2 mep hvac rev

HEATING VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

HVAC

An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Organization

www.ramtech-corp.com

TYPES OF HVAC SYSTEM:

Portable air conditioning system (window units).

Ducted Split system or DX system.

package unit system.

Central air conditioning system.

SERVICES:

HVAC LAYOUTS:

Ventilation Schematics.

Chilled Water Schematics.

Air Conditioning ducting.

Ventilation ducting.

Exhaust ducting.



ABBRIVATIONS:

AAHU - AIR HANDLING UNITAD - ACCESS DOORAP - ACCEDD PANELATT - ATTENUATORAFFL - ABOVE FINISHED FLOOR LEVELBBL - BOTTOM LEVELBOP - BOTTOM OF DUCTBOD - BOTTOM OF DUCTBOU - BOTTOM OF UNITBTU - BRITISH THERMAL UNITCC - DEGREES IN CENTIGRADECFM - CUBIC FEET PER MINUTECHWS - CHILLED WATER SUPPLYCHWR - CHILLED WATER RETURNDDP - DRAIN POINTDUC - DOOR UNDER CUTEEAD - EXHAUST AIR DUCT



FFA or F/A - FROM ABOVEFlex. - FLEXIBLE DUCTFC - FALSE CEILINGFCU - FAN COIL UNITFD - FIRE DAMPERFFL - FINISHED FLOOR LEVELFMS - FLOW MEASURING STATIONFAHU - FRESH AIR HANDLING UNITFAG - FRESH AIR GRILLFAL - FRESH AIR LOUVERF - DEGREES IN FAHRENHEITFPM - FEETPER MINUTE

GGV - GATE VALVEGPM - GALLONS PER MINUTEHHL - HIGH LEVELHP - HORSE POWER

IIV - ISOLATING VALVEIL - INVERT LEVEL

ABBRIVATIONS:An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Organization


K

KED - KITCHEN EXHAUST DUCT

LL/S - LETERS PER SECONDLL - LOW LEVEL

NNRD - NON RETURN DAMPERN.T.S - NOT TO SCALEOOBD - OPPOSED BLADE DAMPER

RRAR - RETURN AIR REGISTERRALD - RETURN AIR LINEAR DIFFUSERRLBG - RETURN LINEAR BAR GRILLRPM - REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE

SSAD - SUPPLY AIR DIFFUSERRAD - RETURN DIR DIFFUSERSALD - SUPPLY AIR LINEAR DIFFUSER

ABBRIVATIONS: An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Organization


SSAR - SUPPLY AIR REGISTERSTL - SAND TRAO LOUVERSLBG - SUPPLYU LINEAR BAR GRILLSTR - STRAINERSD - SMOKE DAMPERSSL - STRUCTURAL SLAB LEVEL

TTED - TOILET EXHAUST DUCTTA or T/A - TO ABOVETB or T/B - TO BELOWT - THERMOSTAT

UU/G - UNDER GROUND

VVD - VOLUME DAMPERVCD - VOLUME CONTROL DAMPERVAV - VARIABLE AIR VOLUME

ABBRIVATIONS: An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Organization


AXIAL FAN : Type of fan where pressure is produced due to an increase

In air velocity thorough the rotating impeller. the air flow

through the fan is parallel to the impeller axis.

CENTRIFUGAL FAN : Type of fan where pressure and velocity are produced by the

centrifugal action of the rotating impeller and the velocity

of air leaving the tip of the impeller.

COMPRESSOR : A refrigerant compressor converts input electricity Intomechanical energy In order to remove heat from air.

CONDENSER : The heat exchanger In a mechanical refrigeration cycle. it removes heat from the hot, high pressure refrigerant vapor. the removal of heat converts the vapor into a

liquid.

CHILLER : A machine which uses mechanical shaft energy to chill water

through the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. Chillers can

be air or water cooled , and typically have centrifugal,reciprocating or screw compressors.

