center

Circumference

Radius

Diameter

Sector

Quadrant

Segment Arc

Cord

Semi circle


Asking the Question? Give them a test(Attached)


Draw the rough sketch of different Geometric figures.


Plane figures, Models of solids, Multimedia OHP White Board, Marker 4

color._____________________________________________


1. Drafting Fundamental by Scott Foy

2.

Mechanical Drawing by French3. Technical drawing by Frederick


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LESSON PLAN


Sketching and Shape Description _ Name:

Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time:GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Explain the importance of Free hand sketching

and layout of a free hand sketch in correct manner.

2. Introduction to Sketching Techniques.

3. Sketching techniques of straight lines in different directions.

4. Sketching Circles, Arcs, Ellipse, Pictorial & Multi views.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Describe sketching material and techniques.

2. Describe circular arc using circular line method

and Square method

3.

Describe an Ellipse using rectangular method4. Describe Sketching Pictorial views and

Proportions in view sketching

Drawing concept, Instruments and idea of free

hand sketching.

Time

allocated



Key points/Reminders/Sketch Teaching

Aids/Evaluation

Motivation + Introduction

6.1 Introduction

Designers, Drafters. Technicians,

Engineers & Architects often explain.

Complicated or unclear thoughts with

a free hand sketch. Ideas imagined in the mind can be

caught in sketch and thus hold in

simple lines for further study.

Importance/Reasons for sketching

Most important points for sketching

26/2

Ask Questions.

1- Simplest form of drawing.

2- Quickest ways to express ideas.

Language of sketching has four basic visual

symbols (things that can be seen)

These are a point, a line, a plane and a

texture(surface quality)

1. To persuade people that an idea is a good.

2. To develop a refined sketch of a proposed

solution to a problem.

3. To clarify a complicated detail.

4. To give design ideas to drafters.

5.

To develop a series of ideas for refining anew Product.

6. To develop and analyze the best method.

7. Need to repair a part that breaks over.

8. To show many ways to solve the problem.

9. 9. To spend less time in drawing quicker to

make a sketch


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Time

allocated





Sketching materials.

Pencil Points Page 130/3

Use HB, F, Pencil

1.

Sharp and Black

2. Medium and Black

3. Slightly dull and Black.

4. Very dull and light.

Types of Sketches 33,34/2

Rough Sketch

Refined Sketch

Temporary Sketch

Permanent Sketch

6.2 Sketching techniques of H.V. and

inclined lines.

6.3 circle and Arcs ( 42/2, 110/1, 131/3)

6.4 Ellipse (111/1, 133/3)

6.5 Pictorial views.

6.6 Proportions in Sketching of views.

Pencil, paper, eraser ( For ready use)

Sharpen it to a conical point use for

centre, dimension & Extension line.

Round of the point slightly to produce

the desired thickness of line for visible,

hidden and C.P line.

Use of thin lead mechanical pencil with

suitable diameter and grade of lead

minimizes the need for sharpening and

point dressing.

Make all line dark.

Very light with light pressure

Circular line method

Enlargement and reduction.

(113/1) (43/2, 112/1)

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill)Ask questions about sketching reason material & techniques.

___________________________________________________________


Give assignment of a sketching of pictorial & multi view circular object_


Charts, Multimedia, White board and markers, Sketching Material

___________________________________________________________


1. Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy page 109 -113

2. Mechanical Drawing by French page 26,33,34,42,43

3. Technical drawing by Frederick page 130 -133


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LESSON PLAN


Engineering Curves___ Name:



1.

Introduction to the Curves2. Application of Engineering Curves

3. Conic Sections, Spiral, Involutes & cycloid

4. Know how G fig. produced by section of a cone

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Describe the different Engineering Curves

and their application.

2. Define Cone and Conic Sections.

3. Define Archimedean, Spiral and involutes.

4. Describe the Cycloidial curves.

SSC, Previous Topic, Lines, Curves,

Geometric shapes

Timeallocated

TOPICS, NOTES (Brief)with teacher students activities

Key points/Reminders/SketchTeaching Aids/Evaluation

Motivation

7.1 Introduction of a curve.

7.2 Different Engineering Curves & their

application.

7.3 Cone and Conic Sections.1. Circle

2. Ellipse

3. Parabola

4. Hyperbola

Motion of Train, Car, (Peing )etc

Uses:

In constructions of Arches, Reflectors of light

and sound, space antenna & other

engineering works.

Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola, Spiral &

involutes, Helix, Cycloidial curves.

How can obtained these curves

1- Cut the cone parallel to the base.

