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STEAM TURBINE PERFORMANCEIMPROVEMENTS

Western Regional Boiler User ConferenceSpokane, Washington

March 2009


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STEAM TURBINE PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS

Presented byPresented by

Joe LambersonJoe Lamberson

World Wide Steam Turbine Development ManagerWorld Wide Steam Turbine Development Manager

Phone: (716) 378-2074Phone: (716) 378-2074Fax: (585) 593-5815Fax: (585) 593-5815

EMAIL: [email protected]: [email protected]


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Indications of the areas of potential performance

improvements for steam turbines.

Guidance on where to locate the greatest potential

of efficiency improvements

Quantify values of improvement.

This Paper was written for the following reasons:


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Areas Covered in Paper:Steam Chest Design

Control Valve DesignControl Valve LeakageLabyrinth Seals (Inter-stage, end gland,

Retractable and Brush)Journal Bearing DesignThrust Bearing DesignNozzle Ring DesignDiaphragm DesignRotating Airfoil DesignShroud Construction

Rotor DesignCasing Body DesignExhaust ConstructionRotor Leakage Re-inductionTip SealsRim SealsWind Shields


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The Presentat ion Wil l Cover only theMajor Performance Improvement Areas



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Areas to be covered in the presentation:

Labyrinth Seals (Inter-stage, End Gland, Retractable,

and Brush)

Nozzles/Diaphragms

Rotating Airfoils


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Steam Turbines

Steam Turbine Components

Multistage SteamTurbine



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Shaft Seals: Carbon

1)Normally utilized on single stage turbines

2) New improved design materials will increase

efficiency by .5 to 1.0 percent

3) You are able to decrease shaft to carbon clearances

with improved material


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Carbon Rings

Carbon ring match marks& segments



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Shaft Labyrinth Seals:

Straight or Stepped


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Labyrinth Seals


Straight


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Straight

Labyrinth Seals


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Labyrinth Seals


Stepped


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Shaft Labyrinth Seals:

Retractable


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Retractable Seal Upgrade

Conventional Labyrinth Ring Retractable Labyrinth

Ring



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Retractable BrushShaft Labyrinth Seals:


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Brush Seals

Brush seals are available as anintegral part of labyrinth seals or

may be installed in the pressure

closing seals as shown below.



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Shaft Seals:

Mechanical Seals


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Steam Seals

Mechanical Seals



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Extremely Important Area for Efficiency

Improvement

Potential Inefficiency of3 to 5 Percent.

Retractable Seals Increase Clearance at Startup.

Retractable Seals Hold Clearance Between outages.

Retractable/Brush Seals Have Zero Clearance.

Brush Seals Improve Efficiency in the area of1.0 percent.

Shaft Seals:


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Nozzles/Diaphragms:

Reamed


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Reamed


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Nozzles/Diaphragms:

Investment Cast


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Steam TurbineComponents

Diaphragm Designs



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Nozzles/Diaphragms:

Milled and Welded


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Steam Turbine

Components

Diaphragm Designs


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Nozzles/Diaphragms:

Profiled Ring and Vain:


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Steam TurbineComponents

Diaphragm Designs



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Nozzles/Diaphragms:

Constant Ring and Vane

Cast


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PRV Diaphragms



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Nozzles/Diaphragms: Highest potential for improvement.

Design initiatives to obtain approximately 10 percent increase in

efficiency in the past 20 years.

Possible 15 percent improvement due to ware/damage.


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Rotating Airfoils:

Root Design

Internal fir treeExternal fir treeAxial entry


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Rotating Airfoils:


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Rotating Airfoils:

Efficiency Improvements of5% in the Past Ten Years

More Than 5% Due to Ware/Damage


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Know where you plan to operate your turbine.

Know how you want to operate the turbine.

Understand the inefficiency of off designs.

Keep informed of all O.E.Ms efficiency upgrades.

Complete value calculators on all potential upgrades.

Track performance of unit continuously.

Shaft seals and airfoils are normally the areas to concentrate on.

Conclusion:


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[email protected]

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