CONDENSATION : Condensation occurs when water vapor is converted to liquid.

COOLING COIL : A coil which is used to lower the temperature of an air stream.

heat is transferred from the air stream to chilled water or

refrigerant circulating through the coil tubes.

DEFINATIONS : An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Organization


DUCT : A passageway made of galvanized sheet metal or othersuitable material that is used to distribute the air

neededto heat, ventilate, or cool the conditioned spaces.

DAMPER : A devise used to control the flow of air within a duct.

DEHUMIDIFICATION: Process where moisture is removed from the air.

DEHUMIDIFIER : A devise which removes moisture from the air.

DIFFUSER : A devise which evenly distributes high velocity supply air into

the conditioned space.

DISTRIBUTION : The transport of conditioned air or water throughout a facility.

Also refers to the equipment which performs this function.

DUCT : A passageway made of galvanized sheet metal or othersuitable

DEFINATIONS :



EXHAUST AIR : Building air which is expelled of “exhausted” from the building

to balance the incoming fresh outside air, Exhaust sir removes

airborne contaminants.

FAN COIL UNITS : Fan coil units (FCU) are typically mounted In the ceiling at

each zone and contain a blower, air filter, and water coil

or coils.

FILTER : A devise which removes particulate contaminants from an

air stream.

HEATING COIL : A coil used to increase the temperature of an air stream.

heat is transferred to the air stream from hot water circulating

through the coil tubes.

PACKAGED UNITS : HVAC units that contain all components for a complete air

cooled refrigeration cycle in one unit.

PLENUM : An enclosure that is part of the air distribution system and is

distinguished by having almost uniform air pressure.

BOTTOM OF PIPE : BOP is the distance between the finished floor level to the

bottom of the pipe.

BOTTOM OF DUCT : BOD is the distance between the finished floor level to the

bottom of the duct.

DEFINATIONS :



HVAC:

A simple definition of air conditioning is the simultaneous

control of Temperature , humidity, air movement,

and the quality air in a space.

The human body may be compared to a furnace using food as fuel.

Its individual comfort depends upon how fast or how slow the body Loses or gains heat.

Proper air circulation in a conditioned space is essential for maintaining good comfort. Proper circulation of the air will absorb heat and

moisture uniformly throughout the entire room. It is also important that air movement be gentle so as not to cause Objectionable drafts.



PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM: Drawings fromconsultant

Arch. drawingsStructuraldrawings

Services designdrawings

Shop drawings(ISD Dwgs.)

MEP CoordinationDrawings

(CSD Dwgs.)

Builders workdrawings

As built drawings

Commentsupdated

Approved

Rejected

Approved



The Design Guide is organized around eight design areas that help achieve a high-performance HVAC system.

Integrated design describes an approach to the design of a small commercial buildings that provides high performance with minimal first cost impacts.

Unit sizing provides information on right-sizing HVAC systems to improve efficiency and reduce first costs.

Unit selection provides information on features to look for when specifying packaged rooftop equipment.

Distribution systems provides information on the design of the HVAC distribution system to minimize fan energy consumption, duct leakage and improve comfort.

Ventilation provides information on how to provide adequate ventilation to commercial building spaces without excessive energy costs.

Thermostats and controls provides information on control system selection and installation for small rooftop systems.

Commissioning provides information on commissioning procedures to ensure the building as constructed meets the intent of the designer.

Operations and maintenance provides information on recommended operations and maintenance practices to preserve system efficiency and performance over time.