2- Cut the cone with greater angle to the

axis.

3- Cut the cone parallel to its element.

4- Cut the cone parallel to its axis.

Spiral: - It is a locus of a point which movescontinuously along a line rotates about its

one end.

Involutes: - The unwind curve generated bya point which rolls on a circumference of a

circle on the straight line is called Involutes.


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Time

allocated





7.4 Archimedean Spiral 117/3

7.4.1 Involutes of aSquare, Triangle, Hexagon, Circle. 118/3

7.5 Cycloidial Curves. 119/3, 120/3

Cycloid

Epicycloids

Hypocycloid.

Helix: - The curve traced out by a point, which

moves around and along the circumference of a

cylinder with uniform velocity.

Use Toys, Clocks, Cams

Cycloid, the curve traced out by a point onthe circumference of a circle which rolls along

a straight line.

Epicycloids, the curve traced out by a pointon the circumference of a circle which rolls

along another circle outside it.

Hypocycloid, when a circle rolls alonganother circle inside it, the curve is called

hypocycloid.

Around the cylinder (R.H and L.H)

Around the cone (R.H and L.H)


Ask the questions.


Drawing of Engineering Curves.


Multimedia, charts, White board and markers, Toys , spring


Technical Drawing by Frederick page 109 -120, 3A page 64 -69


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LESSON PLAN


Introduction to Multi view drawing __ Name:



1.

Introduction to the plane and its types.2. Dihedral and Trihedral angles.

3. Theory of Projections.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Describe the plane & its type.

2. Define Dihedral and Trihedral angles.

3. Explain theory of Projection, Projection of

points lines

4. Explain projection of plane and solids.

SSC, Drawing Concept Its Importance and

views concepts.

Time

allocated





05

10

15

Motivation & Introduction.

8.1 Introduction of Plane

Types of Plane

8.2 Dihedral angle

Trihedral angle

A surface which has length and width only.

Horizontal: Parallel to the ground.

Vertical: Perpendicular to the H.P.

Profile: Perpendicular to H.P. & V.P.

Auxiliary/Inclined: Which is at any angle

of except 90 & 180

Two planes intersect each other at right

angle (H.P. & V.P.)

Three planes intersect each other at right

angle (H.P. & V.P.)


29/233

Time

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10

10

8.3 Projection:

Projection of a point 167/3

Projection of a line 167/3

Projection of a plane.

Projection of Solids

Cube, Prism, Cylinder, Cone, Pyramid,

Simple objects etc

Any kind of representation of an object

on a paper, screen or similar surface by

drawing or by photography is called the

projection of that object.

If different straight lines are drawn from

the various points on the contour of an

object to meet a plane the figure, thus,

formed by joining these points in correct

sequence is called the projection of that

object.

Simple block in a Quadrant show figure

Example of film movie


Question on line & plane figure to determine the projections on

Principal planes.



Charts, Model of Glass, Multimedia, OHP, Transparencies’ white board

And markers, wooden models


Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy Page (155-162) _____

Mechanical Drawing by French Page (130-146) _____

Technical Drawing By Frederick page 155 _____

Machine Drawing by R. K Dhawan page 2.1 – 2.16 _____


30/233

LESSON PLAN


Introduction to Multi-view Projection____ Name:



1.

Multi view drawing concept.2. Know & develop ability to understand the Basic Principle of orthographic Projection.

3. Identify and select the various views of an object.

4. Determine the number of various methods to describe the shape and size of an object.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Define the concept of Multi view Drawing

2. Know the plane of Projections

3. Understand the relationship of views.

4. Describe the orthographic method of

projections.

SSC, Drawing Concept its Importance and

views concepts.

Time

allocated





8.4 Concept of Multi view Projection.

155/1, 130/2

The Prefix “multi” means that a member of views

is required to completely describe the object.

8.5 Planes of Projection 133/2

8.6 Orthographic methods of Projections.

Method of representing the exact form of an

object in two or more views on planes usually at

right angles to each other by lines drawn

perpendicular from the object to the planes.

An engineer who designs machines or products

must describe them completely and clearly so

that other people can make them.

Engineer/Architect makes a mental image of

object and then sketches its shape & size.

A Plane is an imaginary flat surface that has no

thickness. Orthographic projection involves the

use of three planes Vertical plane, H.P, P.P.

V.P. and H.P. divided space into 4 quadrants.

“Ortho” mean straight or at right angle.

“Graphic” mean written or drawn.

It is Latin words.

Pro-meaning “forward” and ejection meaning

“to throw”.

Orthographic Projection literally mean thrown

forward drawn at right angle.


