2 ap histology for class 12 7-10, 6
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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HISTOLOGY: THE STUDY OF TISSUES
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I. DEFINITIONS
A. TISSUE:
B. ORGAN:
II. EPITHELIUM
A. CHARACTERISTICS
1. OUTSIDE COVERING/INSIDE LINING
2. FIRMLY ATTACHED CELLS
3. NO INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCE
4. NO BLOOD SUPPLY
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B. FUNCTIONS 1. PROTECTION:
2. ABSORPTION: 3. SECRETION: 4. DIFFUSION:
5. SURFACE TRANSPORT:6. FILTRATION:
C. SHAPES 1. SQUAMOUS: thin, irregular, small nucleus 2. CUBOIDAL: square or round, dark circular
nucleus 3. COLUMNAR: rectangular, elongate nucleus near base
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SQUAMOUS AND CUBOIDAL CELLS
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COLUMNAR CELLS
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D. ARRANGEMENTS
1. SIMPLE
2. STRATIFIED
3. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
SIMPLE: SINGLE LAYER (Ex: simple cuboidal)
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SIMPLE CUBOIDAL
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STRATIFIED: LAYERS
(Ex: stratified squamous)
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STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
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(Ex: STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL)
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PSEUDOSTRATIFIED: FALSELY LAYERED
Ex: pseudostratified columnar
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III. CONNECTIVE TISSUE
A. FUNCTIONS
1. JOINS TISSUES AND ORGANS
2. SUPPORTS BODY
3. FORMS FRAMEWORK c/i ORGANS
B. CHARACTERISTICS
1. LARGE AMOUNTS OF INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCE
2. INTERSPERSED FIBERS, CELLS
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AREOLAR
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C. FIBER TYPES 1. COLLAGEN 2. RETICULAR 3. ELASTIC
D. CELLSSUFFIXES: BLASTS create CYTES: maintain CLASTS: break down
1. FIBROBLASTS 2. MACROPHAGES
3. CHONDROCYTES 4. OSTEOCYTES
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E. CONNECTIVE TISSUE TYPES
1. SOFT
a. AREOLAR
b. DENSE REGULAR
c. DENSE IRREGULAR
d. ADIPOSE
e. RETICULAR
f. BLOOD
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AREOLAR
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DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE:
tendons, vocal cords
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DENSE IRREGULAR with collagen fibers
under epithelium
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ADIPOCYTES in 3D
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ADIPOSE TISSUE (fat removed)
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RETICULAR
(framework of reticular fibers enclosing cells)
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BLOOD
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2. HARD
a. CARTILAGE CHONDROCYTES IN LACUNAE
•HYALINE
NO FIBERS SEEN IN MATRIX
ends of long bones, nose, ribs, trachea
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• ELASTIC CARTILAGE THIN ELASTIC FIBERS IN MATRIX
ears, larynx
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• FIBROCARTILAGE
THICK LONGITUDINAL COLLAGEN FIBERS
knee, intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis
LACUNA with CHONDROCYTE
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b. BONE
1. COMPACT
2. CANCELLOUS or SPONGY
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IV. MUSCLE
A. SMOOTH (VISCERAL, INVOLUNTARY)
IN THE WALLS OF ORGANS
NO STRIATIONS OR BRANCHING
ONE NUCLEUS IN CELL CENTER
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B. STRIATED MUSCLE (SKELETAL, VOLUNTARY)
MULTIPLE NUCLEI DIRECTLY UNDER CELL MEMBRANE
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C. CARDIAC MUSCLE
STRIATIONS, BRANCHING, INTERCALATED DISCS
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V. NERVE
A. NERVE CELL BODIES
B. AXONS
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NERVE CELL BODY
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A SINGLE AXON
NODE OF RANVIER