DESIGN GUIDE ORGANIZATION :



Window air conditioner

*Many traditional air conditioners in use are single rectangular units (window mounted)*These are compressor based refrigerant system that uses air to exchange heat, with this type of system the air is dehumidified as it is cooled.*Normally outside air is used to cool the condenser section for this reason these units are placed in windows or through openings in a wall.*These are for small capacity cooling loads (usually upto2.5 Ton)

PORTABLE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM:



PACKAGE UNIT SYSTEM:

*Package units located on roof

*Package units system: All components (condenser, compressor and the evaporator) are located in a single outdoor unit that may be located on the ground floor are on the roof floor.*Package unit system doesn’t need chilled or refrigerant pipe connections they act as independent cooling system www.ramtech-corp.com


Input drawing

*In ducted split system the condenser and compressor are located In an outdoor unit and the evaporator is mounted in the indoor unit.*When air conditioner is turned on, room air is drawn from various parts of the room through return air outlets. this air is pulled through a filter where airborne particles such as dust and lint are removed. the filtered air routed to supply duct through FCU back to the room.*Condenser unit is connected to the indoor unit through refrigerant pipes.

Ducted split (DX system):

Output drawing



Ducted split (DX system):

Typical ducted split units arrangement



*In ducted split system the condenser and compressor are located In an outdoor unit and the evaporator is mounted in the indoor unit.*When air conditioner is turned on, room air is drawn from various parts of the room through return air outlets. this air is pulled through a filter where airborne particles such as dust and lint are removed. the filtered air routed to supply duct through FCU back to the room.*Condenser unit is connected to the indoor unit through refrigerant pipes.

Central air conditioning system:



AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU):

Air handling unit is a devise used as part of a HVAC system. usually, an air handler is a large metal box Containing a blower, heating and or cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators, and Dampers.Air handling units usually connect to ductwork that distributes the conditioned air through the building, and returns to the unit .AHU are mounted on anti vibration pads.While placing AHU, maintenance place should be taken in to consideration to the left or to the right side of the unit

OUTPUT DRAWING

INPUT DRAWING



AIR HANDLING UNIT (AHU):



Access doors are provided for fire dampers as they need inspecting and testing.These access doors are fitted to the duct vertically down are on either side of the duct.

Access doors:



Input drawing

*Thermostats control the operation of HVAC systems.*Turning on and off, or modulating, the heating or cooling systems to bring the building to the set temperature.*Usually thermostat location is as shown in the design drawing (input drawing). other wise it has to shown near to the return grill area and near to the door.

THERMOSTAT:

Output drawing



SUPPLY AIR DIFFUSER:

Supply air diffusers or square diffusers are the most common air outlets that we may found in air conditioning.Available standard sizes of SAD are 150x150, 225x225, 300x300, 375x375, 450x450, etc.,Factors to be considered while designing SAD sizes are cfm ,noise level, through area, type of false ceiling.

OUTPUT DRAWING



RETURN or EXHAUST AIR DIFFUSER:

Return air diffusers (RAD) or Extract air diffusers (EAD) are available in standard sizes of 150x150, 225x225, 300x300, 375x375, 450x450, etc.,Factors to be considered while designing RAD or EAD sizes are cfm ,noise level, type of false ceiling.

OUTPUT DRAWINGINPUT DRAWING



SAMPLE CHILLED WATER PUMP ROOM LAYOUT AND SECTIONS:



FAN COIL UNIT (FCU):

A fan coil unit is, just as the name implies, a small unit with a fan and a chilled and/or heating water coilenclosed in a common cabinet. fan coil units are usually small enough to be located in the space that they serve.Fan coil units typically have a small fan, fan motor, filters, a single water coil, and controls mounted inside a decorative cabinet.FCU are usually located in bath rooms, toilets are in kitchens.



VARIABLE AIR VOLUME (VAV):

VAV is an all air HVAC system that has relatively fixed supply air temperature, but the volumetric flowRate of air varies to meet the thermal load.


OUTPUT DRAWINGINPUT DRAWING


FLEXIBLE DUCTS:

FLEXIBLE DUCTS CONNECTED TO DIFFUSERS



MOTORISED DAMPERS

DAMPERS:

Ducting systems must provide a method of adjusting the volume of air flow to various parts of the system.Balancing , flow-control, and fire/smoke dampers provide this function. besides the regulation provided at the registers or diffusers that spread air into individual rooms, dampers can be fitted within the ducts themselves. These dampers may be manual or automatic.