31/233

Time

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10

10

Relationship of views. 132/2When the normal views are placed in proper

relationship to one another the result is a Multi

view drawing.

Principal views.

Six principal views.

Views Selection.

Must select the number of views needed to

describe the object completely

Views must be placed in proper relationship to

one another. Only in this way we can read

technical drawing properly. How these normal

views have been revolved (turned) into the

proper planes.

Glass method.

Front, top, bottom, right side, left side,

And back or rear views.

Sometimes they are called normal views.


_Questions ______________________________


Practice of making views from the given objects._______________


Glass box, Charts, Models, Multimedia, white board, markers


Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy Page (155-162)

Mechanical Drawing by French Page (130-146)

Technical Drawing by Frederick page 155


32/233

LESSON PLAN

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 8(C)

Introduction to Multi-view Projection__ Name:


GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Identify and select the various views of an object.

2. Compare the 1st and 3rd angle projection system.

3. Describe the arrangements of principal views.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Describe the difference between 1st. and

3rd. angle projection system.

2. Visualize “the glass box” concept and its

application.

3. Describe the principal views and its

arrangement.4. Develop a multi view drawing following

the prescribed step by step process from

the initial idea to a finished drawing.

same as previous

Time

allocated





Introduction

Concept of quadrant.

8.7 Concept of Projection.(1st. & 3rd. Angle)

Object placed in 1st Angle.

Object placed in 3rd angle.

Comparison between 1st & 3rd angle

projection Systems.

1st. 2nd, 3rd, 4th & its revolution.

1. Object to be projected

2. Plane of projection

3. Projections

4. Observer eyes or S.P.

See 2.11/6

Show transparencies


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Time

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Symbols of 1st & 3rd angle projection system.

28/6

8.8 Arrangements of Principal views.

2.14/6

Selection of views. 2.12/6

One view

Two view

Three view etc.

Spacing of views 2.13/6

Placement of views in 1st and 3rd angle projection

system.

1st angle

3rd angle

Proper selection of views is most important

in Orthographic.

Should select the least number of views for

clear & complete description of an object.

Unnecessary or poor chosen views should be

avoided.

+ most important

-If only one view, it should be in centre.

More than one view space should be divided

into suitable rectangles.

-


Ask Question about the 1st. and 3rd. angle projection system


Make free hand sketches of Model placed in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th quadrant.


Model, Charts, Glass box, Multimedia, white Board, markers, OHP,

transparencies

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) __________________________________________________________

Machine Drawing by R.K. sDhawan pages indicated


34/233

LESSON PLAN

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 8(D)

Introduction to Multi-view Projection _ Name:



1.

Make a multi view drawing.2. Use different lines in making multi view drawing.

3. Understand the uses of Multi view drawing.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Select views that will best show the

object you are drawing.

2. Project information from one view to

an adjacent view

3. Understand the relationship of views.

4. Practice of Multi view projection and

missing lines.

Projection Theory

Time

allocated





Motivation + Introduction.

8.9 Multi view drawing or Multi view projection.

Multi means a number of views required to

completely describe the object “Projection”

comes from the word project which mean “to

throw forward”.

The older, more technical name for the method is

orthographic projection. Ortho mean at right

angle and projection mean drawn.

155/1

Engineer & Architect makes a mental image

of object.

Then sketches or draws several views to

accurately describe its shape & size.

Preliminary drawings to make final drawings

for use in manufacturing & construction.

To understand multi view drawing, consider

an object beyond a piece of glass. You look

at the object through the glass and view one

side at a time

You keep your line of sight perpendicular to the

glass.


35/233

Time

allocated





Complicated object.

Glass Box method. 157/1

Principal views. 158/1

Views selection. 159/1

Missing lines.

Each of these lines of sight passes through

the glass at a point.

Usually start from front view

o (most important detail in it)

Then move at right angle (side view)

o Top

Show more than three views may be 4 or

five.

Six principal views.

Front, Top, Bottom, Right Side., Left Side and

back

Also called normal views.

To describe completely the object we draw 3

views.

Select those views that show the object as

completely as possible.

Draw some view with messing line &

complete it with the help of isometric view

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill)Ask Question ___________________________________


Make a glass model and place wooden model and then draw the views.

Tools Material & Aids:-White board, Markers, Charts, OHP, Transparencies, Models, etc.


Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy page ( 155 – 159 )


36/233

LESSON PLAN


Introduction to Pictorial Drawing _ Name:


GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Uses of Pictorial Drawing.

2. State the Types of Pictorial Drawing

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Describe the importance of Pictorial

Drawing

2. Describe the three types of Pictorial

Drawing

3. Explain Axonometric and oblique Drawing

4. Explain the Perspective Drawing

SSC, Concept of Drawing,2-D, 3-D,

Sketching and shape Description

Time

allocated





Pictorial Drawing:-

9.1 Importance /Uses

9.2 Types of Pictorial Drawing:-1. Axonometric Projection

2. Oblique Projection

3. Perspective Projection

3 Dimensional Drawing in which everyone can

understand the object easily.

Quick Communication.

Easiness in assembling.

Unskilled worker understand also.

Help the untrained people to read multi-

view drawing understand basic shapes.

Help the craftsman to quick understanding.

It also enables the designer to visualize the

successive stages of the design and to

develop it in a satisfactory manner.

Inclined position of the object with respect to

plane of projection.

Since the principle edges and surfaces of the

object are inclined to the plane of projection.


37/233

Time

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Types of Axonometric Projection:-

Ordinary Scale 450

Isometric scale 300 (Projection)

Isometric Circle

Isometric lettering

Non-Isometric Lines

Types of Oblique Projection

(Easiest Pictorial Drawing)

1. Cavalier Projection(Full scale)

2. Cabinet Projection(Half scale)

Types of Perspective Projection

1. One point (Parallel)

2. Two point (Angular)

1-Isometric (Commonly used) 3 axis equal

2-Di-metric (2 axis equal) (Not Commonly

used)

3-Trimetric (3 axis Different) (Not Commonly

used)

Depth of an object is drawn at any angle 30, 45,

60.

Every object has three dimensions Width,

Height, Depth called axis.

Two axes are at right angle to each other.

3rd drawn at an angle.

It more closely approximates the view obtained

by the human eye,

Geometrically an ordinary photograph is a

perspective .it is major important to the

Architect, Industrial Designer, illustrators etc.


Ask Question showing Pictures/Drawing ____________________


Collect the figures. Drawing as per today lecture

Tools Material & Aids:-Multimedia, OHP. Charts, models, Transparencies, Whit Board, Markers


Drafting Fundamental by Scott Foy 127-143Mechanical Drawing by French page 47-50

Technical Drawing by Frederick page 510 -572


38/233

LESSON PLAN


Introduction to Pictorial Drawing Name:


GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1) Isometric Sketching of Rectangular Block, Arcs, Circles

2) Oblique Sketching of Rectangular Blocks

3) Make an Isometric and Oblique drawings

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1) Describe and make an isometric view

2) Describe Isometric and non- Isometric lines

3) Explain Oblique drawing and its types

4) Determine what types of object are best by

Isometric or Oblique

Orthographic and Pictorial projection

Time

allocated





05

10

10

9.3 Introduction to Pictorial Drawing:-

Isometric view:-

Three faces of an object shows clearly in

one view called isometric drawing. 344/2

Isometric Scale : 80%

Isometric Lines/Surface 346/2, 512/3

Non- Isometric Lines/Surface

Isometric Circles and Curves:

347,348/2

How to create an isometric drawing.250/2

Dimensioning Techniques

Ask Questions about Types

Position of Isometric axis.

Axis intersects at an angle of 1200.

Three views are in planes located on three axes.

The surface that seems to be most importantwill -determine the choice for the position of

the axis.

347-354/2 Fig.


39/233

Time

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9.4 Oblique Projection & Oblique Drawing

356/2

Types of Oblique Drawing:-

1. Cavalier Oblique (Normal Oblique )

2. Cabinet Oblique(Receding line 1/2)

548/3

Used in furniture industry

Oblique Circle/Curves 142/1 , 359/2

Graphical method

Irregular objects in Oblique Drawing

141/1

Two axis are parallel to the Picture plane and

makes right angle with each other.

Best way to draw an object is usually at the

angle from which it would normally be viewed.

Show Transparencies

First draw circle in a box

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill)Ask Question by showing Isometric, Oblique Drawing


Make sketches of each drawing ___________________


Transparencies and same as previous _________________


1. Drafting Fundamentals by Scott Foy page 136-143

2. Mechanical Drawing by French page 356-360

3. Technical Drawing by Frederick Page 511-524,545-53


40/233

LESSON PLAN

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 9(C)

Introduction to Pictorial drawing __ Name:



1.

Define the meaning of Pictorial drawing2. Described the perspective view.

3. Explain the uses of perspective drawing.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Describe the procedure of making

perspective drawing.

2. Explain the types of perspective drawing

3. Explain the terms used in Perspective

drawing.