Flex duct connections to a diffuser from a mainBranch showing smooth duct routing without kinks or compression.

The flex duct used in this connection is toolong, resulting in kinking at the branchconnection and duct length compression.

To avoid kinking, maintain a bend radius atleast equal to the duct diameter.

Support flex duct at minimum 5 ft intervals, with hanging straps at least 2 in. wide.

FLEXIBLE DUCTCONNECTION DETAILS:



BASIC DESIGN OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM:



OUTPUT:HVAC LAYOUT 3D (ABS) :



OUTPUT:EQUIPMENT (AHU) 3D (ABS) :



OUTPUT:CHILLED & HOT WATER CONNECTION 3D (ABS) :



OUTPUT:COORDINATED LAYOUT:



OUTPUT:COORDINATED LAYOUT 3D (ABS) :



*Fire dampers are used to isolate the fire by stopping the flow of air when there is any fire hazard.*In most of the cases access doors are shown with fire dampers.*Connecting duct shall not be continuous thru the wall or floor opening but shall terminate at the sleeve. *sleeves shall extend a maximum of 6”(150mm) on either side of the wall or floor opening or 16” (400mm) on one side when incorporating a factory installed access door.*The maximum size of the opening shall be 2”(50mm) larger in either dimension than the allowable minimum size. for example a sleeve dimension of 36”x12”(900x300) shall be of 38”x14”(950x350).*Installation shall be in accordance with appropriate requirements of the national fire Protection Association Standard NFPA.

STANDARD DETAIL

INPUT DRAWING

OUTPUT DRAWING

FIRE DAMPER:



STANDARD DETAILS:

TYPICAL DUCT JOINT VERTICAL DUCT SUPPORT DETAILS IN SHAFT RISERS



SECTIONS:

Sections must be shown to have better idea of the services where they are fouling.First check the distance between S.S.L to S.S.L in this case it is 4650mm.Check the height from F.F.L to bottom of the slab in this case it is 4225mm.False ceiling is at 3000mm, so we have 1175mm to run all our services.As a general rule we should run all the drainage pipes just below the slab.All ducts can be run minimum 150mm above false ceiling.

TYPICAL SECTION

Abbreviations:

BOD : Bottom Of DuctBOP : Bottom Of PipeBOFC : Bottom Of False CeilingS.S.L : Structural Slab LevelF.F.L : Finished Floor LevelBOCT : Bottom of Cable TrayBOB : Bottom of Beams



SUPPLY AIR DUCT:

Duct which carries conditioned air from FCU or AHU or FAHU is called supply air duct.This duct must be properly insulated with insulation (normally fiber glass wool ), insulation will be 25mm Thick if the duct is internal and 50mm thick if duct is exposed to sun.



CHILLERS:

A chiller is a machine that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compressor or absorption refrigeration cycle.Most often water is chilled, this chilled water is used to cool and dehumidify air in mid-to large commercial, industrial, and institutional facilities.Most chillers are weather proof.Chilled water is distributed to heat exchangers, FCU’s, AHU’s, FAHU’s and used water is returned to the chiller.Chiller is a huge machine and makes lot of noise, so these are mounted on concrete foundations with inertia base system

OUTPUT DRAWING

INPUT DRAWING



CHILLERS:



EXPANSION JOINT:


Buildings will have expansion joints. services which are crossing these expansion joint must be provided


SAND TRAP LOUVER (STL):


Turning vanes in rectangular duct elbow reduce pressure drop and turbulence


VOLUME CONTROL DAMPER {VD}:

OUTPUT DRAWING

INPUT DRAWING



TYPICAL CONNECTIONS

SPLITTER DAMPPER


SHOE NECK CONNECTION


2 mep hvac rev

Documents

galvanized sheet metal

hvac layout 3d

filtered air routed

package unit system

ducted split system

finished floor level

return air outlets

air handling unit