4. Distinguish between one point & two

points perspective

Isometric and Oblique Drawing

and its importance

Time

allocated





5

15

10

Introduction.

9.5 Perspective Projection.

1. Actually appear to the eye.

2. Gives the best pictorial efforts.

3. Vertical lines remain vertical.

4. Two set of H.L. each converge towards a

point called Vanishing point.5. Two Vanishing point lines on a Horizon line at

the level of eye.

Terms used in perspective drawing.

Three dimensional representation of an

object as it looks to the eye from a particular

point.

All the pictorial, perspective drawing look

the most like Photographs.

The distinctive feature of Perspective

drawing is that in perspective, lines on the

receding planes that are actually parallel are

not drawn parallel as are isometric & oblique

drawing.

1. Visual rays. 361/2

2. Picture plane.

3. Station point.

4. Horizon line.

5. Ground line

6.

Vanishing points.


41/233

Time

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20 Types of Perspective drawing.

9.5- One point or Parallel Perspective. 362/2,

562/3

9.6- Two point or Angular Perspective.

( Show charts and Transparencies )

One Point Perspective.

If the subject is turned so that one face is

parallel to the Front Plane, the horizontal

Lines on that face or parallel to it remains

horizontal & have no vanishing point.

Two Point Perspective.

When the subject is turned at an angle, the

drawing is to be angular or two point

perspective.


Asking the Question about large buildings, Plaza, Hospital. ______

Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Free hand sketching of both

Tools Material & Aids:-Chart model, Transparencies. White board

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)1. Mechanical Drawing by French page (362-367)

2. Technical Drawing by Frederick page (562-571)


42/233

LESSON PLAN

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 9(D)

Introduction to Pictorial drawing_ Name:



1.

Preparation of Pictorial drawing of simple objectIsometric, Oblique and Perspective

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Describe/define various types of pictorial

drawing

2. Select and draw the most practical type of

pictorial for a specific purpose.

3. Construct irregular curves in pictorial

views.

Multi view projection and Pictorial

projection

Time

allocated





9.7 Preparation of pictorial drawings of

simple objects

Isometric view.

Box method.

Draw orthographic projection.

Give the dimensions a, b, c, d etc.

Make an isometric box as per dimension.

Transfer the distances from Orthographic

drawing to isometric box.

Project the axis till the meeting point.

Be sure that every meeting point has

complete axis of 1200 each direction.

Rub the extra line and highlight the actual

object.


43/233

Time

allocated





Oblique Sketching.

Perspective Sketching.

Simple object with appropriate height.

Make simple objects of oblique drawing

from the orthographic drawing at least 5.


Asking the question about pictorial types __________


Sketch of each type of pictorial __________________


Chart, model, Transparencies. White board, markers__________


Mechanical Drawing by French Page (362-367) ______

Technical Drawing by Frederick Page (562-571) ______


44/233

LESSON PLAN


Basic Dimensioning ____ Name:



1.

Define and explain what “dimensioning” means. 2. Differentiate between size and Location dimension.

3. Place dimension properly on drawings.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Definition of “dimensioning”.

2. Identify the dimensioning types.

3. Enlist the elements of dimensioning.

4. Identify the system of measurements.

SSC, Multi view Drawing, Concept of views

placement, Size description

Time

allocated





10

10

Introduction.

10.1 Dimensioning.

To give the size (L.W.H.) of an object is called

dimensioning (Shape & size description)

10.2 Types of Dimensioning. 168-171/2

1. Size dimension.

2. Location dimension.

It may be

I. From centre to centre

II. Centre to surface

III. Surface to centre.

IV. Surface to surface.

Dimensioning gives information to the

cabinet maker, Carpenter, Machinist or

other people.

Multi view drawing shows geometric shapes

of the product & their relationships.

However drawing must also show the exact

size & relationship of those geometric

shapes in a precise & acceptable manner.

Show the size of the object.

Show the location of any part in the object.

Used to show the relative positions of the

basic shapes. Also used to locate holes,

surfaces and other feathers.


45/233

Time

allocated





10

20

10.3 Elements of Dimensioning. 192/1

Dimension line

Extension line.

Arrow heads.

Leader

Numerals & notes.

Finish mark.

Scale.

10.4 System of measurements to

Dimensioning.1. Aligned System

2. Unidirectional system.

3. Staggered dimensions

4. Group dimensions.

5. Base line/datum line dimensioning.

6.

Dual dimension.

Dimension is:-

1. Perpendicular to the dimension line. Read

from the bottom/Right hand.

2. Read only from the bottom of the sheet

same positioned.

3. Several dimension lines stagger the number.

4. Group of dimensions pertains to one

direction H, W or depth, on the same line.5. One line assumes as a base/datum & all

dimensions placed such that small is first

then next big and so on.

6. Both size, decimal inch & mm. However

some industries use metric system also.

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill)Give them task of Multi view drawing & ask the dimension placement.


Place the all type of dimensions. ______________ _________


Multi view drawing of different parts. Charts, OHP _____________

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)Book 1: Page (190-201)

Book 2: Page (161-173) Book 3 page 309-332


46/233

LESSON PLAN


Basic Dimensioning ____ Name:



1.

Dimensioning of multi view drawing.2. Dimensioning of Pictorial drawing.

3. Dimensioning rules and practices.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Explain and show how to place dimensions

correctly on drawing.

2. Explain how to dimension multi view drawing.

3. Explain how to dimension Pictorial views drawing.

4. Explain rules and practice and notes/speciation

Dimensioning Types and system

Time

allocated





15 10.5 Dimensioning of Multi views drawing.

Show the Transparencies of each dimensioning

techniques.

Dimensioning of :-

1. Angle and chamfer

2. Tapers

3. Curves/Arcs/Contours

4. Geometric forms of a part.

5. Cylindrical parts.

6. Holes/circles/diameter/Radius

7. Tolerances

8. Use of finish marks.

9.

Locating holes.10. Mating Parts.

11. Shapes with rounded ends.

12. Fillets and Rounds.


47/233

Time

allocated





10

15

10

10.6 Dimensioning Pictorial views.

10.7 Dimensioning Rules.See 173-175/2,

340-342/3,

192-193/1

10.8 Notes & Specifications.

No hard & fast rules.

Show picture with dimensions.1. D.L. should be spaced from view outline.

2. If use Aligned system, can be read properly.

3. On machine drawing dimension should be

given in decimals, inches or mm.

4.

When all dimensions are in inches or mm the

symbol is generally omitted & adds a note,

“All dimensions are in mm/inches.

5. Don’t repeat the same dimension.

6. Do not give dimension that are not needed.

7. Place overall dimensions out side the smaller

dimensions.

8. Avoid placing dimensions in a shaded area.

9. Don’t use a centre line of a view as a

dimension line.

10. Avoid crossing a dimension line with another

line.

11. Give the diameter of a circle, not the radius.

12. Use the abbreviation R/Ø before the

dimension.

13. Avoid dimensioning to hidden lines if

possible.

14. Extension line should not cross the other

extension lines.

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill)Ask question for dimensioning


Practice of dimensioning ___________ _____________


Multi view drawing of different parts ___________________

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)Book 1: Drafting Fundamentals by Scott Foy Page (202-222)

Book 2: Mechanical Drawing by French Page (162-187)

Book 3: Technical Drawing by Frederick page (312-341)


48/233

LESSON PLAN


Introduction to the Development __ Name:


GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Define the surface development

2. Explain the role of Development in Packaging and

sheet metal Industry

3. Methods to draw the Development

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Define surface Development

2. Explain the role of Development in

Packaging & sheet metal Industry

3. Describe the Methods to draw the

Development

4. Distinguish Parallel line, Radial line,Triangulation Method

Concept of solids and Geometric curves

Time

allocated





11.1 Surface Development :- It is also called stretch outs or development

11.2 Role/Uses. Important Part of Industrial drafting.

Pipes ,ducts, part of buildings, air

crafts ,automobiles, storage tanks, cabinets,

Boxes , cartons Frozen Food Packages and

countless other items are designed using

surface development.

11.3 Methods to draw the Development:-

i.

Parallel line (Rectangular method)

ii. Radial line (Triangular method )

iii. Triangulation method

11.3.1)Parallel line development :-

Example: cylinder, prism.

11 3 2)R di l li d l t

Full size layout of an object made on a single

flat plane called surface Development.

Surface:-A surface is a geometric magnitude having two

dimensions.(L,W).

It may be generated by a line called

generatix of the surfaces.

Any position of the generatix is an element

of the surface.

Parallel line development is simple way of

making a pattern by drawing the edges of an

object as parallel lines.

Example: Cylinder, Prism.

In the patterns for prisms & cylinders the


49/233

Example :Cone , Pyramid

11.3.3)Triangulation:-

(Diving a surface into a number of Triangles and

transferring them to the development)

Example: Oblique Pyramid and Oblique cone.

lines (vertical construction lines) are

perpendicular to it and parallel to each other.

On cones & pyramids however the edges are

not parallel.

Example: Cone .Pyramids.

Triangulation is a method used for making

approximate developments of surfaces that

can’t be developed exactly. It involves dividing the surface into triangles.


Ask questions about Development & Packing industry _____


Make the development & models of different solids ________


__________________________________________________

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)Mechanical Drawing by French page 497-514

Technical drawing by Frederick page 585-596


50/233

LESSON PLAN


Introduction to the Development __ Name:



1.

Define the surface development2. Explain the role of Development in Packaging

and sheet metal Industry

3. Methods to draw the Development

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors1. Define surface Development

2. Explain the role of Development in

Packaging and sheet metal Industry.

3. Describe the Methods to draw the

Development.

4. Distinguish Parallel line Radial line

Triangulation Method.

Concept of Geometric curves and solids

Time

allocated





11.4 Geometrical solids

Three dimensional geometrical figures are

called solids.

1. Cone

2.

Cylinder

3. Prism

4. Pyramid

Solids bounded by plane surfaces are G .S

Cone, is generated by a straight line called the

generatix, moving in contact with a curved line

and passing through a fix point, the vertex of

the cone. Each position of the generatix is anelement of the cone.

Cylinder is generated by a straight line, called

generatix, moving in contact with a curved line

and always remaining parallel to its previous

position or to the axis. Each position of the

generatix is called an element of the cylinder.

Prism, Solids made by principal line-having top

and base in same shape and size called prism.

OR

Solids bounded by plane surfaces called Prism.

Pyramid, is a polygon for a base and triangular

lateral faces intersecting at a common point

called vertex.

If the axis is perpendicular to the base it is calledright pyramid otherwise it is an oblique

pyramid


51/233


Ask questions about Development & Packing industry __________


Make the development & models of different solids _ ___________


__________________________________________________

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)Mechanical Drawing by French page 497-514

Technical drawing by Frederick page 585-596


52/233


53/233

Basic Engineering Drawing & CAD-I

MT-163

OPERATION SHEETS


54/233


55/233

Table of Contents

Single Stroke Capital vertical lettering on Graph Sheet 1

Single Stroke Capital inclined lettering on Graph Sheet 4

Practice of single stroke capital vertical & inclined lettering 7

Double Stroke Lettering 9

Use of Tee Square & Set Square for drawing of Horizontal, Vertical & Inclined lines 11

Use of Compass, circles, half circles, Radii 13

Use Tee Square for drawing centers, crossing of lines 15

Draw round corners, figure inside and outside circle 17

Construction of Angles and Triangles 20

Construction of Quadrilaterals and circle elements 22

Construction of Parallel lines, Perpendicular, Bisect line, Angles and equal division of line 26

Construction of Inscribed & circumscribed figures. Square, Triangle and Hexagon 29

Construction of Pentagon by different methods 31

Construction of Hexagon, Octagon, by general and different methods 35

Construction of Tangents of circles (Inside & outside) 38

Construction of Ellipse by four different methods 41

Construction of Parabola curve by four different methods 44

Construction of Hyperbola Curve 47

Construction of Archimedean Spiral Curve 50

Construction of Involutes Curve of Square/rectangle, hexagon and circle 52

Construction of Cycloid, epicycloids and hypocycloid 55

Different types of drawing lines 57

Orthographic Projection, 1st. angle wooden block-1 63

Orthographic Projection, 3rd angle, wooden block-1 65

Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.2 A, B 67

Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.3 A, B 69

Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.4 A,B 71

Orthographic Project, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.5 A,B 73

Orthographic Projection and Isometric drawing-1 75

Orthographic Projection & Isometric Drawing – II 79

Orthographic Projection and Oblique Drawing – I 82

Orthographic Projection and Oblique Drawing – II 85

Construction of One Point Perspective 87


56/233

Construction of Two Point Perspective 89

Construction of Multi view drawing of “Gland for stuffing box.” 91

Construction of Multi view drawing of simple bearing 93

Missing Lines and Portion on given views – 1 95

Missing Lines and Portion on given views – II 97

Development of Prism – I 99Development of Hexagonal Prism – II 101

Development of Cylinder 103

Development of Cone 105

Development of Pyramid – 1 & 2 107


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OPERATION SHEET NO. 1

Operation: Single Stroke Capital vertical lettering on Graph Sheet. Name: - Amjad Elahi

Subject: - MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1 Technology MechanicalTime 150 min___

Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Draw the border line and title strip.

2) Construct the letters and numerals in correct shape and size using graph and drawing sheet.

3)

Develop skill to letter in proper sequence of strokes.

4) Construct the letters and numerals in single stroke.

5) Draw guide lines and maintain spacing between letters and numerals.

Introduction: - The representation of informational data such as titles, dimensions, notes, surface finish etc. on adrawing is known as “lettering”. Lettering should therefore, be done clear, legible, uniform & properly spaced.

Vertical single stroke lettering is to be drawn at 90 degree without lifting the pencil. The letter may be constructed

with the ratio of height and width of 5:4, 5:5. 6:4, 6:5, 6:6. Etc

Materials:: Graph sheet ,quarter imperial size (15” x 10” or 375mm x 250mm) of light color print, pencil H, eraser

and drawing tape.

Equipment, Drafting table/drawing board, Tee-square. Set- square, and pencil, sharpener.

Steps/Procedure/method Key points

PROCEDURE:

1. Fix the graph paper with tape on the drawing table

keeping the tee-square at the left edge of the board.

2. Draw borderline with H pencil. Leave ten squares on

left and five squares on the other sides.

3. Make a line for title strip at the lower base with

borderline leaving eight squares.4. Leave a gape of size squares four sides with the

borderlines.

5. Construct alphabet letters and numerals in single

stroke vertical gothic style in the height of six

squares and width of four squares or as instructed by

teacher.

6. Make a title at the lower base with the eight of two

squares and a gape of one square.

7. Similarly draw a guide lines on a plane drawing sheet

with border line & title strip and print the letters &

numerals as instructed by the teacher.

Writing is important for communication

Safety Precautions: 1. Keep a white paper under your hands to get the work neat and clean.

2. Letters should be in single stroke and properly dark.

3. Indicate the direction of letters and numerals clearly and properly.

4. Do not use scale for lettering.

5. Follow the instructional material.


58/233Special Assignment: Write vertical lettering as per instructions.


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References:


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OPERATION SHEET NO.2

Operation: Single Stroke Capital inclined lettering on Graph Sheet. Name: - Amjad Elahi

Subject: - MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1 Technology MechanicalTime 150 min


2) Construct the letters and numerals in correct shape and size using graph and drawing sheet.

3)

Develop skill to letter in proper sequence of strokes.

4) Construct the letters and numerals in S.S.

5) Draw guide lines and maintain spacing between letters & numerals.

Introduction: - The representation of informational data such as titles, dimensions, notes, surface finish etc. on a

drawing is known as “lettering”. Lettering should therefore, be done clear, legible, uniform and properly spaced

Inclined single stroke lettering is to be drawn at 67 ½ without lifting the pencil. The letter may be constructed

with the ratio of height and width of 5:4, 5:5. 6:4, 6:5, 6:6

Materials:: Graph sheet – quarter imperial size (15” x 10” or 375mm x 250mm) of light color print, pencil H, eraser

and drawing tape.

Equipment, Drafting table/drawing board, tee-square. Set- square, and pencil sharpener.

Steps/Procedure/method Key points

PROCEDURE:

1. Fix the graph paper with tape on the drawing table

keeping the tee-square at the left edge of the

board.

2. Draw border line with H pencil. Leave ten squares

on left and five squares on the other sides.

3.

Make a line for title strip at the lower base withborder line leaving eight squares.

4. Leave a gape of size squares four sides with the

borderlines.

5. Draw incline guide lines at an angle of 67 ½.

6. Draw parallel guide lines equally space

7. Construct alphabet letters and numerals in

single stroke inclined gothic style in the height of six

squares and width of four squares.

8. Similarly draw a guide lines on a plane drawing

sheet with border line and title strip and print the

letters and numerals as already has done.

Application and Try Out: Writing is important for communication

Safety Precautions:

1. Keep a white paper under your hands to get the work neat and clean.

2. Letters should be in single stroke, properly dark and equally spaced.

3.

Indicate the direction of letters and numerals clearly and properly.

4. Do not use scale for lettering.


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Special Assignment: Draw lettering as per instructions.


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References:


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OPERATION SHEET NO.3

Operation: Practice of single stroke capital vertical & inclined lettering. Name: - Amjad Elahi

Subject: - MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1 Technology MechanicalTime 150 min


2) Draw guidelines to maintain spacing between letters and numerals in both styles.

3)

Construct the letters and numerals in correct shape and size using graph and drawing sheet.

4) Construct the letters and numerals in single stroke incline at 670 ½ angle.

5) Develop skill to letters in proper sequence of strokes.

Introduction: - For habitual rapid use in labeling and putting notes on drawings, a single line alphabet is required. This should

be based on the shapes and proportions of the gothic lettering. It may be divided into vertical and inclined single stroke letters.

Usually one type of lettering is used and is no

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